May 1984

Canada S4.95 UK £3.35

$6.95

'Pf\

EVIEW

WORLDS OF FLIGHT (WOF) is a "view" oriented flight simulation for the TRS-80 Color Computer, written entirely in Machine Language. "View" oriented means that the pilot may determine his or her position by actually viewing the sur- rounding landmarks as opposed to using instruments which sense navigational references. This is a major departure from "instrument only" simulations which can be achieved through BASIC programs. Most instrument maneuvers and pro- cedures may be practiced. The craft is a light-weight, single-engine airplane with low wings. A nose wheel which is both steerable and retractable is also modeled. Some aerobatics are possible including sustained inverted flight, aileron rolls, spins and stalls.

JOYSTICKS REQUIRED

32K MACHINE LANGUAGE TAPE $29.95 DISK $32.95

The Experts Say:

C.L. — "As a pilot I found "Flight" to be an outstanding simulation.

M.H. — "No one has created a more realistic flight simulator for the Color Computer. "

D. HOOPER.pilot for major airline — "An outstanding flying experience. Very realistic. "

TOM MIX SOFTWARE

4285 BRADFORD N.E. GRAND RAPIDS. Ml 49506

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LOOKING FOR NEW SOFTWARE

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ModeM00 8K$679

ModeM00 24K$835

IColor Computer II 16K $1351

W/16K Ext. Basic $165

W/64K Ext. Basic $210

Model 4 16K $849

Model 4 64K

2 Disk & RS232 $1699

DMP120 $395 DMP200 $520

Color Computer Disk Drive Drive 0 $329 Drive 1 $235

BIG SAVINGS ON A FULL COMPLEMENT OF RADIO SHACK COMPUTER PRODUCTS

COMPUTERS

Model 4 Portable

64K w/2 Drives Model 2000 2Dr Model 12 1 Drive Model 16B 1Dr 256K

1525 2299 2360 3965

MODEMS

Hayes Smartmodem II

225

AC-3

129

DC Modem I

89

DC Modem II

160

PRINTERS

Silver Reed EXP500 D.W. Ser.

455

Silver Reed EXP550 D.W. Par.

525

CGP115

159

CGP220 Ink Jet

545

DMP110

305

DMP420

735

Toshiba 1340 (24 wire head)

779

Gemini 10X

289

Gemini 15X

409

CITOH Prowrlter

359

Okidata

CALL

Epson

CALL

ETC.

Disk Drive Controller 139

Extended Basic Kit 39.95

PBH Ser/Par Conv. 69

64K Ram Chips 62.95

Deluxe Keyboard 35.95

Superpro Keyboard 69.95

HJL Keyboard 79.95

CCR-81 Recorder 52

Deluxe Joystick (each) 35.95

Joysticks (pair) 22

Video Plus (monitor adapter) 24.95

Video Plus IIC 39.95

Amdek Color 1 + Monitor 299

BMC Color Monitor 255 BMC Green Monochrome Monitor 99

Taxan Green Mono. Monitor 130

Taxam Amber Mono. Monitor 139

SOFTWARE Zaxxon

The King Trap Fall Buzzard Bait Devil Assault

(Tape Version) 34.95 26.95 27.95 27.95 27.95

Colorpede 29.95

Juniors Revenge 28.95

Pac Attack 24.95

Block Head 26.95

Froggle 24.95

Lunar Rover Patrol 24.95

Lancer 24.95

Typing Tutor 23.95

Galagon 24.95

Scott Adams Adventures 19.95

Sea Dragon 34.95

Colorcome 49.95

Telewriter 64 49.95

O-Pak (disk) 34.95

Key-264K 39.95

Elite-Calc 59.95

VIP Writer 59.95

VIP Calc 59.95

VIP Terminal 49.95

VIP Database (disk) 59.95

Order any 2 software pieces listed and take 10% oft their listed price. All Radio Shack software 10% off list. Send for complete list.

CALL TOLL FREE

1-800-343-8124

• LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES

• BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY

• KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF

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com

^5 ^^2'

P.O. Box 1094 480 King Street Littleton, MA 01460

SINCE 1973

IN MASSACHUSETTS CALL (617) 486-3193

TRS-80 Is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp.

Under the Rainbow

FEATURE ARTICLES

Make Your Own Kind Of Magic/ Dennis H. Weide 18

Printer Utility Showing off your printer's capabilities Two Jobs In One/ Damon Swanson 23

Printer Utility An enhanced spooler program A Three-Ring Circus At CoCo Beach/7//); Reed 26

RAINBOWfest Report An eventful weekend in Long Beach Software Piracy: The Great Debate/ Bill Nolan 29

Special Report A seminar on software thievery Changing Addresses/ Dennis Derringer 38

Disk Utility Quickly relocate ML programs Multicolored Mod Messages/ Doug Lindsay 41

Printer Utility Creating colorful banners CoCo Grows Up/ Ed Ellers 49

Tutorial An updated, uplifting upgrade Scrubba Dub Dub/ Barry E. Becker 54

Printer Utility Cleaning your printer's head — without shampoo Stylish Types From The Past To The Future/ Mike Fahy 67

Printer Utility Using dot graphics The Best Looking Envelope/ Charles M. Thonen 74

Printer Utility Creating a useful mailing label Wish You Were Here/ Don Hughes and Jessie James 84

Printer Utility Printing personalized postcards Rockin' Round The CoCo/ Fred B. Scerbo 89

Rainbow Wishing Well A printout of your favorite rock group And Now There Are CoCo Widows/Suitf/; P. Davis 119

Commentary A look at women in the CoCo Community Women In The Computer Revolution/ Sara Nolan 121

Special Report A seminar at RAINBOWfest 3 ... 2 ... 1 .. . Blastoff!/./?// 'Ham 131

Graphics A close-up of the CoCo Columbia Colorful Correspondence/ Thomas Szlucha 135

Printer Utility Custom labels drawn in colors Pretty As A Printout/ Thomas S:lucha 137

Printer Utility Creating pictures with the CGP-1 15 Print It, Print It!/ James Provost 149

Utility Synchronous output to screen and printer It's A Bargain!/ Edward R. Carson 156

Home Help A sell-sational garage sale program Playing The Ponies/ Leonard Hyre 166

Derby Special Weighing the odds Nerdy, But Nice/ Jerry D. Forsha 177

Game Fun with Q'bert's nerdy little friends Run For The Roses/ M, J. Himowiiz and J. Nelson 180

Printer Mystery A Derby printout Let's Blow This Joint/ Doug Thorsvik 195

Game An alarmingly fun bank heist

COVER art © by Fred Crawford

DEPARTMENTS

Advertiser Index 321

Back Issue Information 311

Basic Training/ Joseph Kolar 116

A full-baked debugging session Bits And Bytes Of BASIC'/ Richard While 31

A lesson on memory maps and machine language Building May's Rainbow/.///)) Reed 16

A many-hued preview to this month's issue

CoCo Clubs 282

CoCo Counsel/ Tom Nelson 288

A guide to buying your printer CoCo Graphics/ Don Inman 125

Examining LOGO through the eyes of BASIC

The Dragon's Byte/ Bill Nolan 142

A filing system for your fantasy role-playing characters Education Notes/Steve Blyn 190

A "home run" lesson on list manipulation Education Overview/ Dr. Michael Ptog 52

Curriculum questions on computer education GameMaster's Apprentice/ Boh Alhrechi 113

Creating a random name file Greetings From Uncle Bert/ Dale Peterson 185

Springtime and the turtles are hatching

Letters To Rainbow/ Our Readers 7

The Pipeline/ Staff. 152

PRINT #-2,/ Lawrence C. Falk 14

Editor's Notes

RAINBOW Info 48

Rainbow Scoreboard 210

Received And Certified 202

Reviewing Reviews 206

School Is In The Heart Of A Child/ Fran Saito. Bob Alhrechi 60

Children's evaluations of programs

Submitting Material To Rainbow 189

Subscription Information 39

These Fine Stores 318

Turn Of The Screw/ Tony DiStefano 188

Designing your own video monitor adapter

(No corrections are listed in this month's issue.)

RAINBOWTECH

Downloads/ Dan Downard 293

Answers to your technical questions hogg_wash/ Frank Hogg 314

Comparing FLEX and OS-9 KISSable OS-9/ Dale L Pucketi 297

Some technical potpourri

PRODUCT REVIEWS

Product Review Contents 201

NEXT MONTH:. I unc is our mubic issue, featuring a number of noteworthy routines to show off your CoCo. We'll have lessons on guitar chords, a method lor linding chords on your computer and a CoCo concert - from the classics to a little ragtime. And. keeping in tunc w ith our usual harmonious blend, we'll have business programs as well as ones lor home improvement, a database program and more.

Plus, do/ens of articles, features and hardware and software reviews - more information on the CoCo than is available unywhere else!

May 1984

Vol. Ill No. 10

Editor and Publisher

Lawrence C Falk

Managing Editor James E Reed Senior Editor Courtney Noe Technical Editor Dan Downard Copy Editor Susan Remini Submissions Editor Julia Kapfhammer Editorial Assistants Valane Edwards.

Wendy Falk, Suzanne Kurowsky,

Lynn Miller. Shirley Morgan,

Noreen Morrison. Kevin Nickols Technical Assistant Ed Ellers Contributing Editors Bob Albrechl, Steve Blyn.

Tony DiStefano. Frank Hogg, Don Inman, Joseph

Kolar, Dennis Lewandowski, Tom Nelson, Bill

Nolan, Dale Peterson, Michael Plog. Dale Puckett.

Fran Saito, Paul Searby. Fred Scerbo, Richard

White Art Director Sally Nichols Assistant Art Director Jerry McKiernan Designers Peggy Henry, Neal C. Lauron Advertising Manager Charlotte Ford Advertising Assistant Debbie Baxter

(502) 228-4492 General Manager Patricia H. Hirsch Asst. General Manager lor Finance Donna Shuck Bookkeeper Diane Moore Advertising Accounts Doris Taylor Dealer Accounts Judy Ouashnock Administrative Assistant to the Publisher

Marianne Booth Rainbowtest Site Management Willo Falk Director of Fulfillment Services Bonnie Shepard Asst. Customer Service Manager Deidra Henry Customer Service Representative Sandy Apple Word Processor Manager Lynda Wilson Rainbow On Tape Subscriptions Monica Wheat Research Assistants Laurie Falk.

Wanda Perry, Loretta Varda, Kara Voit Dispatch Mark Herndon Production Assistant Melba Smith

Advertising and Marketing Otllce lor the western stales and provinces: Cindy Shacklelord, director, 12110 Meridian South. Suite 8, P.O. Box 73-578, Puyallup. WA 9B373-057S. phone (206) S48-7766.

Garland Associates. Inc.. is Ihe advertising representative lor The RAINBOW in Ihe eastern United Stales. Advertisers east ol the Mississippi may contact them lor lurlher information. Garland Associates. Inc.. P.O. Bo. 314. S.H.S.. Ouibury, MA 02331. 1617) 934-6464 or 934-6546

The RAINBOW is published every month of Ihe year byFALSOFT. Inc.. 9529 U.S Highway 42. PO Box 209. Prospect. KY. 40059 Phone (502) 228-4492 The RAIN- BOW and The RAINBOW logolypesare ■ trademarks ol FALSOFT Inc

Second class postage paid Prospect. KY and addi- tional offices. USPS N. 705-050 (ISSN No 0746-4797). POSTMASTER Send address changes to The RAIN- BOW. P.O. Box 209. Prospecl. KY 40059 Forwarding Postage Guaranteed. Authorized as second class post- age paid from Hamilton. Ontario by Canada Post, Oltawa. Onlario. Canada

Entire contents* by FALSOFT, Inc , 1984 The RAIN- BOW is intended tor the private use and pleasure of its. subscribers and purchasers and reproduction by any means is prohibited Use of information herein is for the single end use of purchasers and any other use is expressly prohibited. All programs herein are distrib- uted in an "as is" basis, without warranty of any kind whatsoever

TRS-80. Color BASIC. Extended Color Basic. Scripsit and Program Pak are • trademarks ol Ihe Tandy Corp CompuServe Is a * trademark of CompuServe Inc.

Subscriptions to The RAINBOW are $28 per year in the United States Canadian and Mexican rales are U.S. S35 Surface mail to other countries is U.S S65, airmail U.S. S100. All subscriptions begin with next available issue

Limited back issues are available. Please see notice for issues which are in prml and costs Payment accepted by VISA. MasterCard. American Express. Cash, Check or Money Order in US currency only

May 1984 the RAINBOW

DisLDrEsCoCo

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drive 0 $339.00

drive 1 $199.00

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HARD DISK-OPERATING SYSTEM features

FULLY INTEGRATED INTO COLOR DISK BASIC TAPE TO HARD DISK DISK TO HARD DISK HARD DISK TO TAPE HARD DISK TO DISK

DUPLICATE COLD START M-RUN

ALL EXTENDED BASIC COMANDS

INTERFACE CARD & H-DOS opera.ing 5ys(em$425°°

peripheral H-DOS UTILITY PACK

BOOT STRAPS OS-9. FLEX. MDIR (master directory)

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SOFT SECTOR 40 TRACK

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PROJECT BOARDS

GOLD PLATED EDGE CONNECTOR FOR PERIPHERAL EXPERIMENTS

$ 29

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OS 9 users.......

128K MEMORY board MEMORY MAPPED INTO 32K BYTE BLOCKS including RAM chips PRICE call?

color MODEM 300

direct connect smart modem card

multipak interface compatible

auto answr, auto dial, re-dial, search,

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SOFTWARE

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VIPCALC 159.95

VIP TERMINAL 149.95

VIP DATA BASE

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COMPUTEHWARE

• JUNIOR'S REVENGE

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• COLOR BASIC COMPILER

64K SCREEN EXPANDER [64 Kj

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64K Memory Expansion Kit AQQQ

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ELITE SOFTWARE t

ELITEWORO Ssg.95 159.95

EUTC-CALC S59.95 159.95

COGNITEC T D

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USA

MICRO R.G.S. INC. 30CANUSA STREET BEEBE PLAIN.VERMONT, 05823, USA US Toll free line 800-361-4970

CANADA MICRO R.G.S. INC.

751, CARRE VICTORIA, SUITE 403 MONTREAL, QUEBEC. CANADA, H2Y 2J3

Regular Til, (514)287-1563 Canadian Toll Free 800-361-5155

CANADA New! TORONTO OFFICE 696 Yonge St., #704 Tel: (416) 967-1730

Canadian Toll Free 800-361-5155

letters to

RAINBOW

ARTS AND LETTERS

Envelope Of The Month

George Mueller W. Bloomjield. Ml

A COMPUFAIR

Editor:

The Northern Pennsylvania Amateur Computer Club and the Ha/Ieton Campus of Penn State University will hold their third annual Computer Fair May 19. 1984. Com- pufair "84 will be held on the Ha/Ieton Cam- pus at Penn Stale in Ha/Ieton. Penn.

The lair will feature seminars, workshops, vendor displays and demonstrations by the club's user groups. For more information call (717) 454-8731.

George Lee Hazleion. PA

INFORMATION PLEASE

Editor:

I purchased a Gorilla Banana Printer for my CoCo and would like to know if anyone knows of a screen dump program I can use with it. By the way. anyone interested in buying a Banana Printer should make sure the printer is sent with a serial interface unless you have a parallel, serial converter. The Banana is a fine printer but il you don't specify a serial interface when ordering you may be disappointed when it arrives and end up spending at least $60 lor an interface cable, like me. Write: 16718 Polo Road. 61081.

Marly A. Mapson Sterling. II.

Editor:

I have some questions about the machine language listings in your Rainbow On Tapes.

How do you load the listing so that it can be displayed on the screen? How do you make changes to the listing? How can you print out the listing to a printer?

I have EDTASM+ from Radio Shack.

Les Dunni Milton, FL

Editor's Note:

You must use a disassembler such as the one available in ZBVG.

AUTOSTART ACTION

Editor:

Is there a way to make a program RUN automatically once it is loaded from tape? Harry A . Thayer Ravena, NY

Editor's Note: See Steve Abrams' letter.

Editor:

I would like you or your readers help! I would like to know how to autostart Extend- ed basic or machine language programs loaded from tape or disk.

There is so much information and helpful tips in your publication that I thought you or your readers might solve this problem for mc?

Richard A. Thomas Ferndak: WA

Editor's Note: See the following letter.

Editor:

Recently there have been a rash of new programs on disk which when I.OADMecl. perform their own start without having to type in EXEC. Also some of these programs start again at the beginning when the RESET button is pushed.

How can this be accomplished before the program even starts?

Steve Abrams San Francisco, CA

Editor's Note:

By loading a small program into low memory you can force a program to autostart by modifying certain memory locations. You can also force a program to restart upon | RESET] by the same method. See the Rainbow "Memory Map" and see if you can identify these addresses. You may start at S9F.

Editor:

I am a recent proud owner of a CoCo 2 Extended basic computer. At the time of purchase your magazine was recommended to me. I have a copy of the January 1984 issue and it is better than I had anticipated.

One ol the things I wanted to do with my new CoCo is lo place on tape IV: generations of my family tree with all the data about each generation. At present I have about 90 to 96 direct ancestors and others to record.

1 am having problems finding a program lor genealogy. Would you know of any pro-

gram that would handle this much informa- tion and where I could obtain it?

La Verne Ashabranner Jef/'ersonvi/le. Ind.

Editor's Note:

See All in the Family Tree, February 1984, Page 78. Also West Bay Com- pany has a genealogy program called Roots.

SOME DO'S AND DONTS

Editor:

I am 13 and have a 64K CoCo. I enjoy your magazine a lot and especially enjoy "Letters to Rainbow." I'm in a computer club at school and recently several compu- ters have broken down. They have blamed this on the peeks and pokes of our programs. So. we have three angry teachers and some poor kids who are being punished for it. I told them that it was impossible for the pro- gram to hurt the computer. (So I live dan- gerously.) But being that I'm a kid. I guess they started telling me how wrong I was.

I have read a statement somewhere about software hurting hardware but can't find that particular issue to prove my story is Hue. Who's right?

Can I use peeks and pokes salcly from now on without worrying about hurting the computer?

Dylan Krider Houston. TX

Editor's Note:

Dylan, the computer will not be damaged by any command you type in or by any program you run, even if there are errors. One thing that will wreck a CoCo is plugging or unplug- ging cartridges or disk controllers (anything that goes into the cartridge slot ) with the CoCo turned on. A /ways switch the CoCo off before changing cartridges.

Editor:

I have a l.0"D"board. upgraded to32K. I recently bought a Radio Shack DWP-210. I o get it to work. I needed to install a new Color Basic I.I chip. #8040364 A. It takes about 10 minutes lo pop out the original and put in the new chip.

Docs anyone know how to gel the DWP- 210 to underline using the Telewriter word processor?

Write me: Route 2. Box 577A. 56367.

Eugene J. Beniek Rice. MN

May 1984 the RAINBOW 7

LOST AND FOUND

Editor:

Over the past couple of years. I've gained quite a large stockpile of information about CoCo products — more information than I can afford to take advantage of. I"m on the mailing lists of several large CoCo software companies, so I have a lot of new product information coming in at regular intervals. I'd like to extend an invitation to Rainbow readers, especially those who may be new to the CoCo Community. It anyone is looking for a certain type of program and they've had no success finding it so far, they can write me at 1801 17th Avenue. 49858. I'll try to answer any letters as quickly as possible. I feel that CoCo is a great machine and there area lot of great products available — hope- fully I can help people find some of them.

Dale Dobson Menominee. Ml

GAMES, GAMES, GAMES

Editor:

I recently typed in an Adventure game from the February 1984 issue The Amazing Adventures of Karrak. I cannot get past the pit and I don't know what goes in the slot on the first game. If anyone knows the solution to mv problem, please send it to me: I I Walnut Dr.. 06248.

Mark MiConnell Hebron. CT

Editor:

I'm only I I but I think your magazine is great!

If someone in CoCoLand has some answers to El Diablero. I would appreciate it. Please send all clues and solutions to me at: Box 473. POJ I E0.

Marc Brisson Earlton. Ontario

Editor:

1 need answers to the Adventures Raaka- Tu and Pyramid. Please help!

If anybody has the answers to the above questions, write me at P.O. Box 555. 78040.

Fred Turner Ijiredo. TX

OH, MUMMY

Editor:

For all of you Adventure buffs who are still having trouble in Pyramid and Raaka- Tu. I have a few major tips for you. In Pyramid, no one can seem to find the Pha- roah's chest. It is deep within the maze, past the pit. This information has been printed before, yet the person always would leave out one vital piece of information. When you get to the pit in the maze, go east one more time, and then go northwest, then you should see the words "Dead End." This is where the chest is. In order to get it, the mummy has to have previously taken some of your treasures. If he has, you will see your treasures, and the chest. If you do not know

how to get the mummy to take your trea- sures, or you cannot get to the pit. write me. and I will tell you.

In Raaka-Tu. when you leave the temple, you only have 25 points, yet you have all of the treasures. To solve this, when you leave the temple, go west twice, and then north three times, then press "Score," and you have 50 points. If you can't find any of the treasures, or just need to find one more, just write me at: 110 Ashley Drive. 2963 1 .

John Allen Clemson, SC

Editor:

I have reached the 220 points for Pyramid which was quite a challenge. I can see why some people are running into a lot of prob- lems. Any questions you have. I would be glad to answer. 1058 E. 9th Avenue. 85204.

Judy Fodness Mesa. AZ

Editor:

I have helplul hints to solving Bedlam. I have answers to questions such as: How do you get the red key? How do you get the green key? How do you stop wandering? How do you gel out? If you need any help on Bedlam, send a self-addressed stamped enve- lope to: 1450 Picadilly Street. 23513. One dollar handling appreciated. I will also in- clude a map of Bedlam.

Harry L Perkins. HI Norfolk. VA

EAwy

fOR YOUNG CHi'."-?€*

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Educators Endorse: "Early Games can help children learn new concepts, information and skills, and also introduces them to the joys and benefits of home computers."

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Mo adult supervision required. The Picture Menu gives children control. They can:

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Match numbers Count Colorful Blocks

• Add 5tacks of Blocks

• Subtract Stacks of Blocks

Draw and

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• Learn the Alphabet

• Spell their Mames • Compare 5hapes

the RAINBOW May 1984

Color Power 1 1

Expands Your CoCo to CP/M

t t t ACTUAL COLOR POMER II DISPLAY t t t

COLOR POUER II GIVES YOU MORE — INCLUDING: POtfERFUL FOUR KHz Z-88A

MOTOROLA 6845 UHICH GENERATES A HIGH QUALITY 88 COLUMN BY 24 LINE DISPLAY yiTH UPPER and \oyer case characters on uour coiposite video lonitor, INSTRUCTIONS INCLUDED ON USING 6845 DIRECTLY FROM YOUR CoCo

USES CoCo COMMANDS, NO NEU OPERATING SYSTEM TO LEARN SUCH AS OS-9 OR FLEX

ABSOLUTELY NO 64K CoCo or CoCo II HARDUARE MODIFICATIONS NEEDED

RUMS THOUSANBS AND THOUSANDS OF CP/M PROGRAMS

i SUPPORTS DOUBLE-DENSITY CoCo DISK FORMAT FOR MAXIMUM STORAGE CAPACITY

f

I IHCLUBES POUER SUPPLY

?? MMMMeniinUU2E2EaEea2E33333333334544444444555555555566666§6666777777^77J

Plug Color Power II into the expansion port of your 64K CoCo or CoCo 2, plug your disk controller into Color Power II, and insert our disk into your drive. You are now ready to run thousands of CP/M programs such as WordStar* , MailMerge-" , SpellStar,™ and Starlndex.™ It's that simple!

You now have have a fully professional CP/M compatible computer that generates an 80 column by 24 line display on your 80 column monitor with upper and lower case characters and works with your CoCo commands.

Introductory Prices:

Color Power II $299.00

Color Power II plus WordStar* & MailMerge* $469.00 Add SpellStar™ and Starlndex™for only $ 79.00

Call or send check, money order, Visa or MasterCard number with expiration date to the address below. N.J. residents add 6% sales tax.

Color Power Unlimited, Inc.

1260 Springfield Ave., P.O. Box 606-D, New Providence, N.J. 07974 (201) 665-9646

CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research. Inc., WordStar, MailMerge, SpellStar, and Starlndex are trademarks ot MicroPro International Corp.

TWO FOR THE TICKLE

Editor:

Have you heard these two?

Wife of Computer Enthusiast: "Why did the computer see a chiropractor?"

Computer Enthusiast: "I don't know. Why?"

Wife: "Because it had a slipped disk."

Computer Enthusiast: "Why did the com- puter see the dentist?" Son: "I don't know. Dad. Why?" Computer Enthusiast: "To straighten out its byte."

Mrs. A.E. Fuller Montrose. CO

Editor: Why does Mrs. Fuller write computer jokes?

Computer Enthusiast: Dont ASCII! I haven't array of an idea. We ought to delimiter to basic statements.

KUDOS

Editor:

Add my name to the list of people around the reading area in saying. "Thanks, for a great magazine!" You and your staff have convinced my friends and me that the Color Computer is not only the best computer, but also the one with the best information source, the Rainbowl

We are growing by the years with software and hardware additions and are looking forward to growing with your magazine in knowledge and understanding of this fasci- nating world of computers!

May life be one BIG Rainbow for us all!

John H. Boehnlein

South Bend, IN

Editor:

I really enjoy your magazine. I have com- pared the three major magazines available for the CoCo and yours is tops.

I would like to point out that I've had no problems obtaining these programs, but I consider your magazine of such high quality and low price that I feel obligated to "pay " for the convenience of having the programs sent to my door. I hope others (pirates) will recognize the true value of this service and aid you in being able to continue providing such quality to the CoCo Community at such a great price. All those programs plus a great magazine complete with documenta- tion. Your efforts are appreciated!

Gerald A. Mills Topeka. KS

Editor:

I would like to compliment you on a fine magazine. In fact, my subscription to one of your competitors is being replaced with a subscription to Rainbow this year. It was a pleasant surprise to find so much support available for the CoCo after purchasing what was going to be "just something to play with."

Again, thanks for an excellent magazine and all the help it has given me.

David B. Lamon Yuba City, CA

Editor:

I would like to thank you for an out- standing magazine. To me, this is the only magazine for the CoCo. Thanks!

Keep up the great work and thanks for a great magazine. The CoCo deserves it!

JeffD. Sauer Perkiomenville, PA

HINTS AND TIPS

Editor:

I am writing this letter to you because I want to praise this fine publication that you have. This is the second year that I have subscribed to your excellent magazine. I also want to say that I like this fine computer that I am writing this letter on. The TRS-80 Color Computer is a machine that is not as well praised as it should be. The 6809 microprocessor is a very powerful little beast that should not be underestimated. My sys- tem consists of a 64K Color Computer and a disk drive. I have a lot of excitement for the future of this computer since OS-9 was released by Radio Shack. It shows that Radio Shack cares a lot for the future of the Color Computer. Since I bought the com- puter back in 1982 I have seen it expand and grow to a very well-supported computer. Even Radio Shack has begun to expand its support for its little computer.

I would liketoshareacoupleofpeeksand pokes I have discovered.

Decimal Description Location

25 & 26 Beginning of basic program

27 & 28 End of basic program

39 & 40 Top of cleared space

113 Warm start flag (If 85 Then

warm start) 116 Top of RAM

157 & 158 Jump address for EXEC com- mand

Dale Robertson Rush Lake, Saskatchewan

Editor:

We have encountered a situation you might want to pass along to your readers. At least two brands of wireless telephones will cause the Amdek disk drives to speed up and crash. If you have portable phones in your house you might want to avoid their use when your Amdek drive is being used. Evi- dently the R.F. signal being generated by the phones can affect the speed of the drives.

Norman R. Shelton Owls Nest Software

Editor:

With the 64K question so frequently dis- cussed, I would like to share a short program that will let 32K users know if they have "half good" or "full" 64K chips.

20 FOR X= 16000 TO 16013

30 READ Y:POKEX.Y: NEXT X

40 DEFUSRO= 16000

50 A = USRO (0)

60 IF A THEN PRINT "32K" ELSE

PRINT "64K"

70 END

80 DATA 198, 191, 247, 255, 2, 246.

255,34, 196,4,79. 126, 180,244 RUN

Bruce Sumner Windsor, OH

Editor:

To make a stand for holding roll paper for the printer, we used Tinkertoys.

Long roll — sits on top of printer

For heavier rolls, sits on floor

Mi Koch

Margaret Hettinger

Lebanon Junction, KY

INTERESTING INDEX

Editor:

May I make a suggestion to your readers?

Tape an index card on each issue of the Rainbow and write on it the tips, hints, ideas, and articles of interest to you and note the page numbers as well. As your collection grows, it will be vastly valuable and easy to find any item you wish to recall. But be smart — if you read an article about a disk drive or for a printer and you think it would be great, except you don't have a disk drive or a printer, note it anyway. Someday you will, and you'll wonder where (what month and year) was that article about banner headlines or "Gosh, wasn't there a POKE lo prevent headcrashes?"

Larry Arnold Lansberry Phoenix. AZ

Editor:

How would you like a disk file to appear on the directory, but nobody except you can load it? To do this, save your file as follows: SA VE "FILE"+CHR$(I43). The Hie will appear normally on the directory, but at- tempts to LOAD "FILE" will give you a ?NE ERROR. To load the file, use LOAD" FILE" +CHRS(I43J. I'm sure you can find varia- tions on this process.

Craig M. Arnold Dallas. TX

10

the RAINBOW May 1984

PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL P P

{* REAL EIGHTY-COLUMN DISPLAY! JJ

F E

E

O

N A

ULTRA TERM +

#

#

O

N A L

PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL

This program is the ultimate in COCO communicating!! Ultra Term + is with a plug-in no column hoard* that gives you True 80 columns, not the graphics display that is unreadable at 80 columns. This is truly a Professional Package thai is so easy to use thai once

you have used || you'll wonder why

other pack a difficult

cept for Color Term • Plus • thai is1) After using a terminal program thai can not give you True mainframe terminal emulation, you will find Ultra Term + Indispensable! Ultra Term + even has a host mode that allows you to echo characters like full duplex mainframes do' There are also 1(1 macro keys which will allow you to save passwords, phone numbers, modem programming informa- tion, etc. - PLUS • you can save them to tape (Rom Pack, Tape Versions) or disk (Disk Version I Also, like all Professional terminal programs you can save your cur rent parameters This saves you set up lime when moving from one system to another • Plus - when used with the parallel printer port" you can print cither what is coming In, or prim what you saved in yout space huffer (H4K systems only support the space huffer op- lion) if you like And what about

documentation" Every feature is ex- plained in detail and indexed for fast look

up! There is also a comprehensive help section to aid those unfamiliar With telecommunications Although this pro gram was designed for the Professional a total novice can use it with ease Check all the features listed below and then sou decide who has the world's smartesi terminal! Baud Rates I 10-4800 (communicate]

800-9600 (printer) Screen Formal 80 x 25 w true upper &

lower case. Select half, full duplex or echo

Select odd, even, mark, space or no parity.

Send all 128 characters from keyboard.

Select 7 or 8 bit words.

Select I or 2 stop bits

Send a true line break

Select all caps if needed

Automatic rapture of incoming files.

X on X off capabilities.

Merge text or programs in buffer.

53,000 character buffer (64K)

Spin buffer option (ti4K).

10 macro keys

Four buffer send modes (du

prompted, manual & time delay). Buffer size indicators (bytes used &

bytes remaining) Buffer editor w auto key repeat. Scroll forward & reverse to view buffer

& print viewed screen option Selectable printer formats (line feeds,

etc.). Selectable (rapping of incoming

characters Print while receiving data". Spool received data while receiving

more (<>-4K) Buffer editor has these features: Move forward and reverse through buffet Insert, type over delete 111 or characters. Block deletion or start to end of buffer

delete

Save and load macros

md load parami Use 1-4 disk drive (w SAVE, LOAD, DIR & granule display)

to us,- MENl driven formal ( omprehensive users manual Works with ALL Radio Shack™ Disk Systems and all models of color computers. Still not convinced? How about a \'-

day, money back guarantee? If you don'1

like the package for any reason, we Will refund yOUI money upon return of a like- new package. t Who out there is offering

you tins kind of deal? And customer sup port was never better. Simply fill OUI registration card and send it back to us and you will be notified when new features, improvements, etc. become available because all registered owners will receive Free upgrades for a $5.00 shipping and handling fee).

As with all good Professional programs, Ultra Term + is all machine code. This program has been tested by those familiar and unfamiliar with communica- tions programs And when you call for some technical support, you won't get an answering machine during our business hours (10-5 CST M-Sat.) under normal cir- cumstances Technical help Is usually available all day

Note: Color Term + PLUS + should have all of the same capabilities described above by the time you read this ad, but call first to make sure. Ultra Term + Is ready to ship now. PRICE: Ultra Term + - $55 95 (DiskTape) Color Term + Plus + (V5.0)

145.95 (Disk Tape) WordPak (Includes a software driver so you can use your basic programs with no modlfii in most cases!) . $ 1.39.95 +

$n nos&H

Y (able S29.95 (Required if expansion port not used with disk drives) Complete Package Ultra Term + , Word Pak & V fable [subtract S2o.no |f not needed] is only S210.00

'Ultra Term -» supports the 80 column

board made by I'B.I, Inr If you already have the board, simply order the pro gram, but those of you who don't can get

a good deal.

"Parallel Printer Port from PH. I Inc tLess $10.00 restocking charge.

•Canadians'

Kellj Software Distributor* Lid

I'o Box 11982

Edmonton, Alberta,

|.|0;II4J1 MIMl!

mr ■* -m

[MajterCotdl

Double Den/itu, Softuiore 920 Baldwin Street Denton, Texas 76201 Phone 817/566-2004

Give up on Word Processors for Fost tetter Writing fr Moiling Labels

Instead use the

Reg.

$59.95

DATABASE/MAILER 2.0

& LETTER WRITER 2.0

for FAST single page letters or 1000's of form letters and labels

See excellent reviews in "Rainbow" magazine 1 2/83 and'Things to do with your Color Computer," in paperback by Dilithium Press.

/^

plus shipping

& handling

SALE ENDS ! June 15, 1984

NO WORD PROCESSING EXPERIENCE NECESSARY

- CC-DBM2/LW2 USES -

'%

Accounts Insurance Proposals Bulk Mail

Dental Recall Lost Card Reporting Change of Address Christmas Lists/Labels

• Churches

• Club Membership

• Realtor Listings

• Sales Records

&

i.

r$

- BIG SYSTEM FEATURES -

• Active menus guide you to valid operations,

• 32K system allows 68 to 454 records per file

• 1 6K system allows 1 3 to 95 records per (He

• 4-10 fields. 5 - 27 field widths. 20 - 270 char/record.

• All user definable with default values - simple.

• Memory sense adjusts files to system size

• FAST Key index sort by any field you choose

• Adjusts for empty address lines - no gaps

» up to 9 line labels with up lo 500 copies each. < Master two column printout with field names i Master printout includes date, paging & filename

> Selective printing by any field or field range.

> Accepts alpha or numeric zip codes up to 9 digits. ■ Partial or whole Item search by any chosen field

i Single screen 1 0 record display by any field

> Single key entry lor hard copy of screen data

( Fast single page letter writing with wordwrap.

) Embedded commands center, tab and line skip

i Full screen edit allows delete, insert A change

< Headings and closings are tabbed, spaced and printed - all automatically.

i No "Database Adventure" - over 40 page manual

i Manual includes program operation flowcharts

i Not needed, but included Is user modilicalion section

i And many more features - too numerous to list

We ship 1 st Class Mail within 24 hours

When ordering please provide: NAME ADDRESS CITY/STATE ZIP CODE PHONE TAPE Of DISK CREDIT CARD NO. EXP. DATE

Master Card holders — include interbank no.

^33

Call our 24 hour orderline

619-695-1385

or 61 9-566-601 3, 9 — 5 p.m. PST weekdays or send check or money order to:

EUS ENGJNEERJNG

9528 Suite 35, Miramar Road San Diego, CA 921 26

"Serving the Defense and Space Industry since 1979"

Please include the following: S3 postage and handling U.S. funds only CA residents add 6% tax COD orders add $2 Amdek disk add $2

Dealer inquiries invited

Personal checks - OK we won't make you wait.

Editor:

1 would like to pass on this information to the people who have been having problems with their computers shutting off on them.

The current sensing resistor R66 in the "D" board .33 OHM should be replaced with a high quality resistor. This particular type of resistor has the leads crimped to the resistive wire and is prone to open. I was experiencing problems with my computer quitting. Turning it off and on would sorne- limes correct it for a while. After I replaced it with a weld-bonded type of resistor all my problems went away.

Dean Broadhent Howell. Ml

BOUQUETS AND BRICKBATS

Editor:

I want to say some kind words about a lew of your advertisers. In December I ordered from both Computer Plus and MichTron. All I can say is that if every advertiser con- duets business like them, there are some mighty satisfied CoCo users out here. Like- wise, for a non-mail order company. The Program Store in Eatontown, N.J. is out- standing. I he managers are super nice and gladly let customers try the programs before buying. Even though I normally pay full list for what 1 buy and have to drive 65 miles to get there. I've saved myself that "ripped-off" feeling many times by trying before buying. If all the Program Stores operate this way they're well worth the visit.

Thanks again for an excellent magazine. Gene Gillam Bayonne, NJ

Editor:

I have recently purchased Complete Per- sonal Accountant software by Futurchouse on the recommendation of Rainhow and I am reasonably happy with the product even though the cost is quite high compared to other similar utilities.

The reason lor writing this letter is to point out to others, that to receive any soft- ware support lor this product you must send in an additional $20. In fact, if you call the company they will speak to you il you give them your VISA number.

I personally have not tried to call them but their literature slates that it is so.

This S20 lee is supposed to cover any future updates or additions to the product which is purported to he sent free pi charge.

I doubt that a company that charges for software support is about to send an update Iree Irom any lurther charges.

I would he interested in hearing ol any other experiences with this company.

Lawrepce B. Snyder Norristown, PA

Editor:

We would like to address our policy ol charging $20 for technical phone support to the end users of our Complete Personal Accountant. First, it is important to note- that not everyone who buys a home finance package needs technical support. As a mat-

ter of lact. less that 25 percent of our custo- mers inquire about our program. Keeping this in mind, we thought it would be unfair to incorporate the cost of technical support in the price of the package. Our technical support staff are all full-time, paid employees who do nothing but customer support work all day. There arc many companies which charge for their technical support programs. If we were to include the cost of technical support into the price of the CPA, the pack- age would cost $99.95! Instead, we thought it would be much more fair to charge $79.95 and let the end user decide if he or she wanted to pay for technical support.

John K. Wat kin Futureliouse

feet, is now ready to tackle the world. If only I can find all the parts!

Willa Stokes Philadelphia. PA

JURIS CORRESPONDENCE

Editor:

I use my computer primarily in support of my law practiccand find that the programs I locate with your assistance are very useful. I also correspond occasionally with Mr. Robert P. Wilkens. an attorney in Lexington. S.C. Mr. Wilkens is the president of R.P.W. Pub- lishing. Inc. which publishes The Lawyer's Microcomputer, a journal dedie.ji|(ed to the use of Radio Shack computers jipd related equipment in the practice of law. You may reach Mr. Wilkens at P.O. Box 1046. Lex- ington. S.C. 29072. The telephone number is (803) 359-9941.

I would also like to put in a good word for John Boals. president of PCLEAR 80. 494 Cline Avenue. Mansfield. Ohio. 44907. John has been most helpful in gathering and investigating, not to mention marketing, business applications for the CoCo. I have found his advice to be most helplul.

I am interested in corresponding with other attorneys who are using the CoCo in the practice of law. My CompuServe ID number is 71615.151 1; although 1 rarely use- it except for research (mainly security data). My address is 732 South Court St.. 44256. James N. Brown III Medina. OH

A FIRST CLASS TACKI.ER

Editor:

I enjoy your great magazine and was glad to hear that it is now sent second class mail. I was alraid sometimes that our mail per- sonnel found il so dynamite that they were not going to give it up.

It would be really great if electronics stores would start to advertise in your maga- zine. I'm in a Compuier Club and we arc presently making our own modems. Somcol the parts ate not carried by Radio Shack and are hard to get. Also, some of ihe hardware projects in your magazine, like the "Cheap- stick"(Feb! 1984. Page 186). are great too. and would be even greater if finding all the right parts was not so difficult.

Alter the "Letters to Rainhow" built up my confidence. I upgraded my CoCo to 64K. Between building the modem and "Cheap- stick." a woman like myself, with two left

BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEMS

Editor:

I am very pleased to announce the begin- ning of an all new Canadian Bulletin Board Service based in Port Mouton. Nova Scotia. The system fully supports up- and down- loading. E-Mail, on-line games, and many other features. The Great White North BBS is on-line 24 hours a day. seven days a week. There is no charge to use this BBS and all callers are welcome. (902) 683-2086.

Je/J Pyne. SYSOP Port Mouton. Nova Scotia

Editor:

We are a software and hardware company mainly supporting the CoCo. Wc are closely associated with the Color America Users Group in Southern California, but are not a specific entity of that group. For efficiency and expansion of services available to C.A. U.G.. E.D.C.. we started a new BBS called the Musashi Network. The number is: (213) 258-0640.

Felix P. Edwards Los Angeles. CA

Editor:

Elkins Institute in Dallas. Inc. would like you lo know about our new Bulletin Board, called CAREERS, that is now on-line 24 hours a day in Dallas. Texas. 1 his is a Color Computer BBS. but all others are welcome.

In addition to the electronic mail section, we also have a bulletins section that covers various aspects ol current career training. The merchandise section is very well pro- vided for by RAM Electronics. Comments and suggestions would be welcome on the BBS. and we hope to hear from your readers soon. The CAREERS BBS number is (214) 692-0513.

John Novocilskv Jr. Dallas. TX

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR are always welcome. Please keep them short if possible and we will try to answer some of the ques- tions in this column. Others may be left open for solutions by other users. In order to make space for as many letters as possible, we reserve the right to edit submissions- Letters can be sent to the RAINBOW, P.O. Box 209, Prospect. KY 40059.

May 19B4 the RAINBOW 13

PRINT #-2

i

T

lhanks to the installation of some new equipment at our printer's, last month's issue of the Rainbow was a little later than usual. That was good and bad.

The good part was that 1 was able to fill the first couple of paragraphs of this space with some news from R AINBOWfest- Long Beach; something 1 would not have been able to do had the printer handled the Rainbow on time as is usually the case.

The bad part of it all is that we were a tad late with last month's issue and this one arrives a couple of days less than the full month between issues. What happened? We can all sympathize with our printer: They bought a new piece of computer equipment that would make things "lots easier" for them — but there were a few interfacing problems.

How many times have we all heard that one? Oh well, the problems seem to have been licked as of this writing and we are back on schedule again.

And. yes, you did get a chance to read a little bit about Long Beach last month, but this month I get the opportunity to tell you even more about the show. It was really a great one! I think everyone, just about, had a fine time and the spirit of CoCo Community was very much in evidence.

My special thanks to Bob Albrecht, who was our keynote speaker at the CoCo Community Breakfast Saturday morning. And what a surprise — it was also Bob's birthday. How did I find out? Well. Don Inman told me. Bob was trying to keep it a deep secret. That didn't last long, either. Nor did the special cheesecake (for the big cheese) we had whipped up for Bob at the last minute.

1 think the greatest thing about RAINBOWfest is that it is a lot of fun for all. By the time you read this, our RAINBOWfest-New Brunswick will be history, too, and if you have not been to one ol our shows, there's only one chance left the Chicago show June 22-24 at the Hyatt-Regency Wood field. That was the site of CoCo's Very First Show a year ago. So. do plan to join us then if you have not been with us already. Or, as we say here in the South, "Do come again!"

By the way, the question I get asked most often at R AIN BOWfests is whether we will be back next year. Although at this writing the dates are not 100 percent firm, we do plan to do another series of RAINBOWfests in the 1984-85 "season."

Tentative plans call for a show in the Eastern part of the United States in the fall; a show in California during the winter and a return to Chicago in the spring - somewhat earlier than this year's Chicago show. There will be details (we hope) about sites and dates next month.

One of the things I like the most about RAINBOWfest is the opportunity to talk at some length with other members of the CoCo Community who attend each show. Long Beach was no exception; and one of the questions I was asked is one I would like to share with you for your input.

The issue was arcade-type games and the subject was whether I believed "winning" was an important issue that might be lacking from these games. Here's the thesis:

With most traditional games (board games, card games, simulation games and the like, whether written for a computer or not) the player has an opportunity to win the game. With most arcade games this is not the case all you can do is lose.

1 hink about it for a minute. You can play a game for hours and hours, mount up scores that are higher and higher (as our "Scoreboard" feature will attest), but. in the end. you always "lose"— you are always destroyed by the game.

The discussion I had in Long Beach centered around the fact that it might be better that the player should, at some point, be able to "win" the game that the game would, at some point, say "I lose and you win."

My point was that this would certainly decrease the payability of a game. Once the player won, all the challenge would be gone. The response was that there could be levels of play — as there are now

and that once someone won at a certain level, he or she could go on to the next one.

Some of you might consider this to be a fairly trivial issue, but the more I think about it. the more significant it becomes. Do we want our children (and ourselves, who play these games, too) to always be "losers." no matter how proficient we become? Should we encourage "winning".' Is it that important to be able to win all the time - or at least, have the chance to win? Or possibly, do we teach more about life by encouraging our youngsters (and ourselves) to always strive for something better.

(continued an Page 285)

14

the RAINBOW May 1984

the Color Computer Word Processor

3 display formats: 51/64/85

columns x 24 lines

True lower case characters

User -friendly full -screen

editor

Right justification

Easy hyphenation

Drives any printer

Embedded format and

control codes

Runs in 16K, 32K, or 64K

Menu-driven disk and

cassette I/O

No hardware modifications

required

THE ORIGINAL

Simply staled, Telewriter is ihc most powerful word processor you can buy for ihe TRS-80 Color Computer. The original Telewriter has received rave reviews in every major Color Computer and TRS-80 magazine, as well as enthusiastic praise from thousands of satisfied owners. And rightly so. The standard Color Computer display of 32 characters by 16 lines without lower case is simply inadequate for serious word processing. The checkerboard letters and liny lines give you no feel for how your writing looks or reads. Telewriter gives the Color Computer a 51 column by 24 line screen display with true lower case characters. So a Telewriter screen looks like a printed page, with a good chunk of text on screen at one lime. In fact, more on screen text than you'd gel with Apple II, Atari. Tl, Vic or TRS-80 Model III. On top of that, the sophisticated Telewriter full-screen editor is so simple to use, it makes writing fun. With single-letter mnemonic commands, and menu-driven I/O and formatting, Telewriter surpasses all others for user friendliness and pure power. Telewriter's chain printing feature means that the size of your text is never limited by the amount of memory you have, and Telewriter's advanced cassette handler gives you a powerful word processor without the major additional cost of a disk.

...one of Ihe best programs for the Color Computer I have seen...

— Color Computer News, Jan. 1982

TELEWRITER-64

But now we've added more power to Telewriter. Not just bells and whistles, but major features that give you total control over your writing. We call this new supercharged version Telewriter-64. For two reasons.

64K COMPATIBLE

Telewriter-64 runs fully in any Color Computer — 16K, 32K, or 64K, with or without Extended Basic, with disk or cassette or both. It automatically configures itself to take optimum advantage of all available memory. That means that when you upgrade your memory, the Telewriter-64 text buffer grows accordingly. In a 64K cassette based system, for example, you get about 40K of memory to store text. So you don't need disk or FLEX to put all your 64K to work immediately.

64 COLUMNS (AND 85!)

Besides the original 51 column screen, Telewriter-64 now gives you 2 additional high- density displays: 64 x 24 and 85 x 24!! Both high density modes provide all the standard Telewriter editing capabilities, and you can switch instantly to any of the 3 formats with a single control key command. The 5 1 x 24 display is clear and crisp on the screen. The two high density modes are more crowded and less easily readable, but they arc perfect for showing you the exact layout of your printed page, all on the screen at one time. Compare this with cumbersome "windows" that show you only fragments at a time and don't even allow editing.

RIGHT JUSTIFICATION & HYPHENATION

One outstanding advantage ot the lull-width screen display is that you can now set the screen width to match the width of your printed page, so that "what you see is what you get." This makes exact alignment of columns possible and it makes hyphenation simple.

Since short lines are the reason for the large spaces often found in standard right justified text, and since hyphenation is the most effective way to eliminate short lines, Telewriter-64 can now promise you some of the best looking right justification you can get on the Color Computer.

FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS:

Printing and formatting: Drives any primer (LPVII/VIII, DMP-100/200. Epson. Okidata. Centronics, NEC, C. Iioh, Smith-Corona, Tcrminei. etc).

Embedded conirol codes give full dynamic access 10 intelligent primer features like: underlining, subscript superscript, variable font and type size, dot- graphics, etc.

Dynamic (embedded) format controls for: lop, bottom, and left margins; line length, lines per page, line spacing, new page, change page numbering, conditional new page, enable/disable justification. Menu-driven control of these parameters, as well as: pause at page bottom, page numbering, baud rate (so you can run your printer at top speed), and Epson font. "Typewriter" feature sends typed lines directly to your printer, and Direct mode sends control codes right from the keyboard. Special Epson driver simplifies use with MX-80.

Supports single and multi-line headers and automatic centering. Prim or save all or any section of the text buffer. Chain print any number of files from cassette or disk.

File and I/O Features: ASCII format files — create and edit BASIC, Assembly. Pascal, and C programs, Smart Terminal files (for uploading or downloading), even text files from other word processors. Compatible with spelling checkers (like Spell 'n Fix).

Cassette verify command for sure saves. Cassette auto- retry means you type a load command only once no matter where you arc in the tape. Read in, save, partial save, and append files with disk and/or cassette. For disk: print directory with free space to screen or printer, kill and rename files, set default drive. Easity customized to the number of drives in the system.

Editing features: Fast, full-screen editor with wordwrap, block copy, block move, block delete, line delete, global search and replace (or delete), wild card search, fast auto-repeat cursor, fast scrolling, cursor up. down, right, left, begin line, end line, top of text, bottom of lext; page forward, page backward, align text. tabs, choice of buff or green background, complete error protection, line counter, word counter, space left, current file name, default drive in effect, set line length on screen.

Insert or delete text anywhere on the screen without changing "modes." This fast "free-form" editor provides maximum ease of use. Everything you do appears immediately on the screen in front of you. Commands require only a single key or a single key plus CLEAR.

...truly a state of the art word processor... outstanding in every respect.

— The RAINBOW, Jan. 1982

RAINBOW

ce»Tiric»Tio»i

SEAL

PROFESSIONAL WORD PROCESSING

You can no longer afford to be without the power and efficiency word processing brings to everything you write. The TRS-80 Color Computer is the lowest priced micro with the capability for serious word processing. And only Tclcwriter-64 fully unleashes that capability.

Telewriter-64 costs $49.95 on cassette, $59.95 on disk, and comes complete with over 70 pages of well-written documentation. (The step- by-step tutorial will have your writing with Telewriter-64 in a matter of minutes.) To order, send check or money order to:

Cognitec

704 Nob Street

Del Mar, CA 92014 Or check your local software store. If you have questions, or would like to order by Visa or Mastercard, call us at (619) 755-1258 (weekdays, 8AM -4PM PST). Dealer inquiries invited.

(Add 52 Tor shipping. California™ add 6*. state ta«. Allow 2 weeks for personal checks. Send self-addressed stamped envelope for Telewriter reviews from CCN, RAINBOW. 80-Micro, 80-l_'.S. Telewriter owners: send SASE or call Tor information on upgrading to Telewritcr-64. Telewriter- compatible spelling checker (Spell 'n Fis) and Smart Terminal program (Colorcom/E! also available. Call or write for more information.)

Apple It is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.; Atari ts a trademark of Atari. Inc.; TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp; MX-KO is a trademark of Epson America. Inc.

CONNECTION SOFTWARE

1060 Buddlaa Dr.. Sandy. Ultti 84070 18011 571-5023 • *••••••••****

MEGAMUNK 'XT

A fantastic new Hi-res strategic ar- cade game with animated movement! As a soldier/monkey ot fortune, you have been commissioned by the king to save the forest from its enemies. Fulfill the assignment and be knighted a monkey of the round table.

32k cas $21.95 32k disk $23.95 -=5.

COLOR DESIGNER WB

The ultimate Hi-Hes Graphics Pro- cessor1 " Great lor doodling, sketching, and most of all, creating entire graohics screens. Ootions include; 8 key cursor control with key repeat. Draw command that follows your cursor. FILL command that "PAINTS" the screen with more than 1 000 different color/texture combinations, and much much more1 1

16/32K cas $26 95 disk $28.95 ,_

QUIZ ALL "-0?

A versatile quiz program Has study and test formats and allows printing of quiz. Even includes an option for the computer to generate multiple choice answers !

cas $18 95 disk $20 95

COMPU SCRIBE B.S.A.

Need some help with scout records? Compu Scribe keeps tabs on the whole troop and creates printouts by scout, by rank, or alphabetically. Requires a printer with 132 character mode, availabe on disk only - $26.95

OKI DUMP

Eight bit screen dump from C0C0 to an Okidata printer without dot addressable graphics' Includes hints on printing pic- tures of game screens, etc. ("The King" by Tom Mix. is the example) a steal at

16K cas $8.95 16K disk $10.95

Ctll or ""le tor our tree newsletter.

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All casseue orders include dish version on casselte with insiruclions lo Iransler lo disk Unless otner wise specified, programs reoutre 16k extended to' cssselte or 32K extended lor dish Add $2 00 shipp mg and nandhng Ulan residents add 5''.°i sales tax Orders paid by personal check allow 1-2 weeks. all others shipped within 48 hours No COD

To order, call 24 hours a day or write

COLOR CONNECTION SOFTWARE

1060 Buddlea Drive. Sandy. Utah 84070

For information:

Call Weekdays between 6 30 pm and 10 pm MST

(801) 571-5023

BUILDING MAYS RAINBOW

Our Printer Issue . . .

Heading For New Brunswick Edition . . . Plus, A CoCo Rock Festival . . .

In his review of.larb Software's "talking" Spell-A-Tron this month. Bruce Rothermel hit a responsive chord with me. In explaining that many words need to be spelled phonetically in order to sound right when the Votrax voice synthesizer "speaks" them, he wonders if the same word will he spelled variously according to the region of the country the program user lives in. That observa- tion brought back memories.

As sometimes happens when you live in a very small town, my third grade teacher was also my mother. On occasion, she was also the spelling bee judge as well asenunciator. One particular time, now indelibly etched in my memory, all that stood between me and victory was the final word. She pronounced it twice as l strained to listen: "whey-air, "she said, "whey-air." My heart pounded; I had never, ever heard of this word.

Valiantly. I gave it a shot. "Whey-air." I said. "W-H-A-l-R." "Wrong." she said. "Whey-air is spelled W-H-E-R-E." What? Where?? I was robbed, I thought. "But Mom. why didn't you just say 'whurr,'" 1 protested — for weeks on end. If only she had said "whurr." I'd haveaced out the little girl with the long blond hair and won the spelling bee and lived happily ever after. As it was. for years. / thought I was right and she was wrong and held a secret grudge against my third grade teacher — my own mother, yet — for "doing me in."

Thanks to the advent of microprocessor technology, now every parent can blame it on the computer if Johnny can't spell. Actually. I like the "analog dimension." the shades of gray, that phonetic spelling brings to the otherwise "either or" digital device we call a Color Computer; it adds a personal touch to our CoCo that it can not only "talk" but do so with a regional accent.

But this is our printer issue isn't it? And the impact of computer printers is definitely toward standardization of the printed word. Right? Only at first glance. On closer examination, with printers as well, the premium is on personal- ization. The ultimate printer, it would seem, would be one that writes illumi- nated script with a quill pen. albeit at 9600 Baud. While the technology is here for scanners to "read" an entire printed page at a glance, the rush is to make one's own printer as distinctive and different as computerly possible. Rainbow can help.

In this printer issue, we have everything from a "postcard whacker" to a banner program for the Color Graphics Printer 220. Dennis Weide delves into "Printer Magic" while Mike Himowitz provides another "Printer Mystery." Damon Swanson makes our good spooler even better and Tom Szlucha pro- vides not only a graphics screen dump, but also a label-making program for the little CGP-1 15. Dot matrix printer owners, don't despair. Charles M. Thonen has a mailing label program for you. too.

Fred Scerbo has a printer's delight pumping out of our "Wishing Well" this month with his "CoCo Rock Festival" and coloring book programs. Tom Nelson digresses from his legal advice to provide counsel on selecting a printer and Mike Fahy shows us how to create Old English. Italics and Futuristic typefaces on the LP. VII or DM P- 1 00 in his tutorial on dot graphics.

Our "CoCo Clubs" quarterly roundup of user groups appears in this issue, and that's all the transition I need to issue my monthly invitation to you to join the growing club of Rainbow readers. For S28. you get about 1 5 pounds of Rainbow club materials in the form of a 340-plus page monthly magazine and we share our vast library with you by printing a couple ol dozen program listings in every issue for you to key in and use. As clearly as I can say it. without spelling it out aloud, we hope you'll consider a "sub-skrip-shun."

— Jim Reed

16

the RAINBOW May 1984

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PRINTER UTILITY

I. Weide-

/inter Magic is a program that lets you lake advantage of your printer's special capabilities by embedding con- — trol codes in a BASIC program. I be use of embedded control codes allows von to highlight a line, change print size or even feed to top of form. These codes take up very little memory (one byte per code) and will function whether using PRlNTtt-2 statements or listing a program to your printer. Once embedded in your program, tliev can be saved to tape or disk.

In order to understand bow Printer Mugic works, it is necessary to know bow a BASK program is stored in memory. We will follow a step-by-step procedure as we work our way through the program. Since most people think in decimal, ail numbers will be decimal unless otherwise noted.

If you have Kxtended Color BASK, type and [ENTER] POKE 25,6:NEW. This will reset the start of BASK pointer back to address 1 537, eliminating graphics pages the same as if you had Color bask only.

Use Figures I and 2 and the BASK disassembler to examine memory contents, lirst, type in the BASIC disassembler (pro- gram Listing I). Now enter this line exactly as listed: 10 PRINW'2, "III ". When you run the program, enter 1(1 for the line number prompt, ligure 1 is a block layout of memory

■I H

18 the RAINBOW May 1984

BYTE NUMBER OF PROGRAM

1 1537

DECIMAL ADDRESS

CONTENTS OF ADDRESS

6

1538

3

1539

4

1540

10

0

1

1

5

6

7

1541

1542

1543

135

35

172

8

9

10

1544

1545

1546

2

44

34

11

12

1547

154B

32

72

13

14

15

1549

1550

1551

73

tt

34

16

1552 9

17 !

1553

9 !

DISASSEMBLED LINE 10 PRINT.-2. HI

r i

B m a

I

Z 3

B

a Q

5

3 i-

u)

cc

u

z o

a

UJ

a

UJ

Z

< 13

c

cc

a

cc cc o U u. O e

UJ

o

D Z lu Z

s

UJ

P

<

cc

o

u. UJ

o

O

u

a O

I

u

<

I ■J) (0

o

cc o a

o

a

o o

0 <

a:

UJ

a

5 3 Z

UJ

u >

UJ

5

Ul

z

Ul

3

z 5 cr

o

o o o

o.

o

t 3

-S O

cc a cc

E

z

Q

o u

u

Ul

<

<

5 S O

u

c

0

□ g o

5

Ul

3

<

K

0

3

o

cc O

D O U

UJ

U <

a

n

z

CC

a

IL

UJ

Q

O

I CC

o

u.

UJ

o o o

< a ui

z 5

CD

CC

O

o u

2 5

cc

o

o O o

o

U)

< <

cc

<

z 0 >- <

o 3 o

a

o

Ul UJ

o o

o o

o u

o

u

Ul

<

s <

cc o o

cc

o

UJ

I

a

5

<

cc

a o cc a.

t-

X

UJ

z

u. O

UJ

c

CO

FIGURE I

>

-VARIABLE FIELD (250 BYTES MAXIMUM LENGTH).

<

IF < 128. TREATED AS ASCII CHARACTER IF=> 128. TREATED AS BASIC OPCODE

locations and their contents. Figure 2 represents a printout of the disassembled line. In Figure 2, the program line number is printed followed by the start address of this line and the next line.

(Dennis Weide is a communications technician with a large telecommunica- tions company. He leaches BASIC in the evenings and writes articles and pro- grams in his spare time.)

Beneath this, each memory location has its contents displayed as a number or character. Memory values from 33 to 1 27 are printed as ASCI l characters. All other values are printed as decimal numbers. This allows you to recognize characters easily.

To find the first address of a BASIC program, look at the start of basic pointer (addresses 25 and 26). Use the following command to compute the

start address:

PRINT PEEK(25)*256+PEEK(26).

The first two bytes of a basic pro- gram line point to the start address of the next program line. The next two bytes contain the current line number. Figure l shows how to compute start address and line number.

The fifth byte is the start of the varia- ble field. If the contents of any of these

FIGURE 2

10 PRINT#--2,M HI "

LINE NUMBER 10 THIS ADDRESS- 768 5

NEXT ADDRESS* 7637

30 1~ 0 10 135 4* 172 2," 32 HI 32 " 0

Try this- POKE 7691,31:POKE 7694,30

10 PRIHT#-2,"HI "

LINE NUMBER 10 THIS ADDRESS* 7681

NEXT ADDRESS"

17 0 10 135 # 172 2 HI 30 " 0

■

May 1984 the RAINBOW 19

addresses is greater than 1 27, the BASIC interpreter will treat it as a BASIC opcode or mathematical function. Throughout the entire variable field, any address thai holds a value greater than 127 is treated as an opcode. Values of 127 or less are treated as ASCI I characters. If a byte contains 255. the opcode is consid- ered a two-byte opcode and the next byte is the second half of the command. In Figure I. the first two bytes point to 1553 for the start of the next line. If line 10 is the only line in the program, addresses 1553 and 1554 will both con- tain zeros to indicate the end of the BASIC program. Addresses 1541 to 1552 make up the variable field. The last address. 1 552. contains a zero and marks the end of the current program line. Disassemble more lines to familiarize yourself with the program and how it's stored in memory. Tables I, 2 and 3 are provided to help you break down the codes. Press [BREAK] when you are finished to exit the program.

To see how you can use this informa- tion to enhance your programs and list- ings, look at the Line Printer VII con- trol codes (Table 4). There are more codes than listed, but for the purpose of this article, these are enough. The fol- lowing ideas will work with any stand- ard printer if you substitute the proper control codes for the ones listed.

Back in Figure I. address 1 547 stores a value of 32. Since this is a character code(ASCII). it will print a blank space when sent to the printer. If you POKE& value of 31 into that address, the printer will be set to large font when this line is listed to the printer. If you POKE address 1550. which also stores a 32. to ASCII code 30. the printer will be reset to small font at [he end of the line. When you run or list the program to the print- er, the word "HI" will be printed in large block letters. When printing or listing to the screen, the control codes are trans- parent to the computer. Figure 2 shows the line as listed before embedding codes, then shows the disassembled line. You can use the POKE commands in the figure and then disassemble the line again. When you LLIST the pro- gram line, the "HI "is in large letters and the rest of the line is in small letters. Now run line 10. Again, the word "HI" is printed in large letters.

It is too time consuming to PEEK and POKE addresses to embed your codes in a program. But Primer Magic does the job quickly and easily. It uses special characters (see Table 5) which you type in your program. Look at List- ing 2. In line 5. the program looks at the

start of basic pointer to compute the start address of your BASIC program. Line 6 looks at the second two bytes of the program line to calculate the line number. Line 7 calculates the start address of the next line and saves it as a variable. Line 8 checks to see if the cur-

"// is too time consuming to PEEK and POKE addresses to embed your codes in a program. But Printer Magic does the job quickly and easily. "

rent line number matches the one you requested. If not, the program goes back to line 6 with a new address and starts looking again. If it is. lines 9 through 14 read the variable field and change any of the special symbols to the

proper control codes. Lines 15 and 16 allow another line selection and line 17 checks to see if your last line number is lower than the previous one. If lower, the program returns to the start of BASIC pointer; otherwise it will continue down the line.

I have included examples 1 . 2 and 3 to show what Primer Magic can do. Each example lists the line with the special symbols before running Primer Magic and with the control codes after running it.

The best way to utilize embedded codes is in string variables. DATA statements and REMark statements.

When writing a program, save a final copy before running Primer Magic to insure that you do not accidently poke a control code where it can cause prob- lems. You can load Primer Magic before writing your program or load it back- lo-back with your program when ready to embed codes.

Since both programs are written in BASIC, you can modify them easily. And I'm sure you can find more interesting ways to utilize both programs. In the meantime, you can enhance your favor- ite program listings and printouts for eye appeal and easier reading.

TABLE 1

BASIC OPCODES

KEY

KEY

KEY

CODE WORD

CODEWORD

CODE WORD

128

FOR

154

CLOSE

180

<

129

GO

155

LLIST

181

DEL

130

REM

156

SET

182

EDIT

131

•

157

RESET

183

TRON

132

ELSE

158

CLS

184

TROFF

133

IF

159

MOTOR

185

DEF

134

DATA

160

SOUND

186

LET

135

PRINT

161

AUDIO

187

LINE

136

ON

162

EXEC

188

PCLS

137

INPUT

163

SKIPF

189

PSET

138

END

164

TAB(

190

PRESET

139

NEXT

165

TO

191

SCREEN

140

DIM

166

SUB

192

PCLEAR

141

READ

167

THEN

193

COLOR

142

RUN

168

NOT

194

CIRCLE

143

RESTORE

169

STEP

195

PAINT

144

RETURN

170

OFF

196

GET

145

STOP

171

+

197

PUT

146

POKE

172

-

198

DRAW

147

CONT

173

•

199

PCOPY

148

LIST

174

/

200

PMODE

149

CLEAR

175

A

201

PLAY

150

NEW

176

AND

202

DLOAD

151

CLOAD

177

OR

203

RENUM

152

CSAVE

178

>

204

FN

153

OPEN

179

=

205

USING

20

the RAINBOW May 1984

TABLE 2

TABLE 3

TWO BYTE BASIC OPCODES

ASCII CHARACTER CODES

CODES KEYWORD CODES

KEYWORD

ASCII

CODE SYMBOL

ASCII ASCII

CODE SYMBOL CODE SYMBOL

255 + 128 SGN 255 + 145

POINT

255 + 129 INT 255 + 146

INKEYS

32

SPACE

64

@

96

\

255 + 130 ABS 255 + 147

MEM

33

1

65

A

97

a

255 + 131 USR 255 + 148

ATN

34

»

66

B

98

b

255 + 132 RND 255 + 149

COS

35

#

67

C

99

c

255 + 133 SIN 255 + 150

TAN

36

$

68

D

100

d

255 + 134 PEEK 255 + 151

EXP

37

%

69

E

101

e

255 + 135 LEN 255 + 152

FIX

38

&

70

F

102

f

255 + 136 STRS 255 + 153

LOG

39

»

71

G

103

g

255 + 137 VAL 255 + 154

POS

40

(

72

H

104

h

255 + 138 ASC 255 + 155

SQR

41

)

*

73

I

105

j

255 + 139 CHR$ 255 + 156

HEXS

42

74

J

106

J k

255 + 140 EOF 255 + 157

VARPTR

43

+

75

K

107

255 + 141 JOYSTK 255 + 158

INSTR

44

t

76

L

108

I

255 + 142 LEFTS 255 + 159

TIMER

45

m

77

M

109

m

255 + 143 RIGHTS 255 + 160

PPOINT

46

78

N

110

n

255 + 144 MIDS 255 + 161

STRINGS

47

1

79

O

111

0

48

0

80

P

112

P

49 50

1 2

81 82

Q R

113 114

q

r

51

3

83

S

115

s

TABLE 4

52

4

84

T

116

t

CONTROL CODES FOR LPVII

53

5

85

U

117

u

54

6

86

V

118

V

55

7

87

w

119

w

FUNCTION CODE (ASCII]

56

8

88

X

120

X

57

9

89

Y

121

y

58

;

90

z

122

z

LINE FEED/CARRIAGE RETURN

10

59

.

91

[

\

123

CARRIAGE RETURN ONLY

26

60

<

92

124

,

LARGE FONT

31

61

93

]

125

I

SMALL FONT

30

62

>

94

A

126

I^J

63

?

95

-

127

TABLE 5

SYMBOLS USED FOR PRINTER MAGIC PROGRAM

MEMORY

CODE CONTROL

VALUE

SYMBOL NAME

(CHR$) FUNCTION

91

[

LEFT BRACKET

31

SET LARGE FONT

93

]

RIGHT BRACKET

30

SET SMALL FONT

94

t

UP ARROW

10

LF/CR

95

LEFT ARROW

26

LF W/O CR

May 1984 the RAINBOW

21

SAMPLES 1,2ft 3

Example #1 Large Fopt

Before Embedding Codes

100 REM CEXflMPLE #13

After Embedding Codes

10e REM EXRMPLE ** 1

Example #2 Line Feed With Highlight

Before Embedding Codes

100 REM '"-EXAMPLE #2_EXflMPLE #2_EXRMPLE #2 After Embedding Codes

100 REM EXAMPLE #2

Example #3 Large Font Highlighted Before Embedding Codes

100 REM •'••-CEXPIMPLE #3_EXflMPLE #3_EXflMPLE #33'

After Embedding Codes

100 REM

EXAMPLE 4*3

Listing 1:

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After first helping you organize your present assets, the model projects these assets to their value at the retirement age you select. Using your assets at retirement as a base, a detailed cash flow analysis is conducted for each year of your retirement.

The variables shown above are considered in all calculations. Each analysis stops when you either run out of funds or reach the age of 100. The model is designed for "what if" analysis and optional printer output. A vital tool for comprehensive retirement planning. Fully documented.

Requires 16K exl. basic. Specify if for 32K CoCo. II.

III. residents add 8% sales tax

Tape $34.95 Disc $39.95

A&P SOFTWARE

P.O. Box 202

Glenview, IL

60025

20 21 22 23 24 LN 25 26 27

BASIC DISASSEMBLER BY DENNIS H. WEIDE COPYRIGHT <C) 1983

POKE 153,24

CLS: INPUT "ENTER LINE NUMBER"!

PR I NT#-2 , " L I NE NUMBER " ; LN , ADDRESS=PEEK <25) *256+PEEK (26) NUMBER=PEEK ( ADDRESS+2) *256+PE EK(ADDRESS+3>

28 NADDRESS=PEEK ( ADDRESS ) *256+PE EK< ADDRESS+ 1)

29 IF LN=NUMBER THEN 30 ELSE ADD RESS=NADDRESS:80T0 27

30 PRINT#-2,"THIS ADDRESS= " ADDRE SS,

31 PRINT#-2, "NEXT ADDRESS="NADDR ESS

32 PRINT#-2 FOR X=ADDRESS TO ADDRESS+3 PRINT#-2,PEEK<X) »:NEXT X FOR X-ADDRESS+4 TO NADDRESS-1 IF PEEK(X>>127 OR PEEK(X)<33

THEN PRINT#-2,PEEK(X) I ELSE PR IN

T#-2, CHR* <PEEK ( X ) ) J

37 NEXT X

PRINT#-2,STRING*<3, 10)

PN=LN

INPUT "ENTER LINE NUMBER" ; LN

PR I NT#-2 , " L I NE NUMBER ■ ; LN ,

IF LN<PN THEN 26 ELSE 27

33 34 35 36

38 39 40 41 42

Listing 2:

PRINTER MAGIC BY DENNIS H. WEIDE COPYRIGHT 1983 CLS: INPUT "ENTER LINE NUMBER" J L

ADDRESS=PEEK (25) *256+PEEK <26) NUMBER-PEEK < ADDRESS+2) *256+PEE K (ADDRESS+3)

7 N ADDRESS=PEEK ( ADDRESS ) *256+PEE K(ADDRESS+1)

8 IF LN=NUMBER THEN 9 ELSE ADDRE SS=NADDRESS:GOTO 6

9 FOR X=ADDRESS+5 TO NADDRESS-2

10 IF PEEK(X)=91 THEN POKE X,31

11 IF PEEK (X) =93 THEN POKE X,30

12 IF PEEK(X)=94 THEN POKE X,10

13 IF PEEK (X) =95 THEN POKE X,26

14 NEXT X

15 ADDRESS=NADDRESS:PL=LN

16 INPUT "ENTER LINE NUMBER" ; LN

17 IF LN=<PL THEN 5 ELSE 6

22

Ihe RAINBOW May 1984

PRINTER UTILITY

64K

Make The Good Spooler Better

By Damon Swanson

Sieve Good's Spooler [the Rainbow. June '83) is an excellent example of using the Color Computer in a multitasking mode. This means that your CoCo can do two jobs at one time. (We'll be hearing a lot more about that as people start using the OS-9 operating system.) There were, however, two things that limited the program lor my use. First, it stole graphic memory, and second, it would not work with Radio Shack's Screen Prim program.

With a working 64K system, it is a simple matter to move the spool buffer from graphic memory to the 32K of hidden RAM and in the process create a buffer large enough for almost any need. The first program provides a patch to Mr. Good's spooler to do just that.

The modification ol Radio Shack's SCRPRT routine to work with the Good Spooler and provide lull compatibility with the disk operating system is a little more complex. The second part ol this article show show to append SCRPRTU) the Spooler and patch it for lull disk operations.

32K Spooler

If you have a good 64K CoCo. you can easily modify the Good Spooler to use the 32K of RAM not accessed by BASIC as the print buffer. Load Good's source listing in your assembler then make the following changes referenced to its current line numbers.

First, change the origin from screen memory to the lop of BASIC RAM:

00020

ORG S7F65

"I his means, of course, that you must reserve memory for the program by a CLEAR &H7F65 before RUNning the program. Change the end of buffer previously in low RAM

I Damon Swanson manages lid engineers anil technicians in the engineering test department of a major high-tech com- pany. His computer hobby keeps him from meddling in the work of his staff, which includes programming M6H09 and M68Q0 microprocessors to solve special measurement and lest problems.)

to the lop of the 32K RAM page:

00200 LDX #SFEFF

Also change the beginning of buffer to the start of the upper RAM page:

00220 LDX #58000

00790 LDX AS8000

I have made buffer references absolute so that the driver can be relocated anywhere in low memory.

Now we arc ready to add the code that switches from the ROM (Type 0) to the RAM (Type I) memory map before each load or store to the buffer and to switch back after- ward. Do this by adding lines:

00405

Cl.R

SFFDF

00415

Cl.R

SFFDE

00745

Cl.R

SFFDF

00755

CLR

SFFDE

Finally, delete line 00880 (we don't need this reference anymore) and Sooper Spooler is ready to assemble.

You now have a print buffer considerably larger than the memory available lor UASK programs, and a direct way to use that extra memory. Since our new buffer is located nicely out ol graphic space, one thing we might use it lor is to speed up the Screen Print routine.

Compatible Screen Print

Before we can use Spooler with Radio Shack's SCRPRT program there are two problems to solve. SCRPRTmust be relocated and then patched so that it uses BASIC I . I's regular 8-bit print driver. Otherwise, its print routine will not com- municate with Spooler. SCRPRTiS one of the worst exam- ples ol 6809 code I've ever seen. It is completely position dependent and almost defies relocation.

Fortunately, lorn Goodrick came to the rescue with a program to do this relocation.

Tom's trick uses the fact that the Hex values 3D. 3E and 3F. representing the most significant byte ol every absolute address in the SCRPR T program, appear nowhere in the

May 1984 the RAINBOW 23

t— r-

program except as absolute addresses. As a result, we can simply run through the listing with a short basic program that adds S40 offset each time it encounters one of the offending Hex values.

The BASK program of Listing I uses Mr, Good rick's scheme in a different and simpler program. Enter the basic program, then put the SCRPRTlape in the recorder. Press [I'l.AY| and run the program. When the [OK] prompt appears, CSAVEM to tape or SAVEM on disk using &H7 DH0.&H7 FFF.&H7 D80 as the START. END and EXECUTE parameters. Our Spooler patch will correct some oilier deficiencies.

Modify the revised Spooler source to locate it in front of the screen print routine overwriting SCRPRT's initializa- tion which is no longer used.

000211

ORG

S7CT4

Add to Spooler's initialization section the lines from SCRPRT's code that sets up to look for and respond to the up arrow:

0026 1

1 D.\

»S7IWK

00262

SIX

SI 61*

00263

1 DA

«S7F

00264

SI A

SI6A

Delete line 00710. This line changes a carriage return to a line leed. hut the RS line Printer VII and DMP-IOOs require a distinction for the two passes required to print a lull screen ol graphics.

See Page 145

a lot of software for a little silver

Delete the END statement in line 00890. then add the source of Listing 2 to your assembly. Note that this code changes the command key from the up arrow to the down arrow as suggested by (ioodriek to free the up arrow for normal line editing.

Assemble this code. From BASK. CLEA R 200.&H7CF4. CLOA DM or I..OA DM the relocated SCtf/Wfollowed by the patched Spooler. Then type EXEC. Draw something on the graphic screen, then hit the [SHIFT] and [l]|() "">' it out. The machine returns to your use a lew seconds alter the [I] command for a screen dump that normally takes several minutes to print.

Before turning off the computer. CSA I EM or SA I'EM your patched program using &H7CF4.&H7 FFF and AH7€F4»s the STA RT. ENDand E.XECL T£ parameters.

With these programs and the substantial 32K buffer, you may never need to wait on your slow printer again.

Listing I:

BASIC program to relocate Radio Shack's SCR PRT pro- gram to reside at the top of a 32K memory.

10 'RELOCATE SCRPRT TO TOP OF 32

K

20 CLEAR 200,8<H7D80

30 CL0ADM"9CRPRT",&H4000:, RELOC

ATE TO &H7D80

40 FOR I=&H7D80 TO &H7FAE

50 V=PEEK(I)

60 IF V>&H3C AND V<&H40 THEN POK

E I,V+8cH40

70 NEXT I

80 END

Listing 2:

An EDTASM+ patch for Radio Shack's Screen Prim program allowing it to be used with Steve Good's Spooler.

00880

mmummnmimni

008*0 »PATCH FOR RELOCATED SCPRT TO USE BASIC 1,1 DRIVER

OHM

«BV D. SNAN90N 3 AU6. 1983

00910

00920

00930

• CHANBE CHARACTER INPUT TO BISK REFERENCE (LEAVE OUT

00950

•THESE LINES IF YOU HAVE NO BISKI

00960

7B9C

00970

ORG I7B9C

7D9C 7E

C58F

00980 00990

JHP ICS8F

01000

i CHANGE KEY-SCAN TO CLEAR BUFFER FLA6

01010

7HI

01020

0R8 I7BA1

7DAI BO

AI79

01030 01040

JSR IAI79

01030

> CHANBE CONTROL KEY TO BONN ARR0N (PER 800DRICK)

01040

7BA4

01070

0R6 I7BA4

7DA4 81

SB

01080 01090

CNPA II5B

01100

i CHANBE PRINT OUT TO 1.1*9 B-IIT DRIVER

7F4A

OHIO

0R6 I7F6A

7F4A C4

FE

01120

LDB HFE

7F4C B7

4F

01130

9TB I6F

7F6E 4£

If A002

01140

JHP (IA0021

7CF4

01150

ENB ENTRY <&»

24

Ihe RAINBOW May 1984

The joystick that sets you free!

The one-hand operation of this fantastic new joystick will truly set you free and increase the pleasure of playing your favorite video games. The smoothness and responsiveness of this unique joystick that operates completely

without a Pase is something to Pe experienc- ed. AvailaPle direct from us or from your inde- pendent computer retail store. (See Pelow)

$49.95

suggested retail

STOP changing Printer and Modem caPles! Our Parallel Printer interface provides Switch Sel- ectable Printer or Modem operations for Poth Coco and MC10. it features switchaPle baud rates from 300 to 9600. it comes complete with power supply, modem caPle and "Centronics" type print- er caPle. For Basic 1.1 and later revisions.

AvailaPle direct from us or from your independent computer retail store. (See Pelow)

Only $89.95

suggested retail

/\|%|% Computer P. O. Drawer 55868

l^wll Products, Inc. Houston, Texas 77055

713/956-0207 When ordering direct from PBH please enclose S3.00 per item for shipping.

CoCo

Serial /Parol Id Interface

Stocking Compukil Houston, TX. 77059

Distributors

Spectrum Protects Woodhaven, N.Y. 11421

Authorized Dealers

Endicoll Computer Software A Accessories Huntsvllle. AL 35801

TRSTECH Computer Services Houston, TX. 77033

Computers. Etc. Austin. TX, 78745

Chips. Incorporated Atlanta. GA. 30340

The Computer Store Jasper. IN. 47156

Computers & More Huntsville, TX. 77340

Clnsolt Cincinnati, OH, 45237

Computer Associates West Fargo, N Dak. 58078

The Software Connection Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33319

The Photo Shop Radio Shack Wllmar.MN. 56201

EDC Industries Los Angeles, CA 90042

Computer Plus, Inc. Littleton. MA. 01460

Colorware. Inc. Woodhaven. N.Y. 11421

Patterson Electronics Mountain View. AR. 72560

Sound Center Radio Shack

Whiterock. N.M. 87644

& Los Alamos. N.M. 87544

Turtle Micro Ware East Lime, CT. 06333

RAINBOWfest Report:

Even without corn dogs, it was a three- ring circus weekend for thousands at Long Beach

Breaktast keynoter Bob Albrechl (above) celebrated his birthday at RAINBOWIest. The crush ol people In the main ballroom exhibit hall (below) gave the three-day event a carnival flavor.

Sherry Zuehlke, pretldent ol the South Bey Color Computer Club, served on the women's program panel.

The crowd at Computerware (above) wanted pro- grams while books were the thing at the Dyma* booth (below).

/

For a fleeting weekend, Feb. 17-19, Long Beach, Calif., became CoCo Beach as more than 8,000 Color Com- puter users flocked to the Hyatt Regency and packed the exhibit hall and seminar rooms to learn about the latest devel- opments for our favorite personal com- puter.

Our second RAINBOWfest of the season drew people from as far away as Canada. Panama and even England. Those of us from the colder regions enjoyed the palm trees and sunshine even if the weather was a bit brisk for the beach. Content to stay inside, we followed the crowd headed for the main ballroom exhibit hall.

It was like a three-ring circus at times with seminars competing with Radio Shack's CoCo Classroom, and both running during exhibition hall hours. The litany of CoCo Community per- sonalities attending is too long to recite here, but it ranged from CoCo estab- lishment types like Bob Albrecht and Don lnman to real comers like Roger Schragand controversial mavericks like Dr. Marty Goodman.

RAINBOWfest CoCo Beach provided a chance for in-depth, one-on-one ex- planations when time permitted as well as aisle-blocker, crowd-stopper demos that reminded one of the state fair mid- way barkers hawking vegetable slicer- dicers. Most of those attending were so engrossed in examining the newest in software and hardware that when the Rainbow's Jim Reed mistakenly an- nounced that the Radio Shack booth was closing out its 64K ECB machines forjust$l49. it caused nostiratall.No. there were no corn dogs, but an elabo- rate Hyatt sandwich station just outside the ballroom drew a lot of takers.

By the end of each day. most people had plenty to fill their shopping bags: souvenir tee-shirts to arcade games, database programs to hard disk drives.

Will we be back next year? You bet! And, in the meantime, we'll visit New Brunswick (March 30-April I ) and Chi- cago (June 22-24). The CoCo Commun- ity and RAINBOWfest are too big to stay in one place.

Richard Parry of Speech Sy$lems discusses voice synthesis and music while Roger Schrag follows up his seminar on machine language with an Impromptu chalk talk.

SB> Electronic* IDjd(I Company

Programmer Steve Bjork (lelt) talks shop with Gordon Monnler ot MIchTron while Saturns Arnle Shiftman greets two ot the more than 8,000 people attending.

Ron Krebs (lelt) ot Mark Data chats with Alex Webster of Software Plus. Sue and Paul Searby get ready lor the CoCo Community Breaktast. The Radio Shack exhibit (below) was one ot the hubs ot activity.

Ill

t— r

-n-

WITH FOUR SCREENS • TANKS • SPIDERS • BLOCKS • CYCLES

Battle spiders! Blast your way through the descending wall of blocks! Defeat the enemy tanks! Trap the menacing cycles! Increasing levels of difficulty make each a real chal- lenge! Each screen is totally different from the rest and pro- vides state-of-the-art, fast-paced action! KRON is 100% machine language and has high resolution multi-color graphics. It has many great sounds, maintains the top scores, plus has a pause feature and display mode. See the review in the February '84 Rainbow: "well-conceived," "rates with the best."

32K EXTENDED-JOYSTICK TAPE-DISK S26.95-S29.95

THE ULTIMATE PEDE GAME

We believe this to be the best pede game available for the Color Computer! You'll do battle with spiders, worms, poison mushroom plants, the mushroom replenishing snails, arrows, beetles, the pedes, and swarms of wasps! The action is fast and challenging with three difficulty levels to choose from. KINGPEDE has high resolution machine language graphics and a huge variety of sounds. The joystick control is smooth and positive with the option of using analogue or eight-direc- tional type of joysticks!

32K EXTENDED-JOYSTICK TAPE-DISK S24.95-S27.95

Color Tape Manager

• copies lape based software (even most auto starts)

• handles programs with varying block lengths

• deals with missing end ot file blocks

• loads and saves data with or without a file- name block

• displays memory in hex (or decimal) and ascii

• allows the changing of memory in decimal or hex

• rapidly scans memory using the arrow keys with auto-key repeat

• converts numbers from hex to decimal or decimal to hex

16K EXTENDED-MINIMUM

allows input in hex or decimal

merges multiple basic programs into one

appends machine language to basic

(example included)

appends multiple machine language

programs into one

displays the start, end, and execute

addresses of ML programs

displays the buffer start, end. and top

addresses

converts ML programs into basic data

statements which can be loaded as, or

merged with, a basic program

turns the audio and cassette motor on and

off with one key commands

tinds the end of programs on tape even

from within a program with a skip file

command

allows the transferring of control to other

programs with a go command

moves blocks of memory from start

through end address to new start address

allows the changing of the origin (start

adds) of ML programs

has inverted displays which lessen eye

fatigue

has an 8,380 byte loading buffer with 16K

systems and 24,760 byte loading buffer

with 32K systems

TAPE DISK $19.95-$22.95

Color Disk Manager

Finally, a disk utility which will handle virtually all of your disk related needs! COLOR DISK MANAGER will do selective initializa- tions, verifies, backups, repairs and much more!

will initialize single tracks, a range of tracks, or the entire disk to more than 35 tracks

allows you to make a backup of the directory out of reach of basic and put it back if a directory crash occurs has a recover file command which will load entire files off the disk if the directory crashes and the allocation table is good will repair or salvage crashed disks several ways

is 64K compatable allowing a 64K backup does backups by track, a range of tracks, or the whole disk (will do more than 35 tracks)

gives an allocation table map with gran- ules x-referenced to tracks and sectors, and showing which granules are used

displays a file granule map showing which

granules, tracks, and sectors the file uses,

and the length

will do a directory displaying file names in

two columns, the number of free granules.

and the free bytes if below 65535

loads and saves, sectors, tracks, or tiles

loads files two ways, as done by basic, or

with header bytes left in, which helps in

studying how files are saved on disk

has a kill file command

verifies tracks or the entire disk showing

the track and sector if an error occurs,

with the option to continue or stop

is multiple drive compatible

has an append sector command

allows you to save a block of memory to

disk

transfers programs from tape to disk

has a rapid scan feature which allows you

to scan the disk by tracks and sectors

using the arrow keys

will dump memory to the screen In ascii,

good for listing basic programs or source

tiles

has a move memory block command, and

a transfer control command

converts decimal to hex or hex to decimal

allows you to examine memory using the

arrow keys with displays in hex (or

decimal) and ascii

will load and execute rompoc's saved on

disk

has a move rom to rom command

allows you to change in origin (start addr.)

of ML programs

displays the start, end, and execute

addresses of ML programs

32K-64K EXTENDED

DISK $34.95

Oregon Color Computer Systems

-DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED—

PLEASE ADD $2.00

POSTAGE/HANDLING

SEND ORDERS TO:

OREGON COLOR COMPUTER SYSTEMS

P.O. BOX 11468, EUGENE, OR 97440

In Pursuit Of Captain 'Hook'

A report on the piracy seminar at RAINBOWfest-Long Beach

By Bill Nolan

Rainbow Contributing Editor

One of the best attended and most controversial seminars at the recent RAINBOWfest in Long Beach. Calif, (which was an absolutely outstanding event), was the panel discussion held on the subject of soft- ware piracy.

The members ol the panel were Martin Goodman. M.D.. a general practitioner and anesthesiologist, owner of Che- shire Cat Software, and a CoCo enthusiast: Paul Searby. owner of Computerware; and Bob Rosen, owner of Spec- trum Projects, and SYSOP of the Rainbow Connection Bulletin Board. Each of these gentlemen made a short open- ing comment, and then questions from the audience were fielded. Jim Reed, managing editor of the Rainbow, moder- ated the discussion.

Goodman, who has become well known to CoCo users because of his skill at "breaking" protected software, spoke out strongly in his opening remarks for more communica- tion between software vendors and customers. He also pointed toward what he believed to be a strong need for more accountability from vendors as to advertising claims, warranty, and providing of backup media in a reasonable way.

Searby is an outspoken believer who has taken the lead in anti-piracy campaigns. His opening comments reflected his conviction that piracy (he always says "theft", not "piracy") is the biggest problem facing software vendors and software users alike. He feels that software theft is causing vendors of good software to leave the field, and he cautioned that the currently rampant software theft problem has. and will, result in higher prices and less software being available.

Searby provided a quick overview of the rather extensive costs involved in bringing a new program to the marketplace

(Bill Nolan and his wife Sara operate Prickly- Pear Software. Bill also teaches computer science at a local college and is DM at a regular weekly fantasy game.)

— costs that often reach SI 0.000 according to Searby and he reminded people that these costs must be recovered by the sales of the program. If fewer copies are sold because of piracy, then each copy that is sold has to bring a higher price in order for the vendor to recover his costs, and (hopefullj ) make a profit. He mentioned also that publishers sell most of their programs to dealers and distributors at about hall of the suggested retail price, and that the price has to be set accordingly. Searby also said that some vendors who had previously been a problem from the standpoint of warranty and backup have made great improvements in these areas, due to efforts within the industrj to police itself.

During the question period, it was asked why some com- panies put so much protection onto their tapes and disks that loading becomes a problem. Datasolt. in particular, took a lot ol "heat" on this subject, with one dealer in the audience indicating a return rale ol 90 percent on Zax.xon tapes. A representative of Datasolt responded by saj ing that Datasolt had not manufactured the tapes. He also provided some numbers to indicate the si/e of the piracy problem that led them to institute the protection to begin with. Appar- ently, there were about 5.000 copies of Zaxxon sold. ( Scarbv indicated that, with most programs. 3.000 copies sold ovcra one-year period is considered outstanding), yet there are an estimated 3110.000 copies in existence, for a ratio of 60 stolen copies to every legitimate copv ol Zaxxon. A member of the audience remarked that when Radio Shack began selling Zaxxon, they sold it without the protection on the tape.

It was asked what was "public domain," and whether or not programs typed in from magazines were okay to pass around. Reed, from the Rainbow fielded this one. and he said that every issue of the Rainbow, and almost every other magazine as well, was copyrighted in its entirety, and that in addition, the authors of the various programs retained their own copyright, so these were not "public domain." and could not be legally distributed or placed on bulletin boards.

(continued on Page 286)

May 1984 the RAINBOW 29

The HJL-57 Keyboard

Compare it with the rest. Then, buy the best.

If you've been thinking about spending good money on a new keyboard for your Color Computer, why not get a good keyboard for your money?

Designed from scratch, the HJL-57 Professional Keyboard is built to unlock ALL the potential performance of your Color Computer. Now, you can do real word processing and sail through lengthy listings.. .with maximum speed; minimum errors.

At $79.95, the HJL-57 Is reason- ably priced, but you can find other CoCo keyboards for a few dollars less. So, before you buy, we suggest that you compare.

Compare Design.

The ergonomlcally-superior HJL-57 has sculptured, low profile keycaps; and the three- color layout is identical to the original CoCo keyboard.

Compare Construction.

The HJL-57 has a rlgidized aluminum baseplate for solid, no-flex mounting. Switch contacts are rated for 100 million cycles minimum, and covered by a spill- proof membrane.

Compare Performance.

Offering more than full-travel, bounce-proof keyswitches, the HJL-57 has RFI/EMI shielding that eliminates Irritating noise on displays; and four user-definable function keys (one latchable), specially-positioned to avoid inadvertent actuation.

Free Function Key Program

Your HJL-57 kit includes usage instructions and decimal codes produced by the function keys, plus a free sample program that defines the function keys as follows: F1 = Screen dump to printer. F2 = Repeat key(latching).F3 = Lowercase upper case flip (If you have lower case capability). F4 = Control key; subtracts 64 from the ASCII value of any key pressed. Runs on disc or tape; extended or standard Basic.

Compare Installation.

Carefully engineered for easy Installation, the HJL-57 requires no soldering, drilling or gluing. Simply plug it in and drop it right on the original CoCo

Ordering Information: Specify model (Original, F-verslon. or CoCo 2). Payment by C.O.D., check, MasterCard or Visa . Credit card customers Include complete card number and expiration date. Add S2.00 tor shipping (S3.50 for Canada). New York state residents add 7 % sales tax. Dealer Inquiries invited. For dealer information in Eastern U.S. and Canada, call collect: 617-586-7614, Advanced Computer Services (distributor), 74 Plain Street, Brockton, MA 02401 .

mounting posts. Kit includes a new bezel for a totally finished conversion.

Compare Warranties.

The HJL-57 is built so well, It carries a full, one-year warranty. And, it is sold with an exclusive 15-day money-back guarantee.

Compare Value.

You know that a bargain is a bargain only so long as It lasts. If you shop carefully, we think you will agree...The HJL-57 Is the last keyboard your CoCo will ever need. And that's real value.

Order Today.

Only $79.95, the HJL-57 Is available for Immediate shipment for either the original Color Computer (sold prior to October, 1982) or the F-version and TDP-100 (introduced in October, 1982), and the new 64K CoCo. Now also available for CoCo 2.

Order by Phone Anytime 716-235-8358

24 hours, 7 days a week

PRODUCTS INC.

955 Buffalo Road • P.O. Box 24954 Rochester, New York 14624

BITS RtlD 83TES DF 8RSIC

Marrying Machine Language To BASIC

By Richard A. White Rainbow Contributing Editor

James H. DeStalenool Swedesboro. New Jersey wrote the Rainbow askings number of questions which might occur to you il you have become conversant with basic and start looking at machine language for the first time. He notes that ROM and memory maps are being printed without instruction on how to use them. Other foggy bask commands include CLEAR .v.v.v. vvv. USR. DEFVSR and offset loading. PEEK, POKEand VA RPTR have been recently covered in the Rainbow, but belong with the above commands in that they deal directly with CoCo's memory.

The 6X09 microprocessor can directly address 65535 bytes of memory. A mem- ory map describes in a table, diagram or listing where and what is in the memory. The memory map depends on the oper- ating system in the machine at the time. Color bask is an operating system that defines a basic memory map lor the CoCo. Extended Color basic changes this map in detail as it allocates space

(Richard White has a long background with microcomputers and specializes in BASIC programming. Along with Don Dollherg, he is the author of the TIMS database management program.)

lor the new functions il provides, but does not change its basic structure. Disk basic needs room to operate loo. so it grabs off some more ol the memory and the memory map changes again. II you do a PRINT MEM in a Color basic machine and then in a Disk BASIC machine, you gel a much smaller num- ber in the Disk machine. The memory is still there, but Extended BASIC and Disk Basic are using il.

Extended Color basic Computer Memory Map

Decimal Hex

Address Contents Address

0-1023 System Use 0-3FF

1 e.xt Screen 1024-1535 Memory 400-5EF

Graphic Screen Memory

1 536-307 1

Page 1

600-BFF

3072-4607

Page 2

C00-IIII-

460X-6I43

Page 3

I200-I7H

6144-7679

Page 4

1X00- IDEE

7680-92 1 5

Page 5

IEOO-23EE

9216-10741

Page 6

2400-291 1-

10742-122X7

Page 7

2A00-2FFF

I22XX- 13823

Page 8

3000-35 EE

Program and Variable

13X24-163X3 Storage 3600-3FEE I6K Machine

Program and Variable

163X4-32767 Storage 4000-7EEE 32K Machine

3276X-40959 Extended X000-9FFF basic ROM

40960-49151 Color A000-BFFF

basic ROM

49152-65279 Cartridge C000-FEFF

Memory

65280-65535 Input EE00-EEEE

Output

Let's examine the above memory map in some detail. In the first 1.023 bytes, BASK keeps its notes that it needs to run. These are things like the address of the start ofBASlC (25 and 26). the end of BASK" (27 and 28). variable table ad- dresses, the end ol memory and a myriad ol other details. Ever wonder how basic keeps track ol where the cursor is on the text screen? That's in 136 and 137. When you type on the keyboard, things generally don't happen other than char- acters appearing on the screen until you press [ENTER]. That's because the characters are saved in a memorv area

May 1984 the RAINBOW

31

called a buffer until a carriage return character is sent by the [ENTER] key. This basic line input buffer starts at decimal 832 and is 255 bytes long.

Another important buffer is the cas- sette file data buffer which starts at decimal 47 1 and is 256 bytes long. When you output data to a cassette file, data is temporarily stored here until the buffer is full and then dumped to tape. Upon loading a cassette file, data is stored here for BASIC to read and process. Olher earlier computers didn't have such a buffer and each piece of data was individually sent to tape along with a time consuming header. Loading or sav- ing a file can be an all night chore with these machines.

It is well beyond the scope of this column to deal individually with each item in Basic's scratchpad; most you will never need to use directly. Some you set using basic commands, but BASIC does the work for you. In any case, this 1 K chunk ol memory is one of the most used in your machine. While it is not included in the number you get when you PRINT MEM, it is working hard for you nonetheless.

Next comes the vital screen memory. It extends from decimal 1024 to 1535 and has one byte for each possible char- acter location on your text screen. When you print to the screen. BASIC stores ihe characters here. Your video display gen- erator chip (6847) reads this data and converts it into the picture il sends to your TV or monitor. Your video display generator chip deals with graphics in much the same way when you use the graphics modes. It reads the assigned memory area and generates a picture. Motorola devised this method years ago for use with the 6800 microprocessor. In a recent article in BYTE maga/ine. Apple people were making a big thing about using the technique in the new Macintosh. The only thing different is that the Mac uses a 68000 instead of a 6809 and has a 22K graphics memory space rather than the 6K used for high resolution graphics in the CoCo. Ihe 8088 microprocessor in the IBM PC works differently from the 6809 or 68000 and a whole board of chips are neces- sary to do what one or two chips do in CoCo or Mac. This is one of those details thai explain why a $260 machine can do so much of what a S3. 000 machine will do.

Next come the graphics pages. Color BASIC does not have graphics cap- ability from BASIC, so the BASIC pro- gram defaull start address is 1536. On a

cold start. Extended BASIC reserves four pages for memory, so the start of a basic program is at 7680, but you can use PC LEAR to change this.

For example, if you enter PCLEARI. only the first graphics page is reserved, and the BASIC program will load start- ing at 3072. This allows 1 2.7 1 1 bytes for BASIC program and variables in a I6K machine. On the other hand, a PC LEA R8 moves the start of BASIC all the way up to 13824 leaving a trilling 2.559 bytes for BASIC and variables.

In a 32K or 64K machine, the RAM between 1 6384 and 32767 is all available for program and variables. In a Color BASIC machine, this is a large 31.231 bytes. With Extended Color basic.

CLEAR can carry two arguments. for example CLEAR 200.27000. This says that BASIC may not use any memory above 27000 in a 32K machine, and that the 200 bytes just below 27000 in mem- ory are reserved for string storage. Machine language programs may be loaded above 27000 and EXECutecl without fear of being "walked-on" by BASIC. Prickly Pear's Colorkii is a machine language set of editing tools that 1 always have running when I do any serious BASIC programming work. It starts a! 27000 in my32K machine so I have to type CLEAR 200.27000 from the keyboard before loading it. Other- wise. CoCo goes west and I have to turn it off and back on lo recover. You want

"The trick is to size your string storage to meet your program 's needs without unduly limiting your program 's size. "

PCLEARI allows 29.695 bytes, there are 25.087 bytes available with PCLEAR4 and" 18.933 available with PC LEA R8.

If you do a PRINT MEM under one of the combinations described above after a cold start, the number returned will be 200 bytes smaller than 1 show. If you have an Extended basic machine and enter PRINT MEM immediately after turning it on and getting the Ex- tended basic message, you will read 24.887 rather than 25.087. The differ- ence is the 200 bytes that BASIC auto- matically reserved for strings. You change this by using CLEAR 100 to reduce it to 100 bytes. Maybe your pro- gram is going to store a lot of string data so you CLEAR 5000 or even CLEAR 10000. This reserved space is no longer available for a BASIC program and most variables. Only string data can be placed there. It's not lost since you have to put string data somewhere. The trick is to size your string storage to meet your program's needs without unduly limit- ing your program's size.

to reserve only the amount of memory for machine language that you need. I used CLEAR 200.27000 since that is what is required to use Colurkit. If you had a 1.000-byte machine language program then CLEAR 200.31767.

We have slid into the dual operation of BASIC and machine language pro- grams at the same time. In the example above, Colorkii can be running while you run the BASIC program you are working on. Actually there arc three programs working simultaneously since your basic interpreter is a machine lan- guage program. Really, each is taking its own turn and then handing control back to another. Overall control of this rests with addresses or "hooks" stored in the system portion of memory below 1023. We are getting deep fast here, and disengagement is preferable to total confusion. Perhaps this leaves you with some flavor of what can be going on that we do not see clearly.

A simpler exercise is to store a ma- chine language routine in memory and call it from a BASIC program when

32

the RAINBOW May 1984

you want to use it. Starting with Color BASIC, you need to POKElhe execution address of the machine language into memory locations 275 and 276. Then when you need to call the routine from inside a BASIC program, you use the statement A = USR(0). You can write your machine language routine to use the ROM call INTCNV to get the argument with USR, 0 in this case and put it in the D register of the micropro- cessor. Generally you won't want to bother with this. You can also transfer data to the machine language routine by POKEing values to some reserved area of memory. The routine then can get the values, work on them and then store new values for BASIC to get by peeking. Now you are really down at the machine level, dealing with memory on a bytc- by-byte basis.

Some have been tryingtogeta handle on assembly or machine language pro- gramming by trying to understand how to interface it with basic. A better way is to learn assembly language, at least the simpler aspects, and then work back to the interface with basic. When you understand what simple machine lan- guage programs are and how they work, you will understand more clearly what the BASIC interface tools are doing. TRS-80 Color Computer Assembly Language Programming by William Barden, Jr., Radio Shack cat. no. 62- 2077. is a good starter reference.

Extended Color BASIC broadens the machine language interlace, allowing a BASIC program to call any of 10 machine language routines (numbered 0 to 9). First the execution address ol each rou- tine to be used must be defined to BASIC, not POKEd into memory as with Color basic. The format is — DEFUSRn = address. Say I had three routines whose execution addresses were 31000, 31500 and 32000. each address being also the first byte of each routine. Before load- ing these into the computer, either the program or the operator would need to do CLEAR x.xx.31000 to protect the machine language area. Next the BASIC program would need to define the exe- cution addresses as follows — 2000 DEFUSR0=3I000: DEFUSRI=3I500 : DEFUSR2 = 32000. A machine lan- guage routine is then called with a US Rn statement - A=USRn(B). To call routine one. use 100 A = USRI(0). When the routine completes its work, control is returned to either the next statement in the line or to the next line in the basic program.

While it is desirable to put machine language routines either below BASIC in

* GRAND OPENING SPECIAL *

We, at Michtron want to celebrate our moving into our new building. To share our festive spirit with you we are making these special package offers for the next 60 days.

Disk Drive and Controller only $329.95. This may not be the lowest price you will find in the Rainbow, but we can guarantee it will be the best disk drive you can buy. Most special prices are for big, old, outdated full size drives. We are offering you the newest design, Slim Line TEAC disk drives. These are exceptional quality 40 track disk drives. They are guaranteed for 6 months, twice as long as most disk drives. For a controller we will offer the J & M with gold plated contacts. As a special bonus with each disk drive, we will include a dual power supply and case. Now or at a later date you can add a second disk drive for very little money:

1 TEAC 40 Track Slim Line Disk Drive and Controller — $329.95

2 TEAC 40 Track Slim Line Disk Drives and Controller — $479.95

We buy approximately 5,000 disks a month for resale to our customers and for our own use as a software publisher. We buy only premium quality SENTENAL diskettes. We buy them in bulk (no Labels, no boxes) to save money. In turn we pass these savings on to you. These diskettes are unconditionally guaranteed to be the finest you have used or we will promptly give you a refund. The diskettes are guaranteed by both Sentenal and MICHTRON for LIFE, if they ever cease to work, return them and we will send you new ones.

10 Disks with Tyvek Sleeves — $19.95 10 Disks with Vinyl Sleeves — $21.95

7 Games At Fantastic Prices!

CATALYST (32 K) a great game reviewed in the MARCH issue of RAINBOW . . . CHOPPER STRIKE (16K or 32K) fly your helicopter over the most varied terrain ever found in a color computer, rescue your army and destroy the enemy . . . DEMON SEED (32K) Rated #1 in our top ten for months a great arcade game, with bats and demons

swooping down on you FURY (16K or 32K) A great aerial classic,

shoot down enemy planes and helicopters . . . MUDPIES(32K)oneof

my favorite games! Received rave reviews in HOT COCO

PACDROIDS (32K) If you haven't got a PACMAN type game here is a great chance to get one at a low price. Excellent variation of Pacman"* . . . STRONGHOLD(16Kor32K)youmustprotectyourcity against flying debris using your shields to bounce the projectiles back against your foes.

-SPECIAL PRICING-

Any Two of the above games - Disk or Tape only $29.95

Any Three of the above games for only $44.95

Each additional game is only $10.00

6655 Highland Road, Pontiac. Ml 48054 (313) 666-4800

Master Charge and VISA OK Please add $3.00 for shipping in the U.S.A. - $5.00 for Canada Dealers Inquires Invited.

May 1984 the RAINBOW 33

EXTRA

$44.44

MORE

CONTROLLERS

DC-1 $134

ROM disk controller reads & writes to 35 and 40 track single and double sided drives with all models of the color computer (J&M)

VC-1 $24.45

Video interface mounts inside color computer by piggybacking IC on top of interface-no solder- ing and no trace cuts

VC-2 $26.45

for color computer 2 - monochrome only

VC-3 $39.45

for color computer 2 - color and monochrome

*The Howard drive 0 package gives 359.424 bytes of available storage for $444.39 using our double sided, double density disk and 40 track controller. The regular 35 track drive 0 gives 156,672 bytes for $399.95. The Howard package gives an extra 202,752 bytes for $44.44 more.

DISKS

DD-1 Vi height 5'/." 40 Track SSDD $269 179,712 bytes available

DD-2 '/? height 5 Vi" 40 Track DSDD $319 359,424 bytes available

DD-3 Dual 3" 40 Track SSDD

$449 359,424 bytes available (Amdek)

CA-1 Cable to connect disk to con- $24.44 troller

Drive 0 needs controller DC-1 above

MEMORY

64K Upgrades 64-E1 for E Boards. Remove old Chips 68.45 and replace with this preassem-

bled package - No soldering or

trace cuts 64-F1 for F Board Preassembled with 64.45 no soldering. Capacitor leads

must be cut 64-2 for color computer 2. Kit requires 69.45 soldering, no traces to cut.

PRINTER

RX-80 Epson pin feed

$333

8148 Serial board with 2K buffer

$89.95

Any product may be returned within 30 days for refund if not satisfied

We handle all warranty & repair work thru our direct contact with the manu- facturer.

s

BBS-

Howard Medical

Box 2, Chicago, 60690

312 944-2444

MONITORS

122 Zenith 12" Amber gives excel- $1 34 lent resolution and is easy on the

eyes

123 New Zenith green screen for $114 serious programmers and word

processing

131 13" Color monitor with

$334 speaker, composite, and RBG jack (Zenith)

All Monitors need video controller

TV STANDS

TS-1 $29.50

15Wx 11Dx4H for 13" screen

TS-4 24Wx11Dx4H

$39.50 for 19" screen

COCO 2

TS-2 $29.50

T5-3 $39.50

PS-1 18Wx 15Dx2'/2H

$19.95 for all popular printers

add $5 for bottom feed slot

TV stands come with ROM pack cut-out. Specify ivory or smoked grey

please send me the following

Name

Address

City, State Zip

Cat. # Description

Cost

Shipping residents add tax

Total

The Biggest

The Best

The Indispensable

li s called the premiei Color Computer magazine (or good reason The Rainbow is the biggest, best, brightest and most comprehensive publication a happy CoCo ever had1 Is there any wonder we get letters daily which piaise the Rainbow the magazine one reader calls "A Pot Of Gold" lor his Color Computer?

The Rainbow features more programs, more information and more m-depth treatment of the TRS-80 Color. TDP System- 100. MC-10 and Dragon-32 and 64 computers than anyone else

Each monthly issue is well over 320 pages and contains more than two dozen programs, some 15 regular columns and 30 or more product reviews And advertisements the Rainbow is known as the medium for advertisers- which means every month il has a wealth ol mloi mation unavailable anywhere else about new products1 More than 200 compan- ies advertise in its pages every month.

But what makes the Rainbow is its people People like Bob Albrecht, Ihe master teacher ol computer programming People like Don Inman, one of the woild's best computei graphics authors Experts like Dick White, one of the most knowledgeable writers aboul bash ; Or Dan Downard. Rain- bow technical editor, who answers our readers' toughest questions Educators like awaid-winning Rainbow colum- nist Steve Blyn Advanced programmers like Dale Puckelt. who guides you through Radio Shack s OS-9 operating sys- lem Electionics specialists like Tony DiStefano. who ex- plains the "insides" of Ihe CoCo. These people, and many Others, visit you monthly through columns available only in the Rainbow.

Special piograms on using Speclaculalor. An income tax 'i ling system Complete Adventure games and Simula- lions The Rainbow's unique Scoreboard of arcade games Ann games0 lots of them— super graphics and utilities, the woild's first foui-color computer magazine centerfold! And much, much more

Join Ihe lens of thousands who have found the Rainbow to be the absolute necessity for their CoCo With all this going for it, is it surprising that more than 95 percent of the Rain- bow subscribers renew their subscriptions''

We're w;iling to bet that, a year from now. you'll be doing the same For more information call (502) 228-4492

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What goes well with the Rainbow?

i

Rainbow On Tape!

We call it the other side of the Rainbow, and we may have to raise the price just to call your attention to it. With more than two dozen programs every month, Rainbow On Tape is a luxury service at a bargain basement price. At S6 50 for a single copy, that's only 27C a program. And, with a full year's subscription, for $60, we're practically giving it away.

What is it? Rainbow On Tape is a monthly, cassette tape adjunct to the Rainbow and it's brimming with all the pro- grams (those over 20 lines long) that fill the pages of the magazine. All you do is pop the cassette in your tape recorder and they're ready to run. No more lost weekends —or weeknights — typing, typing, typing. With Rainbow On Tape, you must read the article in the magazine then, in seconds, you load it up and run it.

Yes, Rainbow On Tape is brimming with the programs that fill the Rainbow's pages each month. And, yes, you could type them in yourself, as many people do. But all of them? Every month? There simply isn't enough time.

Isn't it time your CoCo became a fulltime computer instead of a typewriter. Think how your software library will grow. With your first year's subscription, you'll get almost 300 new programs: games, utilities, business programs, home appli- cations — the full spectrum of the Rainbow's offerings with- out the specter of keying in page after page and then debugging.

Rainbow On Tape — the "meat" of the Rainbow at a price that's "small potatoes." Food for thought. To get your first heaping helping, just fill out and return the attached reply card. No postage necessary.

Discover the other side of the Rainbow. It's not only a time-saver, it's the key to a whole new outlook!

CASHMAN

By Doug Frayer and Bill Dunlevy

The screen is exploding with colorful, fast moving animation like you've never seen. The speaker is alive with every kind of sound imaginable! Best of all, the player's eyes are glowing with fascination and wonder of this classic creation THE GAME??? CASHMAN! So colorful, so imaginative, so all out fun, that you'll wonder why you ever settled for any- thing less!

Dozens of levels and screens (more than FORTY!) let anyone from beginner to expert have as much excitement, challenge, and good clean fun as they can stand! Even the least adept player can have the time of their life with CASHMAN. yet with the increased excitement of special Mystery Pieces and Expert Puzzle Screens, the most experienced arcade addict is guaranteed to never stop playing!!!

Play by yourself or invite the ultimate chal- lenge of simultaneous two player competi- tion! Run along the colorful girders, jump across the tremendous chasms, climb the wobbly ladders, or grab a BYRD and fly to get the loot before your opponent does! Be care- ful though. KATS are on the prowl and wres- tling with them can be a challenge.

CASHMAN's classical play is so original and so much fun that no arcader whether a veter- an or a rookie, can afford to pass it up.

So run, jump, climb, or fly to the nearest Color Computer and play the ultimate . . CASH- MAN' (PS CASHMAN lets you play against the computer or play 2 players simultan- eously.)

32K COLOR COMPUTER TAPE S27.95 DISK S29.95

TIME BANDIT

This month is the first month that the entire top ten panel had copies of TIME BANDIT and they overwhelmingly voted it into first place. Never before has a game received so many first place voles. At the Dallas RAIN- BOWfest and at the Pasadena Color Expo, arcade players were unanimous in the praise of TIME BANDIT. "The best original game ever written for the COCO". "My dad said I could buy only one game and this is the best game here'' "Best game at the show'" "Best game I've ever seen on a home comput- er" . . . "Great Game" . . . "Only game I bought at the show" . These are comments we heard about TIME BANDIT at these two shows I can say without a doubt that TIME BANDIT is the best game on the market for the COCO

WESTERN WORLD: Visit the Lost Maverick Mine, Dead Man's Pass, (Visit? Escape!) Tombstone Jail, and many more! A variety of screens.

FANTASTIC ADVENTURES AND UNLIMITED RICHES ABOUND WHEN ONE TRAVELS THROUGH TIME - YOU ARE THE TIME BANDIT!

Thanks, to Bill Dunlevy and Harry Lafnear, you can transform your Color Computer into the ultimate arcade experience. 32K has never looked or played better!

Tired of games that have only a few screens or force you to follow a strict order of levels? In TIME BANDIT, you virtually create your own game! You can choose from more than TWENTY places during the entire game, and each place has more than 15 distinct varia- tions and levels of difficulty; this means ovei 300 variations in all!

You can use the TIMEGATES to travel to three different Worlds of Time, each one con- taining a multitude of colorful and unique adventuring areas Visit FANTASY WORLD,

WESTERN WORLD, or SPACE WORLD. A- void or destroy the Evil Guardians: the Watch- ing Lurker, Angry Elmo. Killer Smurphs, and lots more! Find the keys which remove var- ious locks preventing your escape. But hurry Bandit— your power is dwindling and time is fleeting! This new machine language game is so exciting, challenging, and fun that you need never leave your home to find an arcade again! Ultra crisp Supergraphics that include colorful scrolling landscapes and full anima- tion of a multitude of characters, amazing sound, and literally HUNDREDS of screens -it's all here! The conquest of time and space awails you

32K COLOR COMPUTER TAPE $27.95

DISK $29 95

•n i inn

SPACE WORLD: Explore Hy-perspace, the bizarre Light Barriers, the Insidious Grid. Gamma Station the Enterprise and others! Bright, Clear graphics!

T3IMIE 137,3a 93

ciisfit opttvmjun

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FANTASY WORLD: Conquer the halls of Doom, the Mystic Maze, the Underworld Arena, and other medieval places Pictured are the three different time gates.

6655 Highland Road. Pontiac. Ml 48054

(313)666-4800

Master Charge and VISA OK. Please add $3.00 for shipping in the U.S.A - $5.00

for Canada. Dealers Inquires Invited

the graphics pages if you arc not using graphics or in a protected space ai the lop of memory, it is not necessary that they be assembled in the final memory location. In other words, routines that arc written in relocatable code can be moved around in memory and still work. If you upgrade to a 32K or 64K machine, you would like to lake advan- tage ol thai memory and you cannot if you continue to load machine language routine in protected memory below 163X3. Yet your routines on cassette or disk are made to load into the lower memory area. Offset loading to the rescue. In a simple move from I6K lop- of-memory to 32K top-of-memory. do CLOADM "PROGNAME'. 16384 or LOADM " PROGNAME". 16384. The program will load 16384 bytes higher in memory. To make it easy later. C- SA VEM or SA VEM the program from higher memory using the new start, end and execute addresses. It will now be on your tape or disk with these new ad- dresses and can be loaded directly with- out offset.

One of the neater tricks around is to hang your machine language rou- tines onto your BASIC programs so they load and save with the basic program.

To understand this, we need to know what the end of a BASIC program looks like and to what address the end of basic pointer at locations 27 and 28 points. Each line of BASIC in memory ends with a zero. There arc three zeros in a row at the end of a basic program. The end of basic pointer carries the address of the memory location follow- ing the third zero. Load a machine lan- guage routine starting at the second zero marking the end of BASIC, then add three zeros after the machine language and change end of BASIC to hold the address following the new three zeros. At minimum, you will need a machine language monitor program that can read and change individual memory locations. Culorkil includes both the monitor and a utility to attach the machine language routine automatic- ally to a basic program. Now when you save and load the BASIC program, the machine language loads and saves with it. If you edit the basic program, its length changes and the machine lan- guage is moved up or down in memory with the program.

The next problem is to call the ma- chine language whose execution address changes from time to lime as you edit

basic. Since the end of basic pointer changes the same amount and direction as the location of the machine language, we can use it for a reference. In Extend- ed BASIC, this will do the job: 100 DEFUSRO = 256*PEEK(27) + PEEK (28) - X where X is the number of bytes from end of BASK to the execution address of your routine.

Now why would one want to play silly games like we have been talking about? Program speed is one good reason. A sorting routine in BASIC is slow, even if you use the fastest type of sort. In com- parison, even the slowest sorting meth- od in machine code is 10 to 100 limes faster. Writing a whole program in machine code would be a real drag. Writing just a sort and hooking il to a BASIC program that does as well as the rest ol ihe things you want done is much less painful. Games are another area lhai benefit from the use of key machine language routines doing only things that Basic is slow at.

My. how far we have strayed from our memory map discussion. Thus far our adventures have been confined to the lower 32K of memory. At first blush, the memory space from 32768 to 65280 seems pretty simple. In order

For the color computer and TDP100 Model 101 Interface $54.95

Serial to Parallel Interlace

Works with any Centronics Compatible

Printer including Radio Shack, TDP.

Gemini, Epson, Gorillia and

many olhers

Six switch selectable baud rates (300

to 9600)

90 day warranty S

Power Supply included

Model 102 RS-232-C Switcher

• Switches all three data lines $ 3 5 ® ®

• Indicator lights let you know computer is on

• 3 position switch has silver plated contacts tor high reliability /j^

• Color coded lights indicate switch Bg£ position

• Color coded labels tor your printer, modem etc., supplied

Cassette Label Program s6.95

Prints live lines of intormalion on pin- teed cassette labels -s^. Menu driven — easy to use

• Uses special features of your printer for standard, expanded and condensed characters

• 24 free labels included with program

• Auto centering features for each line of text

• 16K ECB required

General Items

• Gemini 10X Printer $319.00

• Special Save — Printer & Interface $360.00

• C-10 Cassettes $7.50/dozen

• Hard plastic boxes $2.50/dozen

• Pin-feed Cassette labels $3.00 per 100

• Free shipping on all orders over $50.00

• Add $3.00 for shipping on orders under $50.00

• Ohio residents add 5.5% sales tax

• Phone order line for VISA and MASTERCARD, orders accepted 24 hrs. a day, call 513-677-0796

or send check or money order to

Metric Industries Department R P.O. Box 42396 Cincinnati, OH 45242

Dealer Inquiries Invited

36

the RAINBOW May 1984

there is the Extended basic ROM. the Color BASIC" ROM, cartridge memory and input/ output. The Disk BASIC ROM occupies the lower 6K of the car- tridge memory space in a disk system. At minimum. Color BASIC and input /output, our beloved SAM chip (6883). must be present to provide a minimum operating system. Using cither cassette or disk, machine language routines can be loaded that cause drastic memory map changes to occur. Some of these have been published in recent back issues of the Rainbow. A first step is to copy the ROMs to low memory, switch CoCoto64K RAM and copy the ROM code back into upper memory in the same locations that it occupied in ROM. Next it was discovered that Extended Color BASIC is entirely relocatable, and that if it is moved above Color basic or Disk BASIC, that BASIC could use RAM up to 40959. This is the so called 40K move and a number ol commercial and published programs are available. An- other interesting approach is the one developed by Jorge Mir to modify a basic program and load it above Disk BASIC. This is in the October 1983 Rainbow.

Another tact is to switch the upper 32K RAM in and out under con- trol of a machine language program and use the upper RAM for data storage. BASIC is operational whenever the ma- chine is in the ROM mode. Under these conditions. 96K of memory space is in use. In any case, the memory map is one thing at one time and something else at another. These are enhancements to the BASIC operating environment and do not cause major changes to BASIC. Properly written, a BASIC program that runs in the normal ROM-RAM map should run in an all RAM or switched mode as well. Changes required should be restricted to those necessary tor the program to take advantage of its new environment.

At this point there is much that I have not covered and some that I have touched only lightly. The disk system memory map is one that is not dis- cussed. One reason is that it varies depending on how many disk buffers are in use. Another is that there are many more non-disk readers than those with disks. The whole area of switching from ROM to RAM in the upper 32K space could well be the subject of a separate article apart from this column. For now. let's get the basics in place. even when they seem rather complex themselves, _

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mode

• Advanced circuitry has low power

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• Requires 9 volt battery (not included)

• Lifetime Limited Warranty

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Anchor Volksmodem S69.95

OFT II Tape or Disk 25 95

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ITEM LIST PRICE SALE PRICE

Cosmic Clones (Mark Data) (24,95/27.95) (1 2.50/1 3 95)

Shark Treasure (Computerware) (24.95/27.95) (1 2.50/1 3.95)

Color Graphics Editor (SSM) Tape 1 9.95 9.95

Pacdroids (Programmers Guild) Tape 19.95 9.95

Ninja Warrior (Programmers Guild) Tape 29.95 14.95

Phantom Slayer (Screenplay) Tape 19.95 9.95

Invaders Revenge (Screenplay) Tape 19.95 9.95

Balloon Attack (Computer Shack) (1 9.95/2 1 .95) 9.95

6655 Highland Road. Ponliac. Ml 48054

(313J666-4800

Master Charge and VISA OK Please add

$3.00 lor shipping in the U.S.A. - S5.00

lor Canada Dealers Inquires Invited

1691 Eason • Ponliac, Michigan 48054

May 1984 the RAINBOW 37

A Change Of Address

By Dennis Derringer

Recently, quite a lew programs have been popping up that show an effective means of relocating machine language programs in memory. Of course, to have a machine language program load at a higher address only requires an offset value placed after the filename when it's LOAD Me J. Unfortunately. Microsoft didn't includea syn- tax lor negative offsets to load programs lower in memory. This spurred the challenge to offer a means of relocating programs after they're loaded in memory. Most of these programs dealt with a technique using PEEK and POKE, either in BASIC or a machine language version, to move an area ol memory from one location to another. Effective, yes. but it still required you to calculate the new LOA D, EXEC and END addresses so that it can be SA VEMed.

Being one who likes things nice and simple. I proceeded to find a quick method to relocate machine language pro- grams and at the same time, have the addresses changed. Studying the method by which a machine language program is stored on disk revealed that the three magic numbers are right there on the disk with the program. All that was needed was a routine that could read these numbers and then have new ones put in their place. This is where the flexibility of RS-DOS really proved outstanding.

Regardless of how a file is stored, you can OPEN it for direct (random) access with a record length of one and then. by checking the length of the file (LOF). obtain the exact number of bytes that it contains. For machine language programs, the second and third byte in the file represent the MSB and LSB values for the LENGTH of the program. The fourth and fifth bytes represent the MSB and LSB values for the LOAD address. The last two bytes in the file represent theMSBand LSB values for the EXEC address. The actual numbers for the MSB and LSB values arc the ASCII value of the character. The number which thev represent is calcu- lated by the formula MSB*256+LSB.

The utility program will obtain these values and let you indicate a new LOAD address. The LENGTH and EXEC values are automatically recalculated and then the new values are stored back on the disk. This is how the program breaks down:

(Dennis Derringer, president of Derringer Software, Inc., is a self-taught programmer and has been marketing software for the color computer since 1982.)

Line

90-180 Receive input for filename and get values from

disk (include extension). 200-250 Display values and receive input for new LOA D

address. 270-390 Calculate new values, display values and store

result back on disk.

This routine works with any program that has been SA VEMed using the standard syntax. Exercise caution when using with commercially purchased software, they don't always use standard techniques.

^

The listing:

250

END

151 111

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

' ###*#*#*»**#»***##*»»**#»#

*

'* * *

CHANGE ML ADDRESS ON * DISK. 32K EXT. DISK # BY DENNIS DERRINGER * DERRINGER SOFTWARE, INC* JANUARY - 1984 *

' **#**♦*♦*#**##»**»##»♦♦#»# CLS: CLEAR 1000

PR I NT "FILENAME: ";:LINE INPUT FI* 100 IF FI*="" THEN END 110 OPEN"D",#l,FI*,l:IF LOF(1)=0

THEN CLOSE: KILL FI»:RUN 120 FIELD#1,1 AS F*:LF=LOF<l) 130 FORQ=lT05:GET#l,Q:BY(Q)=ASC(

f*>:nextq

140 b»0:forq«lf-4 to lf:b=b+1 150 get#1,q:be(b>=asc<f«):nextq 160 ld*=hex*<by<4)*256+by<5)>

38

the RAINBOW May 1984

170 E»=HEX*(BE<4>*256+BE<5>>

180 LN««HEX*(BY(2)*256+BY<3>)

190 PRINT

200 PR I NT "LOAD ADDRESS «= "|LD*

210 PRINT"END ADDRESS - "|HEX*(

VAL ( "8tH"+LD*> +VAL ( "&H"+LN*) )

220 PR I NT "EXEC ADDRESS - " I E*

230 PR I NT "LENGTH - " I LN*

240 PRINT

250 PR I NT "NEW LOAD ADDRESS - "j:

LINE INPUT NL*

260 IF NL«-"" THEN CLOSE: RUN

270 OF-VAL < " &H " +E* ) -VAL < " «cH " +LD«

)

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

NL=VAL<"ScH"+NL*>

NE=NL+OF

BY(4>=INT<NL/256)

BY (5) »NL- <256» ( INT (NL/256) ) )

BE<4)-INT<NE/256)

BE (5) »NE- (256* ( INT (NE/256) ) >

PR I NT "NEW END ADDRESS - "*H EX» <NL+VAL ( "&H"+LN*> ) 350 PRINT"NEW EXEC ADDRESS = "|H EX* (BE <4> *256+BE (5) )

360 f0rq=»1t05:lset f*=chr* (by (q) ):put#1,q:NEXTQ

370 B-0:FORQ«=LF-4 TO LF:B«=B+i

380 LSET F*»=CHR*(BE(B)):PUT#1,Q:

NEXT Q

390 CLOSE

400 PR I NT: PR I NT "PRESS enter TO R

UN A8AIN ";:LINE INPUT X*

410 RUN ,#*

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E.T.T.

ELECTRONIC

TYPING

TEACHER

by CHERRYSoft

RAINBOW

Learning Co type the right way can save you hours of tedious work when entering programs into your CoCo. and this is |ust what ETT was designed to do. Devote a little time every day practicing with ETT and before you know it you will be typing with confidence Entering those programs will no longer be the chore it used to be

ETT's video keyboard lets you practice with all the keys labeled, all the keys blank or only the "home" keys labeled The visual cues guide you while you learn to type without watching your fingers ETT shows your accuracy, response time, and words per minute. You wilt quickly see that you are improving with practice.

With the sentences provided by ETT learning to type can be fun Over 1 000 variations chosen because they include every letter m the alphabet. You can also create your own practice sets This outstanding program was written by a certified teacher and professional programmer and comes with a ten page student manual-study guide Requires 16K Extended Basic

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ETT NOW AVAILABLE FOR COMMODORE 64

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MASTER CONTROL II

The best doesn't always cost more and MASTER CONTROL II is a good example. What would you be willing to pay for a program that would cut your typing time by more than 50% and eliminate hours of debugging because you misspelled a command word'3 For example the command STRINGS (requires nine strokes) with MASTER CONTROL II you only require two strokes, just hit the down arrow key twice and it's done, and no mistakes That is |ust one of the 50 pre-programmed commands available to you If that isn't enough you also have the ability to customize your own key to enter a statement or command correctly, automatically every time But that's not all. how about automatic line numbering Just enter the starting number and the increment you want and MASTER CONTROL II will do it for you You also have direct control of MOTOR. AUDIO and TRACE plus a direct RUN key. Sounds great' Well, thousands of color computer owners have been enioying these features for years But now the new MASTER CONTROL II also has the follnwing features:

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May 1984 Ihe RAINBOW

39

The best in software for kids!

THE MONEY SERIES ■T STEV E MM

MUMS I SOU IHECI H*i» Player buys familiar items using rMbrs ax) coins to practice using mono; correctty .

MoCOCO'i MENU 18KECI *H-'5 Learn lo buy and add up four pur- chases Irom a typical fast-food restaurant menu.

KOMET-PAK 32KECI 122.15

A combined and menu driven version of the above programs. Includes play money. Reviewed - Rainbow 7/13

THE QUIZ MAKER by David Stanley 32KEB. tape $24.95 disk $27.95 A program that enables a teacher to create tests or a student to study for tests in any subject area. Your questions and answers may be saved for future use. Short answer, true-false, fill-in and other quiz formats are supported. Printer option for hard copy test generation. Program randomizes questions, keeps track of score and provides a variety of testing formats.

OOLORMAK 32KECI S2I.N A peat aid to teachers. Records and calculates trades for up to 6 classes of up to 40 students each. Uses number or letter trades, named or numerical periods and fives a weighted average. Easy to use. Full directions. DISK ONLY. By David Ungyel.

UTONO WORM 32K ECI SUM Eioh These Language Arts programs cover common misspellings, and synonyms/- antonyms on each level. Additionally, Level 1 tests contractions and abbrevia- tions, Level 2 tests homonyms, and Level 3 tests analogies. Each program has 3 parts and contains over 400 questions and uses over tOO words. Ml tests are grade appropriate. User modifiable (directions included). Printer option.

Level 1 Grades 3-5

Level 2 Grades 64

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DISK VERSION Each $23.95

THE HATH TUTOR SERIES 1 1K E«t. These tutorials take the child through each step of the example. All programs Include HELP tables, cursor and graphic aids. All allow user to create the eiample, or let the computer choose. Multi-level. Great teaching pro- grams. By Ed Guy.

LONG DIVISION TUTOR $14.95

MULTIPLICATION TUTOR $14.95

FACTORS TUTOR $19.95

FRACTIOUS TUTOR (Addrtion) $19.95 FRACTIONS TUTOR (Subtraction) $19.95 FRACTIONS TUTOR (Multiplicalion)$19.95

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***

KING AUTHOR'S TALES try Sim eiyn 32K EB.dlskor16KEB.tapeS29.95

An exciting hew program that allows users to create and save original stories on files. Saves op- tional questions and answers for each page, and title page picture, too. Kids can write compositions, teachers/ parents can create reading comprehension material. Rewrite, correction, review, and printer features. Includes a selec- tion of stories and pictures.

FIRST GAMES by Penny Bryan 32KE8. tape $24.95 disk $27.95 First Games contains 6 menu- driven programs to delight and teach your early learners (ages 3-6). These games enrich the lear- ning of colors, numbers, lower- case letters, shapes, memory, visual discrimination and coun- ting.

MATH INVADERS by David Steele 16K EB. $17.95

A multi-level 'Space Invaders' type game to reinforce the 4 basic math operations (addition, sub- traction, multiplication and divi- sion). Problems become more dif- ficult as you progress. Hl-res. graphics, joystick required.

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programs. Specify grade 4,5,6 or 7.

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VOCABULARY BUILDERS • 32X - Great for test preparations. 200 questions, multiple choice, modifiable, printer option. I (grades 3-5), II (6-8) or III (9-12) each $19.95

READING AIDS 4-PAK • Child creates own reading material. $19.95

GRAPH-IT • by D.Steele - Graph sets of algebraic equations. $14.95

HISTORY GAME-32K-by I. Keellng-")eopardy" type US facts game $14.95

KNOW TOUR STATES-32K-by LXeeling-Name all hires, states $19.95

MUSIC DRILL • by D.Steele - Identify notes of many scales. $19.95

GRAPH TUTOR - 32K - by C. Phillips - Create, use line, bar, pie

plctographs. Hi-res $19.95

PRESCHOOL SERIES - By I. Kolar. each $11.95

Pre. 1 Counting, number recognition; Pre. 2 - Simple Addition; Pre. 3 • Alphabet Recognition.

FRENCH OR SPANISH BASEBALL - By S Blyn each $1 1.95

Vocabulary practice. 200 words. Modifiable. Specify language. Ike I* 32X (500 words) $19.95

HEBREW BULLETIN BOARD-by J.Kolar-utility to print words. $15.95

HEBREW ALPHABET • Learn the letters of this alphabet $11.95

•••A BYTE OF COLOR BASIC - Beginner's manual t exercises $ 4.95

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CIRCUS AD VENTURE-by Steve Blyn 16K-Klds adventure pme. $1 1.95

SCHOOL MAZE • by Steve Blyn 16K - Kids graphic adventure. $11.95

HAMSTER HUNT - by LAD Weston 32K - Beautiful graphics in

this charming new kids adventure pme. $19.95

MR. COGOHEAD • by Steve Blyn - Create over 10,000 funny facet. Surprise commands. Very creative. $16.95

TALKING WIZARB - voice by Classical Computing - Child-sized

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HORSERACE -t)y RAP Armstrong -Hi-res. race for all ages. $11.95

/^

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ccimHCATiOH

SEAL

Dealers inquiries Invited.

FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE

Pleas* add $1.00 per order for pos

Blank Cassettes with Labels 3For$ 2.00

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r for postage. N.V. residents, please add proper tax. FREE set of BINARY DICE, Including full directions, wtth orders of 2 or more Items Authors: We are seeking qusllty children's software for leisure or learning. Write for details. Top RoyeltJea, TRS-80 Color Computer. TD PSystem 100.

Create messages in bright color graphics with

By Doug Lindsay

This article describes, in detail, modifications that 1 have added to a line program by Mr. David Stcycr (see the Rainbow. January 1983. Page 190). The mod- ifications are designed to lake advantage of some of the capabilities of Radio Shack's CGP-220 and produce "solid" color or inverse graphic characters using the CGP's "bit- image" mode. If you liked this program running in the non-graphics mode, as I did. then I'm sure you will enjoy the colorful result of this modification running your CGP-220. The printer control code additions modifications, which represent the primary alterations, are documented within the BASIC program lines and. although they are for the CGP-220. probably are easily adaptable to codes for other printers capable of "bit-image" graphics.

Color Graphic Banner utilizes the ability of the CGP-220 printer to switch back and forth between the text and bit- image modes. The text mode is the mode the printer is in when it is switched on and is primarily utilized to print alpha-numeric characters. By using special printer control codes, the CGP can alter the color of text characters and can be set to the bit-image mode, in which it "assumes" that it will receive instructions for printing a dot or column ol dots (up to seven dots high) in one or more of up to 640 such columns across in one row. In addition, upon entering the bit-image mode the printer "assumes" that any such rows of dot-columns will be adjacent to one another vertically and. thus, a line-feed in this mode leases no space between rows. When exiting the bit-image mode, the color, and other conditions, which existed prior to entry, arc restored.

With this information in mind. I shall discuss all the changes in the listing that follows.

(Doug Lindsay is a personnel analyst for the City of Everett ( Wash.) He possesses a bachelor 's degree in psy- chology and a master's in public administration. Doug finds satisfaction in both serious and not-so-serious Color Computer programming.)

The first modification occurs in line 60 which clears twice as much string space, since 1 chose to add strings in which to build graphics information and store control codes while retaining the original string variables. The poke in line 60 is optional and allows data to be sent at the highest rate at which the CGP-220 can operate. You must, however, make sure that the Baud rate select switch (located on the rear panel of the printer) is placed next to the proper setting. Thai is. if you elect not to use the poke, set the switch next to the number 600. If you leave the poke in. set the switch next to the number 2400.

Line 100 contains a change in the input to variable "LG" and. thus, allows for selection of the CGP's 91 text-column line width.

line 1 20 prompts for a wider (seven instead of five) sug- gested character width because the bit-image line-feed com- pacts rows of graphics which makes the Color Graphic Banner characters narrower than the non-graphic ones.

Line 145 adds a brand new input statement which prompts the user to select a character color and stores the numerical code for the selection in the variable "CL."Thc color codes are listed in the CGP-220 manual, but please note that 1 have chosen to modify two of the designations. I'm sorry, but what the book calls violet looks like blue tome and vice versa.

Line 275 directs storage of a series of control codes in variable "LFS." CH RS( 18) places the CGP in the bit-image mode. CHRS( 13) does a line-feed (remember, it's compact because of the bit-image mode) and CHRS(30) causes an exit from the bit-image mode, as well as restoration of all prior text mode conditions. This allows using simpler BASIC commands to send blank spaces to the printer rather than utilizing a more complex print-head positioning routine.

Line 485 simply sends the CGP's color change control code CHRS(27) "T" followed by the numerical color code stored in variable "CL."

Line 510 retains the original program's string variable "BS" to control centering of graphic characters on the banner. Lines of characters are built in a new variable "GFS." This variable builds a line of "solid" color and or

May 1984 the RAINBOW 41

spaces ofa particular height (as specified in variable "HH").

The actual color graphic portion of the line consists of the Following: CHRS(I8). for bit-image initiation; CHRS(28), signals repetitions ofa graphics dot-column: CHRS(HH*7), sends the number of repetitions: CHRS(255). defines the dot-column pattern to be repeated (in this case it is a 7-dot column). This sequence of codes causes printing of HH*7 dot-columns in a row. Each column, in turn, is 7 dots high. CH RS(30). as you may recall, causes exit to the text mode. The "solid" color graphic effect, of course, results from the density of the lines of color dot columns "packed" together by means of the bit-image line-feed. The banners produced are colorful and easily read even from quite a distance.

Line 540 clears the graphic line-building strings before looping to set up the next line ol graphic information to be sent.

Line 555 sends a line-feed code merely to empty the prin- ter buffer and. thus, avoid incidental printing ol garbage. I his line also clears the screen and prompts for an easy restart. I have found that mixing various colors of letters, words and or symbols by creating them one at a time can yeild eye-catching banners, nametags. labels etc.

Line 560 restarts or prints some colorful credits, prior to setting the print color to black and ending the program.

As Mr. Sleyei stated in the article that was published with the original version, the program supports all ASCII char- acters (though the lowercase lettersare sans descenders) and I've found that attractive name tags can be generated in the inverse mode. Lor example, try a character height setting of one and width ol two. These settings yield elongated graphic characters such as those in the sample output.

I hope you have fun creating your messages in bright color

HARDWARE

PRODUCTS FOR THE

TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER

SOLDERLESS MEMORY UPGRADES

Installs in 15 minutes without removing SAM chip. Includes lully- illuslraled instructions. IC extractor. RAM button, and 90-day unconditional warranty Please specify board series These upgrades are nol compatible with the Color Computer 2

4K— 16K *20°" • 16K-32K '40" • 4K— 32K '50"

SERIAL SWITCHER

Bi-direcllonal switcher allows you to expand your serial port lo two or three peripherals or lo connect one peripheral to two or three computers 2 Port* '25" • 3 Port! '30"

Available with mounted Pilot Light— Add '5"

I.C.s

Basic ROM 1 2 E.C.B ROM 1.1 . D.E.C.B ROM1 1

'35" •60"° '35°

68096 -CPU

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•25"

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•20"

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Requires 1 1 or newer Basic ROM

Send your operating 285 (F) Series

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For D. or E Series boards, add '2000

If necessary, add '3500 for new ROM

TERMS: Cashier's checks and money orders for immediate delivery • Personal checks allow 2 weeks ■ Orders S100 to S199 save 10% • $200 and over save 15% • California residents add 6% • Orders under S25 add $2 shipping • C O.D add $4

4418 E. Chapman Ave., Suit* 284

Orange, CA 92669

(714) 639-4070

VIDTRON

graphics. Kids of all ages seem to take great pleasure in seeing their name in a Color Graphic Banner and. if you're not too shy. you can drop hints that CGP ink packs (as well as paper) make really nice gifts!

^

145 80

320 12

485 161

580 233

END 189

The listing:

60 CLEAR 500: POKE 150,18 ' MOD T

O CLEAR EXTRA STRING SPACE AND P

OKE COP'S HIGHEST (2400) BAUD RA

TE

70 DIM A«(3),D*<4),E«<&)

80 GOSUB 580

90 CLS: PRINT"* C. G. BANNER

*":PRINT"BY DAVID STEYER" : PRINT "WITH CGP MODS BY DOUG LINDSAY": PRINT

100 INPUT "91 OR 132 COLUMN PRINT ER (9/13)";LG:lF LG=9 THEN LG=91

ELSE IF LG=13 THEN LG=132 ELSE 'CGP MOD FOR 91 COL. CAPABILITY 110 PR I NT "CHARACTER HEIGHT <1-";

RADIO SHACK„, COLOR COMPUTER

ADVANCED MATH PROGRAMS

for

ENGINEERS • PHYSICISTS • STUDENTS

FUNCTION GRAPHING MODULE 16K EXT-S19.95

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* COMPUTE FUNCTION VALUES & ZEROS

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* COMPLETE MANUAL — PROGRAM ON TAPE

CALCULUS MATH MODULE 32K EXT-S37.95

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RAINBOW

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^

RAINBOW

CER't'tCAHOH

the RAINBOW May 1984

INT(L8/10)")"j:INPUTHH:IF HH< 1 O R HH>INT(LG/10) THEN 110 120 PR I NT "CHARACTER WIDTH (1-10) ":IFLQ=91 THEN PRINT" (7 OR LESS RECOMMENDED) " ' CGP MOD FOR SLIQ HTLY WIDER CHARACTERS BECAUSE OF

COMPACT BIT- IMAGE LINE FEED 130 INPUTWD:IF WD<1 OR WDM0 THE N 120

140 INPUT "INVERSE (Y/N)";Y*:IF Y »»»Y" THEN Y*=" " ELSE Y*-"l" 145 INPUT"COLOR (BK/R/B/Y/V/M/BL ) " ; CL* : I FCL*= " BK " THENCL-48 ELSE I FCL*= " R " THENCL=49 ELSE I FCL*= " 6 " T HENCL-50 ELSE I FCL*- " Y " THENCL-5 1 ELSE I FCL*= " V " THENCL=52 ELSE I FCL* - " M " THENCL-53 ELSE I FCL*- " BL " THEN CL=54 ELSE 145 ' CGP MOD LOADS PR INTER COLOR CODE INTO CL 150 PRINT"ENTER BANNER TEXT <32 CHARACTER LIMIT)" 160 LINE INPUT TX*

170 IF TX*-"" OR LEN<TX*)>32 THE N 150

180 A*=A*(RY)

1 85 LF*=CHR* < 1 8 ) +CHR* (13) +CHR* ( 3 0) ■ CBP MOD LOADS PRINTER CONTR OL CODES FOR BIT-IMABE LINE FEED INTO LF*

1 90 PM0DE4 , 1 : PCLSl: SCREEN 1,0

• Brings operating temperature to ambient, regardless

accessory load

• Reduces temperature of ENTIRE computer . . . not just the SAM chip

• Easy 1 -minute installation

• $39.95

Companion Keyboard Cover $7.95 Co Co Software

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200 IF Y*-" " THEN PCLS0

210 FOR 1=1 TO LEN(TX*)

220 A-ASC(MID*(TX*,I,l))-32

230 IF A<24 THEN RY=0 ELSE IF A<

47 THEN RY=1 ELSE IF A<70 THEN R

Y=2 ELSE RY=3

240 A=A-(RY»23)

250 FOR X=0 TO 4

260 IF A=0 THEN Y=0:BOTO280

270 Y=VAL("ScH"+MID*(A*(RY) , ( (A-l

)*10)+(X*2)+1,2))

280 D*(X)="

290 IF Y>127 THEN Y-Y-12B:D* (X)-

300 IF Y>63 THEN Y-Y-64: D* (X) -LE

FT*(D*(X)t 1)+"1

310 IF Y>31 THEN Y=Y-32:D* (X)-LE

FT*(D*(X),2)+"1

320 IF Y>15 THEN Y=Y-16:D* (X) -LE

FT*(D*(X),3)+"1

330 IF Y>7 THEN Y-Y-8: D* (X) -LEFT

*(D*(X),4)+"1

340 IF Y>3 THEN Y-Y-4: D* (X) -LEFT

*(D*(X),5)+"1 "

350 IF Y>1 THEN Y=Y-2: D* (X)-LEFT

*(D*(X),6)+"1 "

360 IF Y>0 THEN D*(X) -LEFT* (D* (X

) J7)+"l"

370 NEXT X

380 E*(0)-LEFT*(D*(0),5)

SOFTWARE

PRODUCTS FOR THE

TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER

T.M.

EDITTRON

Full-Screen BASIC Program Editor SAVES YOU TIME!

Let EDITTRON cut your programming time in halt! You will appreciate the absolute ease at which this Full-Screen Editor allows you to INPUT, EDIT, and DEBUG your BASIC programs. EDITTRON performs these functions:

CURSOR-CONTROL

Directional Movement Screen Scrolling Home the Cursor Limit the Cursor Down Page Up Page Search a Line Call a Line Find a String Repeat Find

SCREEN-EDITING

Change Characters Extend a Line Kill a Line Insert Characters Delete Characters Move a Line Split a Line Copy a Line Merge Two Lines Auto-Numbering

Other features include: Auto-Repeating keys, Key Tone, user-friendly Prompts and Error Messages, and 24 pages of comprehensive, easy-to-read Documentation.

EDITTRON is a 3K, fully position-independent Machine Language program that reauires a minimum 16K of RAM, and Extended Color BASIC. CASSETTE $35 DISKETTE $ 4Q

4418 E. Chapman Ave., Suite 284 Orange, CA 92669

f714) 639-4070 ^Oj- « v

VIDTRON

May 1984 the RAINBOW

390 E*(1)-RIGHT*(D*(0),3)-H_EFT*( D*(l),2)

400 E*<2)=MID*<D*<1> ,3,5) 410 E*(3)=RIBHT*(D*(1),1)+LEFT*( D*(2),4>

420 E*(4)-RISHT*(D*(2),4)+LEFT*( D*(3),l)

430 E*(5)=MID*(D*(3) ,2,5) 440 E* (6) -RIGHT* (D* (3) , 2)+LEFT*< D*(4) ,3)

450 FORX-0 TO 6: FOR Y-l TO 5 460 IF MID*(E*(X),Y, 1)=Y* THEN P RESET(Y+(I-1)»8,3+X) ELSE PSETCY +(I-1)*8,3+X) 470 NEXTY,X 460 NEXT I

485 PRINT#-2,CHR*<27) "T" CHR*(C L> ' CBP MOD SENDS CONTROL CODE FOR COLOR <CL> SELECTED IN LINE 145 TO PRINTER

490 FOR I=LEN(TX*>»8 TO 0 STEP-1 500 FOR Y-l TO 10

510 IF PPOINT(I,Y)=0 THEN B*-B*+ STRINB* (HH, "#" ) : BF*-BF*+CHR* (18) +CHR* (28) +CHR* (HH#7) +CHR* <255) +C HR* ( 30 ) ELSE B*=B*+STR I NG* ( HH , " " ) : SF*-BF*+STR I NG* ( HH , " " > * CBP MOD IN THIS LINE BUILDS LINES OF "SOLID" COLOR AND/OR SPACES IN

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JAIL - A COMBINATION OF SPELLING, FUN PROGRAMS. JUMBELED UP WORDS, HINTS USER CONTROL, IT'S ALL HERE. .16. 95

2FER - 2 LOW RES GRAPHIC GAMES ON ONE TAPE. GONDOLA - FLY OVER THE HILL AND LAND BETWEEN THE TREES, IF YOU CAN. COPYCAT - SIMON TYPE FUN 9.95

16K EXT BASIC REQ'D (ARCADE ACTION IS MACHINE LANGUAGE BUT ACCESSES EXT ROM)

MC, VISA or COD 24 HOUR SERVICE ADD $2 PER ORDER FOR P&H

tel 203/644-1817 VISA'

MrR«

68 KELLY ROAD

SO WINDSOR CT

06074

GF*

520 NEXTY

530 FOR R-l TO WD: PRINT#-2, STRIN B* < INT (LB-LEN (B*) ) /2, 32) ; BF*l : PR INT#-2,LF*;:NEXT R ■ CGP MOD IN THIS LINE SENDS COLOR /SPACES (GF *) AND BIT-IMAGE LINE FEED (LF*) TO PRINTER. NOTE THAT B* IS RET A I NED TO GOVERN THE CENTERING OF

CHARACTERS ON THE PAPER 540 B*="":BF*="" \ CGP MOD HERE CLEARS GRAPHICS STRING (SF*) 550 NEXT I

555 CLS : PR I NT#-2 , LF* : PR I NTQ203 , " ABA IN Y/N?"; ' CBP MOD HERE SEND S A LINE FEED TO CLEAR THE PRINT ER BUFFER. REMAINDER OF THIS LI NE ALLOWS EASY RE-ENTRY WHEN CHA NBINB LETTER OR WORD COLOR 560 A*« I NKEY* : I FA*- " " THEN560ELSE IFA«>"Y"THENPRINT#-2, " * C. 6. BANNER#BY DAVID STEYER 19 B2 RAINBOW MAGAZINE" : PR I NT#-2, C HR* (27) "T"CHR* (54) ; "with CBP-220 mods by Doug Lindsay 1984":PRIN T#-2, CHR* (27) "T"CHR* (48) J STRINB* (10,10):ENDELSE90

580 A* ( 0 ) = " 63 1 8C03 1 8052800000000 2B60DA8007568E2D5C0C644444C60452 88AC9A01 1 10000000088842082082084 222000 1 1 DF7 1 0000 1 09F2 1 0000000C6 1 1 00000 1 F000000000003 l 80004444400 074675CC5C0230842 1 1 C074426443E07 44260C5C0 1 1 95F 1 0840FC2 1 E0C5C0746 1 E8C5C0FC44442 1 00 " 590 A* ( 1 > - " 7462E8C5C07462F0C5C00 3 1 80630006300C6 1 1 000888820820003 E0F8000820822220074444200807442D AD98022A3 1 FC620F463E8C7C0746 1 084 5C0F463 1 8C7C0FC2 1 E843E0FC2 1 E8420 0746 1 0BC5C08C63F8C6207 1 0842 1 1 C03 8842 1 49808CA98A4A20842 1 0843E08EE B58C6208C7359C620 "

600 A* ( 2 ) = " 7463 1 8C5C0F463E842007 463 1 ACDE0F463EA4A207460E0C5C0F90 842 1 0808C63 1 8C5C08C63 1 8A8808C635 AEE208C544546208C5442 1 080F844E44 3E0390842 1 0E004 1 04 1 0400E 1 0842 1 38 023 AA42 1 0800 1 1 1 F4 1 00000000000000 0 1 C 1 7C5E0843D 1 8C5C000 1 F084 1 E0085 F 1 8C5C000 1 D 1 F4 1 C0 "

610 A*(3)="0191E42100001F1785C08 43D 1 8C62020 1 842 1 1 C0 1 0042 1 4980842 32E4 A206 1 0842 1 1 C0003D5AD6 A0003D 1 8C62000 1 D 1 8C5C0003D 1 F420000 1 F 1 78 420003D 1 8420000 1 F0707C0023C8420C 00023 1 8C5C00023 1 8A880002B5AD5C00 022A22A200023 1 784C0003E2223E0 " 620 RETURN

44

the RAINBOW May 1984

Library

Modern Times ^

The Library Concept

State of the Art, Quality, Integrity, Compatibility and Affordability. Five things good software must possess. Five things that epitomize the VIP Library'". Each program is the diamond of its class, true excellence. These programs are first in features, first in power, first in memory, and all are affordably priced. And for your convenience all disk programs can be backed up.

State Of The Art

All Library programs are written in machine code specifically for the Color Computer, to work without the interference of a separate operating system such as FLEX. From this comes speed and more work- space for you. Unlike other programs for the Color Computer which are said to be 64K compatible, VIP Library'" programs are not limited to between 24 and 30K of workspace in 64K. Library programs have Memory Sense with BANK SWITCHING to fully use all 64K. thus giving up to 51 K with a disk version and up to 53K with a tape version.

Easy To Use

Each Library program was carefully designed to be extremely easy to use. Built-in on-screen help tables are at your fingertips, as are menus of all kinds. Every effort is made to use logical, intuitive and easy-to- remember commands. The manuals have been thoughtfully prepared to cover every aspect of the program, and they have complete tutorials to get you going right away. We set the standard!

Lowercase Displays

State-of-the-Art graphics allow instant use of four display colors, and eight lowercase displays featuring descending lowercase letters. You can select from 51, 64 or 85 columns by 21 or 24 lines per screen, with wide or narrow characters in the 64 display. These screens provide a pleasant and relaxing way to perform your tasks, with as much text on the

. PICTURE getting your instantaneous investment report over the phone, using it in your spreadsheet calculation, generating a report, and writing a memo including that report and data from your database with your word processor, and all this with VIP Library1" programs ..."

screen as is possible. Each program is easy to learn and a joy to use. We take pride in the stringent testing done to make these programs per- form flawlessly. Every feature, every convenience, sleek, simple and elegant.

Total Compatibility

All Library programs are compatible. Transfer and use of files between programs is easy and carefree. What's better, when you have learned one program the others will come easy. And every program is the best of its kind available.

RAINBOW

CERTIFICATION SEAL

The Library Programs

For your writing needs is the VIP Writer'", and its spelling checker, the VIP Speller'". For financial planning and mathematical calculations you can use the VIP Calc'". To manage your information and send multiple mailings there is the VIP Database'". For sending all these files to and from home or the office and for talking to your friends you can have the VIP Terminal'". Finally, to fix disks to keep all your Library files in good repair we offer the VIP Disk-

Mini Disk Operating System

The Disk versions each have a Mini Disk Operating System which will masterfully handle from 1 to 4 drives. It offers smooth operation for such features as the ability to. read a directory, display free space on the disk, kill files, save and automatically verify files, and load, rename and append files. Library programs simply do not have the limitations of BASIC.

Professionalism

The Library will grace your work area with the professionalism it deserves. Welcome the VIP Library'" into your home and office.

A description of each of the Library programs, with the special sale price, is contained in the following pages. Please indulge!

e>1983 by Softlaw Corporation

VIP Writer

(Formerly Super "Color" Writer II)

By Tim Nelson

IN RAINBOW, HOI COCO. COIX N<2W^ COMPUTER MAGAZINE & COLOR COMPUTER WEEKLY

The most powerful and easy-to-use word processor is available in the showpiece and workhorse of the Library: The VIP Writer". Because of its undisputed superiority over all Color Computer word processors, it was selected by Dragon Data Ltd. of England and TANO in the U.S., to be the Official Word Processor for their line of Dragon microcomputers.

The result of two years of research, the VIP Writer'" offers every feature you could desire from a word processor. It is the most powerful, fastest, most dependable and most versatile. With the hi-res display, workspace and compatibility features built into the Library the Writer is also the most usable.

". . . Nearly every feature and option possible to implement on the Color Computer. The design ol the program is excellent; the programming is flawless . . . Features lor the professional, yet it is easy enough for newcomers to master . . . Certainly one of the best word processors available for any computer . . ." October 1983 "Rainbow"

"Word processing with VIP Writer is like driving a high-performance vehicle . . This Ferarri of a package has more features than Telewriter, Easywriter (for the IBM PC), or Applewriter." October 1983 "Hot CoCo"

The Writer will work with you and your printer to do things you always wanted to do. Every feature of your printer can be put to use, every character set, every graphics capability at any baud rate, EVEN PROPORTIONAL SPACING. All this with simplicity and elegance. You can even automatically print multiple copies.

Although all versions feature tape save and load, the disk version provides the Mini Disk Operating System common to the whole Library, plus disk file linking for continous printing.

Professional features of particular note:

■ Memorv-Spnse with RANK swur Hivr. ... full., i,i!l;» civ „-,..;

not just 24 or 30K, but up to 61 K of workspace with the rompak version and 50K with the disk version.

ON THE SCREEN BEFOREPRINTING.showing centered lines, headers. FOOTNOTFS. napp hrpakt ninnnni..! X. »>*■•«!•» ;„ II I .1 i

up to 240 characters. It makes HYPHENATION a snap.

■ A TRUE EDITING WINDOW in all 9 display modes for those extra wide reports and graphs (up to 240 columns!).

■ FREEDOM to imbed any number of PRINTER CONTROL CODES anywhere, EVEN WITHIN IUSTIFIED TEXT.

■ Full 4-way cursor control, sophisticated edit commands, the ability to edit any BASIC program or ASCII textfile. SEVEN DELETE FUNCTIONS, LINE INSERT, LOCATE AND CHANGE, wild card locate, up to TEN SIMULTANEOUS block manipulations, word wrap around, oroerammahlp tahs. dknlav mpmnru ucpH anH loft •>, .«_! l .i.l,

space, and headers, footers and FOOTNOTES.

■ Automatic justification, automatic pagination, automatic centering, automatic flush right, underlining, superscripts, subscripts, pause print, single-sheet pause, and print comments.

■ Type-ahead, typamatic key repeat and key beep for the pros, ERROR DETECTION and UNDO MISTAKE features. 3 PROGRAMMABLE func- tions, auto column creation, and an instant on-screen HELP TABLE.

(Comes with tape & disk) $5

, (Includes VIP Speller)

^VIP Speller^

RAINBOW By Bill Argyros Gone are the eyestrain, boredom and fatigue from endless proof- reading. VIP Speller'" is the fastest and most user-friendly speller for your CoCo. It can be used to correct any ASCII file — including VIP Library'" files and files from Scripsit" and Telewriter" It automatically ' ks files for words to be corrected, marked lor special attention or , added to the dictionary. You can even view the word in context,

i unripr ;ind lrtu/prr.-np VIP *ir»«.ll..*'" mn><*t ,»,iik -, rnn*-;^ll.. — lunJ

50,000 word dictionary which, unlike other spellers for the CoCo, is indexed for the greatest speed. The shorter your file, the quicker the checking time. And words can be added to or deleted from the dictionary or you can create one of your own. VIP Speller'" also comes with the Library's mini disk operating system for easy disk manipulation.

32K DISK ONLY $39.9.5

Lowercase displays not available with this program.

Library

VIP Calc ™^

(Formerly Super "Color" Call) RAINBOW

ciMiim*--

By Kevin Herrboldt «"

You can forget the other toy calcs — The real thing is here! No other spreadsheet for the Color Computer gives you:

• 20 ROWS BY 9 COLUMNS ON THE SCREEN AT ONCE

• LOWERCASE LETTERS WITH DESCENDERS

• FLOATING-POINT MATH

• CHOICE OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE PRECISION

• UP TO 512 COLUMNS BY 1024 ROWS

vi ■ i 3Mriam:«,',m:u,\i3.Trti:*j

• LOCATE FUNCTION TO FIND CHECK NUMBERS, NAMES, ETC.

• COLUMN/ROW MULTIPLE SORTS

• PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTIONS

• IMBEDDABLE PRINTER CONTROL CODES

• 21 ALTERABLE PRINT FORMAT PARAMETERS

• ON-LINE HELP TABLES

• DOES NOT REQUIRE FLEX OR BASIC

VIP Calc'" is truly the finest and easily the most

iiMfWlui '-m «]i«] 'ir. miwi llBlti \JM mm \ tUMMn l i

Computer. Now every Color Computer owner has access to a calculating and planning tool better than VisiCalc'", containing all its features and commands and then some, WITH USABLE DISPLAYS. Use Visicalc templates with VIP Calc"!

There's nothing left out of VIP Calc". Every feature you've come to rely on with VisiCalc" is there, and then some. You get up to 5 TIMES the screen display area of other spreadsheets for the Color Computer and Memory-Sense with BANK SWITCHING to give not just 24, or 30, but UP TO 33K OF WORKSPACE IN 64K!!! This display and memory allow you the FULL SIZE, USABLE WORKSHEETS you require. You also get: User definable worksheet size, up to 512 columns by 1024 rows! * Up to SIXTEEN VIDEO DISPLAY WINDOWS to compare and contrast results of changes • 16 DIGIT PRECISION • Sine, Cosine and other trigonometric functions. Averaging, Exponents, Algebraic functions, and BASE 2, 8, 10 or 16 entry ' Column and Row, Ascending and Descending SORTS for comparison of results * LOCATE FORMULAS OR TITLES IN CELLS * Easy entry, replication and block moving of frames * Global or Local column width control up to 78 characters width per cell • Create titles of up to 255 characters per cell * Limitless programmable functions • Typamatic Key Repeat * Key Beep *

or dot matrix printer • Combine spreadsheet tables with VIP Writer" documents to create ledgers, projections, statistical and financial reports and budgets.

Both versions feature Tape save and load, but the disk version also has the Mini Disk Operating System of the entire Library.

32K (Comes with tape & disk) $59.95

32K has no hi-res displays, sort or edit.

Check These Library Prices:

Fully CoCo 2 Compatible Nine Display Formats: 32 by 16 51, 64, 85 by 21 or 24 True Lowercase & Descenders Four Different Display Colors

■ 32 & 64K Compatible Memory Sense - Bank Switching

■ Up to 51 K Disk, 53K Tape Mini Disk Operating System Compatible With All Printers

VIP Terminal7^

(Formerly Super "Color" Terminal! iff \\j

RAINBOW By Dan Nelson

From your home or office you can join the communication revolution. The VIP Terminal" opens the world to you. You can monitor your fnvestments with the Dow Jones Information Service, or broaden your horizons with The Source or CompuServe, bulletin boards, other computers, even the mainframe at work.

For your important communication needs you've got to go

that you can send and receive programs, messages, even other VIP Library'" files. VIP Terminal" has "more features than communications software for CP/M, IBM and CP/M 86 computers." Herb Friedman. Radio Electronics, February 1984.

FEATURES: Choice of 8 hi-res lowercase diplays • Memory-Sense with BANK SWITCHING for full use of workspace * Selectively print data at baud rates from 110 to 9600 • Full 128 character ASCII keyboard • Automatic graphic mode * Word mode (word wrap) for unbroken words • Send and receive Library files. Machine Language & BASIC programs • Set communications baud rate from 110 to 9600, Duplex: Half/Full/Echo, Word length: 7 or 8, Parity: Odd/Even or None, Stop Bits: 1-9 * Local linefeeds to screen* Save and load ASCII files. Machine Code & BASIC programs • Lowercase masking * 10 Keystroke Multiplier (MACRO) buffers to perform repetitive pre-entry log-on tasks and send short messages * Programmable prompt or delay for send next line * Selectable character trapping * Send up to ten short messages (KSMs), e