Hibrary of the Museum OF

COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

Founded by private subscription, in 1861.

Deposited by Alex. Agassiz.

No BS

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vb Winer sh

MD pai i ah eas

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PROCKEDINGS

OF THE

ESSEX INSTITUTE.

VOL. V.— 1866-7.

ISSUED IN QUARTERLY NUMBERS.

SALEM: ESSEX DS eee PRESS. OP AS66-8.

INDEX

TO

PROF e BEDE NG; SheeveOnie Vic

A.

Additions to the Historical Department, 8, 49, 72, 97, 123, 146, 176.

Additions to the Library, 8, 49, 73, 97, 123, 147, 177, 210.

Additions to the Natural History De- partment, 6, 46, 70, 95, 121, 145, 174, 207.

Agassiz, Prof. L., vote of thanks to, 140.

Agreement between the Institute and Trustees of the Peabody Fund, 143.

Alasmodon undulata, 45.

American Naturalist, the first number announced, 120.

Andover, Field Meeting at, 155.

Geology of, 157.

Indian remains from, 85.

Annual Meetings, 25, 134.

Anodonta, 44.

Ants, Habits of, bysSanborn, 13.

Apaché Indians, remarks on, 172.

Archer, Fidelia W., notice of her dona- tion to library, 137.

Asbury Grove, Field Meeting at, 53. __

Asbury Grove at Hamilton, Mass., His- tory of, 54.

Asbury, Francis, sketch of, 55.

Ashby, Anthony, 111.

Atlantic Telegraph, remarks on and res- olutions passed, 60.

Bartlett, John, communication on dona- tion of shells found in Haverhill, 43.

Beatricea, remarks on, by Hyatt, 187.

Beverly, First Church Records, 206.

Beverly Farms, Field Meeting at, 161.

Black Wart of Plum trees, 107.

Blyth, Samuel, early musical instrument maker, 85.

Bolles, K. C., letter from, relating to Dr. Riddle’s manuscripts, 120.

Boston Massacre Orations, 112.

Boston, England, remarks upon, 182.

Bowlder, singular, 16.

By-laws amended, 61, 62.

Cape Ann, remarks upon History of, 66. Carbolic Acid, Insects destroyed by, 154. Cedar Wood Cases unsafe for shells, 29. Chemistry of the sea, 64.

Chironomus, 187.

Cheeropsis Liberiensis, 6.

Church, “ First,” of Salem, 4. Cisticercus, exhibition of, 106.

City Mills, remarks upon, 24.

Clarke, H. J., on sponges, 59.

Codfish in Massachusetts history, 67.

Committee to confer with Trustees of the Peabody Fund, 119.

Committee on the deposit of the Scien- tific Collections with the Trustees of Peabody Fund, 142.

Conant, Roger, 66.

Cooke, C., on Indian remains, 197.

Correspondence announced, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 15, 23, 40, 42, 53, 58, 63, 65, 81, 82, 86, 93, 105, 106, 107, 109, 111, 119, 130, 182, 133, 153, 156, 162, 171, 185, 187; 191, 201, 205.

Court Records discovered, 206.

Cowan, Robert, early musical instru- ment maker, 85.

Cushman, Robert, concerned in the Cape Ann settlement, 1623-4, 66.

D. Decorah, a remarkable ice cave in, 83. Dog-fish, 59.

E. Endicot house, remarks on, 130. Kozo6én Canadense, 110. Epps or Newhall house, locality of, 130. Esquimaux, burial of, 199. skulls of, presented etc., 134. Exhibition, Microscopical, 17, 87.

F. Field Meetings, 40, 53, 57, 62, 65, 152, 155, 161, 166, 180.

G. Gardner, Samuel, an early mill owner, 24. Gasterosteus Wheatlandii, a new species from Nahant, 4. Geology of Andover, 157. Gilpin, J. B., notes on the Salmon, 107. Girard’s Reptiles of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, thanks for, 109. Gordius aquaticus, 120. Gloucester, Field Meeting at, 65. leads the world in fishing, 67. Gorilla castaniceps, 6. Gould, A. A., Resolyes on decease of, 69.

H. Haddock, remarks upon, by Atwood, 68. Haverhill, Field Meeting at, 40, 152. list of Shells found at, 45. Hail Storm at Salem in 1815, 165. Hamilton, Field Meeting at, 53. Hawthorne, Nathaniel, Leslie presents one of his paintings as a mark of his esteem for, 134.

: .

Higginson, Rey. J., his letier concerning ordinaries in 1670, TL.

Hook, Wm., early musical instrament maker, 85.

Tlorned Pout, albino of, 109,

1. Indian implements, mating, 87. 197, 198. Tnsects, destruction of, by carbolic acid, ete,, 14, Ipswich, Wield Meeting at, 180, Ipswich, remarks on history of, 18st.

mounds and re-

K. Kelly’s Island, Mossils from, etc., 1. Kenoza Lake, 40, 152. King, D. P., memoir of, 98. Kittery, Mield Meeting at, 166,

L. Lamson, record of weather kept by, 4. Leslie, Geo,, presents a painting, 133. Liatris seariosa, 63, Lichenography, American, 191. Liparis, from Mass, Bay, 168, Lodoicea Sechellarun, Ob.

M. Mackerel, remarks on, by Atwood, 68. Maloon Mills, remarks on, 24. Manchester, Field Meeting at, 57. Marblehead, the second tishing town, 67. Microscopes, list of, at the social meet- ings, 28, 1. Microscopes presented by Francis Pea: body, 24. Microscopes, remarks on, by Holmes, 18, Mills, New, a-law suit about, 24. Monotropa uniflora, 55, Morse, 2. S,, his course of lectures, 185. Music in New BHngland, 18s, 201. Musical sands at Manchester, 57. Mycetobin pallipes, 94. Mylodon tound in Oregon, 24.

; N. Nephila plumipes, 56, Noyes, Nicholas, sample ofhis poetry, 12.

oO. Oak leat galls, 17. Otlicers elected, 389, 61, 62, 189. Ogden, John E., microscopic prepara- tions by, 93.

Pe

Peabody, Kvancis, notice of his decease and Resolves passed, 104, 184. Obitu- ary notice of (Extra sheet),

Peabody, George, his donation to Hssex county, Mass,, and an agreement made between the Essex Institute and the Trustees of the Fund, 112, 141.

Peabody, George, his donation to Har- vard University, 86.

Peppervell, Sir William, notice of, 166.

Phaeton Rock, 16,

Physa heterostropha, 44.

Pimelodus, albino, 109,

Plank road in Salisbury, 65,

Plum Weevil, 107,

Portland Society of Natural History; Resolutions relating to the great fire passed by the Institute, 56.

Price, Walter, an early mill owner, 24.

Printing-office of the Institute estab- lished, 136,

ro

Raja erinacea, 162.

Report of Committee on Manuscripts, 36.

Committee on Publications, 86. —— Comnitteeto conter with Trus- tees of the Peabody Fund, te,

Report of Curator of Artioulata, — Curator of Ethnology,

Curator of Radiata, 33.

the Librarian, 28, 187.

the Secretary, 25, 134.

the Superintendent, 28, 138.

—— the Treasurer, 27, 186.

Riddell, J. L., some of his manuscripts saved trom the paper mill, 120.

Ruck’s Village, a section of ancient Sa- lem, 105,

Ss. Salem, the tirst fishing town, 67. Salem, City Seal, 8. Salisbury, Kield Meeting at, 62, Sassatras Tree, the largest in Mass., 59. Scaphiopus solitarius, 42. Scenopinus, remarks on, by Packard, 94, Sequoia gigantea, 3. Shetlield, Lord, concerned in the settle-

ment at Cape Ann, 66,

Shells of Haverhill Ponds, 45. Shot trom Fort Pickering, 1. Siren lacertina, reproduction of parts, 82. Skates, Agassiz’s communication on, 162, Social Meetings at Hamilton Hall, 17, 87. Spinet presented, 8d. Sponges are Animals, 59, Stage Company, Hastern, remarks on, 108. Sticklebacks, new species of, 4.

4h ; Teeth, subject at the Social Meeting, 88. Thereva, larva ot, 94. Thornton, J. W., on history of Cape Ann, 66. Tiger Beetles, 8d. Tolles’? Opapue Uluminator, S4. Torpedo occidentalis, remarks on, 14. Tragabigzanda, name of Cape Ann, 66, True, Joseph, his collection of Massa- chusetits Shells, 2, 28.

Tythingmen, remarks upon, 105,

U. Unio cariosus, 45. —— complanatus, 44, 45. —— nasutus, 44, 46, —— radiatus, 44, 45.

WwW. Welch, Thomas, the last 5th of March Ovation by, 112. Western tour, journal of, 205. West’s Beach, the history of, 164. Whales, Atwood’s remarks on, 110, Wheatland, Richard H., anew species of Gasterosteus, discovered by, 4. Winter Island, shot found there, 1. Witchoratt, papers relating to, 18.

COMMUNICATIONS, VERBAL, BY

UNG Almy, James F., 54. Atwood, E.S., 84. Atwood, N. E., 14, 67, 110.

B.

Babson, John J., 66, 67. Banvard, Joseph, 173. Benson, Samuel P., 56. Bicknell, Edwin, 83, 84, 86,

94, 106, 109, 110, 111. Binney, W. on 63. Bolles, E. C., 30, 173. Butler, Benj amin F., 60.

C. Calthrop, Rey. Mr., 182. Chase, Salmon P., 60, Cooke, Caleb, 85, 94, 106. Coues, Elliott, 172. Crosby, Alpheus, 155, 156, 160

Crosby, D., 160. Currier, W. H. B., 64. D. Dodge, Allen W.., 56, 108, 109, 155. EK.

Haton, Moses, jr., 64. Emerton, James H., 17, 23. F.

Belts Charles W., 154, 187, Mlctolier, J.C., 68. Fowler, Samuel P. , 59, 153.

G. Goodell, A. C. jr., 4, 17, 24, 22, 54, 59, 66, 67, 112, 119, 2, 171, 181, 184, 191, 206.

18h Hitchcock, C. ree 4a Holmes, O. W., Hyatt, Aiphoise 30, 68, 84, 86, 89, 110, 133, 154, 157, 163, 187.

K. Kimball, James, 38.

L. Larabee, Mr., 161. Loring, George B., 64, 116, 153, 156.

M.

Morse, Hdward5S., 2, 68, 83, 86, 89, 112, 120, 133, 134, 154, 157, 163, 178, 183, 187, 205.

Morse Nathan R., 86.

N. Nichols, James R., 64, 152,

154.

O. Oliver, H. K., 67. Ordway, Warren, 155. Osgood, J. C., 182.

1, Packard, A.S., jr., 94, 187, 199. Palmer, Charles R., 160. Peabody, A. P., 165. Peabody, F rancis, 86. Phippen, George D., 55,59, 68, 86, 88, 112, ‘132, 160, 163, 182. Putnam, Fred. W., 1, 2, 4, 6, 15, 16, 17, 24, 56, 59, 63,

67, 82, 107, 109, 119, 120,

183, 134, 154, 163, 172, 181, 184, 186, 197, 205.

R. Rantoul, Robert S., 60, 107, 165. Ropes, Timothy,24, 133, 165.

Ss.

Sanborn, Francis G., 13,

156, 160. Scudder, Samuel H., Seeley, Rey. Dr. Sees Smith, Rev. My., 157. Spofford, Jeremiah, 155. Stevens Benjamin IND 87. Stevens, Charles K., 63, 205. Stimpson, T. M., 184.

a Thayer, J. H., 155. Tracy, C. M., 17, 48, 69, 162) 172.

U. Upham, Wm. P., 105, 161, 182, 204, 206.

We Verrill, A. E., 134.

W.

Walton, H. N., 161, 165. Wassall, Rev. Mr. 182.

Waters, ah G., 184.

Wheatland, Henry, 16, 112, 165, 184.

Wilder, B. G., 56.

Wildes, George D., 3, 4, 34, 86, 173, 181.

Wyman, Jeffries, 88.

COMMUNICATIONS, WRITTEN, BY

A. Agassiz, L., 162. Allen, J. A., 42.

= B. Bartlett, John, 44. Benham, Major, 1. Bolles, H. C., 120.

C. Cooke, C., 83, 198. cones, hiott, 105. Cox, E. T., 82, 197.

E. Emerton, J. H., 34.

G. Goodell, A. C., jx., 38 8, 188, 201

Gould, John J., 205.

H. Historical Society of Penn- y sylvania, 105.

SHS Kendig, A. B., 83. Kimball, James, 13, 205.

M. Melwraith, T., 59.

| Morgan, William Dulicas

O. Ober, Joseph E., 164.

Je, Packard, A S., jr., 3, 197. Putnam, F. W., 28, 138.

R. Rantoul, R. S., 3, 67, 108.

Robinson, John, 35.

Toga baz

Maman. pls

Ss. Stickney, M. A., 3.

oN

Thornton, J. W., 66.

Tracy, C. M., 16.

U. Upham, Wm. P., 24, 36, 111, 130.

Ww. Wadleigh, Samuel FL., 55. Wheatland, Henry, 25, 93, 134.

Whipple, Henry, 107. Whipple, Samuel, 109. Willey, ae ko Wood, HH. C., jr., 197.

RESIDENT MEMBERS ELECTED.

A. Abbott, A. A., 206. Abbott, Thomas Scott, 57. Appleton, Joseph, 121. Arey, Reuben, 204. ‘Austin, Everett E., 132. ‘Averill, James W., 205.

B. Bartlett, James, 56. Beane, Samuel C., 46. Benjamin, C. A., 140. Bicknell, Edwin, 85. Bigelow, Edwin R., 140. Binney, W. C., 69. Bly, J. Frankhn, 204. Boyce, James P., 186. Breed, Henry A., 174. Breed, Hubbard, 201. Brooks, Horace A., 109. Brown, Charles R., 82. Brown, Theodore 187. Browne, Albert G., 107.

1

C. Chase, Preston M., 166. Clarke, N. A., 109. Cogeswell, William, 109. Colby, Edward P., 133. Conant, Joseph, 69. Conant, William P., iLO9S Cook, W.5., 184. Cowles, John P., 183. Cummings, S. P., 182.

D. Dabney, J. P., 86. Dodge Ellen M., 86. Donaldson, Alexand’r, 106. Dudley, Albion S., 134.

E. Eaton, N. H., 188. Emmerton, Charles S., 46. Estes, Charles A., 69.

F. jetcher, Edward H., 201. Fletcher, J. C., 183. Fowler, George P., 182.

G. Gale, James, 57. Gauss, Stephen, 132. Genn, Edwin, 5/7. Griffin, LeRoy F., 201.

H. Hardy, Temple, 144. Harris, Nathaniel B., 15.

Haseltine, Amos, jr., 166. Haskell, Josiah A., 94. Wawkes, Gilbert, 6. Hawkes, N. Mortimer, 15. Henderson, Daniel, 140. Herrick, Horatio G., 206. Hervey, A. B., 107. Hinds, Justin, 133.

Hodges, Thorndike D., 57.

Hooper, Nathan, 85. Howe, Moses, 57.

Hoyt, Mary C., 174. Hutchinson, Samuel, 25.

J. Janes, John, 17. Johnson, Amos H.., 106. Johnson, Daniel H., 106. Jones, Edward W., 204. Jones, John §., 204.

Kk

Kimball, J onathan, 85. King, James Gedney, We

L. Lander, W. W., 94.

Langmaid, Francis A., 191. LeFavour, Joseph W., 40.

Little, Wm. H., 186. Longley, John R., 204. Lord, Samuel A., 109.

M. Mansfield, Iva K., 121. Mansfield, Micajah, B., 6. Margoles, F., 132. McKean, Wim., 109. Meady, Daniel F., 174. Meldrum, Nathan P., 56. Morrill, E., 109. Morse, Nathan R., 82. Mullen, John, 57.

z

Newhall, Josiah, 109. Nichols, Austin P., 57. Norfolk, Walter J., 183. Northey, William, 85.

O. Ober, Frederick A‘., 107. Ordway, Warren, 56.

P. Paine, J. A., jv., 134. Palmer, Charles Ray, 106 Peabody, Alfred S., 144. Perkins, Aaron, 17. Perkins, Edward B., 134.

Perkins, E. R., 17. Perkins, Henry C., 46. Perkins, John W., 86. Phelps, John P., 112. Pickett, John, 109. Pickett, Thomas, 109. Poor, Alfred, 2.

Pope, Henry E., 174. Porter, Warren, 204. Pousland, William, 65. Putnam, John A., 204. Putnam, Moses W., 174.

| Putnam, Melvin B., 204.

Putnam, Wm. H., 204.

R. Reeves, Robert W., 155. Richards, W. W., 189. Robbins, Jesse, 144. Robbins, Nathaniel C., 46. Rogers, Seabury F., 65. Rose, C. W., 183.

Sanborn, Francis G., 2. Saul, Thomas, 106. Scripture, James O., 3. Sears, John H., 57. Shepard, Luther D., 40. ; Silsbee, John Henry, 183. Simonds, Nathaniel G., 17. Smith, Caleb A., 40. Smith, Henry A., 6. Staten, Daniel F., 109. Stevens, John V., 134. Stiles, Dean, 133.

Story, Andrew E., 86. Swan, Charles H., 109. Swett, Jackson H., 69.

T. Tapley, Daniel James, 182. Tucker, James T., 133.

Vv. Very, N. A., 14. Vibert, George H., 191.

WwW. Waite, Abram D., 183. Walcott, Samuel P., 40. Ward, James L., 140. Warren, A. W., 161. Wassall, Joseph, 183. West, H. K., 46. Weston, Wm. L., 57.

.| Williams, George W., 161.

Williams, Henry L., 174. Woods, Henri F’., 144.

CORRESPONDING

A. Agassiz, A. E. R., 5. Andrew, John A., 3. Appleton, Wm. Sumner, 109.

B. Bland, Thomas, 5. Brackett, Cyrus F., 109. Brewer, W. H., 5. Brush, George, J., 5. Butterfield, W. W., 85.

C. Caldwell, Samuel L., 62. Chever, Sarah Ann, 40. Clark, Alvin, 62. Clarke, Francis N., 6 Clark, George H., 62. Clarke, H. James, 6 Conrad, T. A., 5. Coues, Elliott, 40. Cummings, John, jr., 107. Cutting, Hiram A., 62.

D. Dall, William H., 62. Dana, James D., 5.

Davis, Henry, 191. E. Edwards, Arthur M., 62.

G. Goodale, George C., 109. Green, Samuel. A., 17. Guild, "Reuben A., ” 62.

H. Hall, Elihu, 6. Henry, Joseph, a Holbrook, J. E., Holmes, Fr. ancis S., 46. Holmes, Oliver W., 40.

J. Johnston, Christopher, 6.

Kellogg, A.., 6. Kingman, Bradford, pee: Kirtland, i ared P.,

rs Lea, Isaac, 5. LeConte, John L., 5.

MEMBERS ELECTED.

Leidy, Joseph, 5. Logan, William E., 183. Lovett, Thomas D., 40.

Meek, F. B.; Miller, rock W., 185.

: N. Niles, W. H., 17.

12 Perkins, Augustus T., 109. Poole, William Frederick, 109.

Ss. Silliman, Beniamn; 5. Swallow, G 5 (lop Gs

U. Wher wes, 6.

W. Wilder, Burt G., 40. Wilder, Marshall IPs Ne Whitmore, William H., 109. Whitney, J. D., 6.

DECEASED MEMBERS.

B Barden, Stillman, 25. Brown, Nathaniel, 25.

C. Coggswell, Henry, 25.

iD) Ducachet, Henry W., 26

G. Gould, A. A., 69.

K. King, James B., 25 L. Lufkin, Henry S., 25.

N. Neal, Harriet C., 25

S. Shurtleff, Simeon, 26.

T. Tefft, Israel K., 26

W. Willard, Joseph, 26. Williams, Charles F., 25

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

Jen SS ss) dal De BING SS I Ia Op an dene

Monpay, January 1, 1866. Regular Meeting. Rey. G. D. Wixpes in the Chair.

Letters were read from E. Suffert, Havana, Cuba; Dr. A. 8. Packard, Jr., Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist.; E. S. Morse, Portland, Me.; Prof. Theo. Gill, Smithsonian Institution ; Henry A. Smith, Clevel land, Ohio; George R. Bartlett, Providence, R. L; Samuel L. Boardman, Augusta, Me. ; Wm. N. Canby, Wilmington, Del.; Prof. G. C. Swallow, ‘Columbia, Mo. ; Rey. A. B. Kendig, Marshalltown , lowa; Prof. E. D. Cope, Haverford College, Penn.; Dri J. H. Slack, Philadelphia ; W. 4H. Dall, of the Russians American Telegraph Co.; R. E. C. Stearns, San Francisco, Cal.; Prof. Theo. Gill, Washington, D. Cy RtaReves Thomas M. Clark, Providence, R. 1; John Russell Bartlett, Providence, R. 1.; Joseph Peabody, Salem ; American Philosophical Society ; Pennsy lvania Historical Society.

Donations to the Library and Museum were announced.

Mr. W. P. Upham read a letter from Major Benham of the U. S. Ordi- nance Department, requesting that an interesting and curious shot found in the bank on the shore of Winter Island, near Fort Pickering, and presented to the Institute by Mr. Williams, be deposited in the Museum of the U.S. Ordinance Department at Washington. Referred to the Board of Directors.

Mr. Putnam exhibited a collection of Fossils, made at Kelly’s Island, Lake Erie, and gave an account of the Island; alluding to the kind atten- tion he had received from Geo. C. Huntington, Esq., and other residents, during his recent visit to the Island.

The thanks of the Institute were voted to Mr. Huntington for the kind attentions and facilities for collecting afforded to the Superintendent during his visit.

PROCEEDINGS E. I. VOL. VY. Ike APRIL, 1866.

2

Monpay, JANUARY 15, 1866. Regular Meeting.

Vice President GoopE Lt in the Chair.

Letters were read from Wm. N. Canby, Wilmington, Del.; George W. Peck, New York, N. Y.; Capt. A. Hyatt, Baltimore, Md.; Dr. J. G. Thom- as, Riviere-du-Loup-en-bas, C. E.; E. T. Cresson, Sect. Entomological So- ciety of Philadelphia; Prof. E. D. Cope, Philadelphia; A. Holland, Bos- ton; G. L. F. Ball, Rangely, Me.; G. W. Pease, Salem; Rev. E. C. Bolles, Portland, Me.; S. L. Boardman, Augusta, Me.; Jeremiah Colburn, Waldo Higginson and Governor Andrew, of Boston.

The Superintendent exhibited a collection of Massachusetts shells which had been made by Joseph True, of Salem. This collection contains nearly all the species indigenous to Massachusetts ; and among them several rare and interesting species are represented by fine specimens. By the kind- ness of Dr. B. Pickman, this valuable collection has been purchased of Mr. True, and presented to the Institute.

Mr. E. S. Morse, of Portland, spoke of the value of the collection, and gave an interesting account of the structure of the Mollusks; the homolo- gies of the various parts in the several orders; and the habits of a number of the more interesting and rarer species represented in the collection.

Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

Alfred Poor, of Salem, and Francis G. Sanborn, of Andover, were elect- ed Resident members.

Monpay, Frepruary 5, 1866. Regular Meeting.

Vice President GoopELr in the Chair. Mr. Putnam was chosen Secretary pro tem.

Letters were read from James W. Averill, Clerk of Engine Co., No. 1; Dr. H. J. Slack, Philadelphia, Pa.; E. T. Cresson, Sect. Entomological Society of Philadelphia ; Dr. H. C. Wood, Jr., Acad. Nat. Sciences of Phila- delphia; Prof. H. D. Cope, Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia; Prof. Rich- ard Owen, Bloomington, Ing.; C. H. Jones, Sun Prairie, Dane Co., Wisc. ; Elihu Hall, Athens, Ill.; Robert Dinwiddie, Cor. Sect. Lyceum Nat. History of New York ; John Akhurst, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Charles D. Marshall, Cor. Sect. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sciences; Geo. W. Peck, New York; C. F. Robin- son, New York; O. C. Marsh, New Haven, Ct.; Dr. J.G. Thomas, Riviere- du-Loup-en-bas, Canada; Wm. Wood & Co., New York; J. W. Young, Cleveland, Ohio; W.E. Endicott, Canton, Mass.; Capt. Alpheus Hyatt, Baltimore, Md.; A. D. Brown, Smithsonian Institution; W. H. Niles, Southampton, Mass.; Henry A. Smith, Cleveland, Ohio; E. E. Barden, Rockport; J. Colburn, Boston; S. L. Boardman, Augusta, Me.; Miss Lucy Longfellow, Machias, Me.; J. J. Babson, Gloucester, Mass.; James G. Barnwell, Libr. Cincinnati Mercantile Library Association.

The Superintendent called the attention of the meeting to the large col- lection of Plants, Shells, and other specimens received from Mr. Elihu Hall, of Athens, Ill. With the four hundred species of Plants, donated by Mr. Hall, were a number of cones of several species of Rocky Mountain Pines

3

and Spruces, and, as the Institute had also recently received several photo- graphs of the ‘Big trees” of California, Sequoia gigantea Torrey, as well as specimens of their cones, leaves, bark and wood, he gave an account of the forest trees of the Rocky Mountain region, especially of the Spruces, Pines and Redwoods of which specimens were on the table; exhibiting a number of plates, taken from the several volumes of the Pacific R. R. Sur- vey, which illustrated these trees. He also called attention to the important work which had been done by the Government to advance science, as shown by the valuable volumes of the Pacific R. R. and the Mexican Boundary Surveys.

The thanks of the Institute were voted to Mr. Hall for his valuable do- nation.

Donations to the Library and Museum were announced.

Ex-Goyernor John A. Andrew, of Boston, was elected a Correspond- ing member. Rey. James O. Scripture, of Salem, was elected a Resident member.

Monpay, Fepruary 19, 1866. Regular Meeting. Vice President GoopDELL in the Chair.

F. W. Putnam was chosen Secretary pro tem.

Letters were read from Prof. G. C. Swallow, Columbia, Mo.; F. F. Hodgman, Littleton, N. H.; Franklin B. Hough, Lib. Albany Institute; Prof. Theo. Gill, Smithsonian Institution; Prof. G. H. Cook, Rutger’s Col- lege; Prof. S. Tenney, Vassar College; Prof. W. E. A. Aikin, University of Maryland; Joseph E. Chase, Holyoke, Mass.; Hiram A. Cutting, Lu- nenburgh, Vt.; Vincent Barnard, Kennett Square, Pa.; N.S. Shaler, Mu- seum Comp. Zoology; E. Steiger, New York ; Samuel G. Drake, Boston, Mass.; Wm. J. Beal, Union Springs, N. Y.; Prof. D. S. Sheldon, Griswold College; A. lL. Babcock, Sherborn, Mass.; N. Vickary, Lynn, Mass.; C. M. Tracy, Lynn, Mass.; Henry A. Smith, Salem; A. G. Browne, Savan- nah, Ga.; Desmond Fitz Gerold, Providence, R. I.; J. Wingate Thornton, Boston, Mass.; Hon. John A. Andrew, Boston, Mass.

The Secretary read, by title, a communication from Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr., entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of the Larvw, and Notes on the Habits of some spe- cies of ELymenoptera, with figures.” Referred to the Publication Committee.

R. S. Rantoul read a communication giving the history of the Seal of the City of Salem. He also presented, in the name of George Peabody, Esq., the original design of the City Seal, drawn by Mr. Peabody, and also the first impression of the seal in wax, taken by the engraver.

The thanks of the Institute were voted to Mr. Peabody for his valuable donation, and Mr: Rantoul’s communication was referred to the Committee on publication.

Rey. G. D. Wildes made a few remarks on the relation of seals to his tory, and a general discussion followed on the use of the word “ Salem,” on the City seal, instead of “ Solyma,” as given in the design by Mr. Peabody

Mr. Goodell read a communication by M. A. Stickney, entitled “ Alma- nacs and their authors.”” Referred to the Publication Committee.

4

Remarks, relating to the various kinds of almanacs and their uses, were made by Messrs. Rantoul, Upham, Wildes and Goodell.

It having been stated that Mr. Lamson, of this city, had kept a record of the weather for many years, it was voted that the Superintendent be re- quested to ascertain if Mr Lamson would allow the Institute to publish such parts of his record as might be of value to meteorological science.

Mr. Wildes presented a request from Mr. Guild for a drawing of the “First Church,” for publication in his work on Roger Williams. Re- ferred to the Curators of the Historical Department.

Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

Monpay, Marcu 5, 1866. Regular Meeting.

Vice President GoopELL in the Chair.

Letters were read from Prof. B. F. Mudge, Kansas State Agri. Col- lege, Manhattan, Kansas ; Prof. Theo. Gill, Smithsonian Institution ; N.S. Shaler, Museum Comp. Zoology, Cambridge ; Prof. James Bushee, Wor- cester Society of Natural History; Hiram <A. Cutting, Lunenburgh, Vt. ; Henry d’Aligny, Houghton, L. §., Mich.; Edw. 8. Morse, Portland, Me. ; Prof. Wm. E. A. Aikin, Baltimore, Md.; G. K. Gilbert, Rochester, N. Y.; E. Steiger, New York, N. Y.; Prof. L. Harper, New York, N. Y.; H.N. Bartlett, Four Corners, Ohio; 8S. H. Seudder, Dresden, Saxony; Prof. P. D. Bradford, Northfield, Vt.; G. C. Broadhead, Pleasant Hill, Mo.; C. A. Schott, Ass’t U.S. Coast Survey; John C. ‘Trautvine, Philadelphia, Pa.; Benj. S. Lyman, Philadelphia, Pa.; Hon. Isaac Newton, Commissioner U. S. Agricultural Department; W. W. Denslow, Inwood, N. Y.; O. M. Holmes, Boston; G. W. Pease & Co., Salem; Charles Darwin, Bromley, Eng.; Horace P. Chandler, Chicago, Ill.; J. Wingate Thornton, Boston; E. E. Barden, Rockport; Henry A. Smith, Cleveland, Ohio; A. Agassiz, Cambridge; Joel Munsell, Albany, N. Y.; Rev. T. W. Higginson, Newport, R.1., Royal Society, London; 8. L. Boardman, Augusta, Me. ,

Mr. Putnam exhibited several specimens of a species of Two-Spined Stickleback, collected by the late Dr. Richard H. Wheatland at Nahant, on April 15th, 1859. This species differs from Gasterosteus biaculeatus in having the sides of the body posterior to the second dorsal spine free of plates or scales, of which there are from six to eight on the anterior part. The tail is not carinated as in Gasterosteus biaculeatus, neither has it the fleshy ridge characteristic of Gasterosteus Cuvieri; but is smooth as in Gasterosteus quadracus. The size of the fish is a little over one-half that.of Gasterosteus biaculeatus, and its general appearance is short and deep. For this species, which he thought as yet undescribed, he proposed the name of Gasterosteus Wheatlandi, in memory of its discoverer, and he would offer a description and figure of it at a future meeting.

_ Mr. Putnam also gave an account of the habits of the several species of Sticklebacks found in our waters, and described the nests of G. biaculeatus and G. quadracus.

Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

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Prof. Benjamin Silliman; Prof. James D. Dana; Prof. W. H. Brewer, and Prof. George J. Brush, of New Haven, Ct.; A. E. R. Agassiz, of Cam- bridze; Prof. Joseph Leidy; Dr. John L. LeConte; Isaac Lea, LL.D., and T. A. Conrad, of Philadelphia, Pa.; Professor Joseph Henry, Sect. Smithso- nian Institution; Prof. Jared P. Kirtland, of Rockport, Ohio; and Thomas Bland, Esq., of New York, were elected Corresponding members.

Monpay, Marcu 19, 1866.

Vice President GoopELt in the Chair.

Letters were read from G. C. Broadhead, Pleasant Hill, Mo.; Maj. Gen. Alfred Sully, U. S. A., Clinton, Iowa; Dr. A. S. Packard, Boston Society of Natural History; F. G. Sanborn, State Cabinet, Boston; John Akhurst, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Edward Pickering, Boston; Prof. John P. Marshall, Tuf:s’ College; W.H. Niles, New Haven, Ct.; Robert Howell, Nichols, N. Y.; Prof. J. W. Dawson, Montreal, Canada; Dr. N. T. True, Bethel, Me. ; Prof. B. F. Mudge, Kansas State Agricultural College; G. K. Gilbert, Rochester, N. Y.; Capt. Alpheus Hyatt, New York, N. Y.; John G. Anthony, Asst. Museum Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; T. A. Cheney, Havana, N. Y.; Prof. Charles S. Stone, Cooper Union, New York, N. Y.; Prof. Chas. E. Hamlin, Waterville College, Me.; Prof. J. P. Lesley, Univer- sity of Penn.; S. Jillson, Feltonville, Mass.; James M. Shaw, South Water- ford, Me.; James Lewis, Mohawk, N. Y.; W.M. Hunting, Fairfield, N. Y.; Henry Englemann, Belleville, Ill.; Chas. D. Marshall, Corresp. Sect. Buffalo Society Natural Sciences; Dr. E. W. Hubbard, Tottenville, N. Y.; Abijah Bradley, New Haven, Ct.; James P. Kimball, New York, N. Y.; FE: R. Howland, Irvington, N. Y.; H. M. Bannister, Evanston, Ill.; J. D. Parker, Steuben, Me.; T. A. Conrad, Philadelphia, Pa.; Col. R. B. Marcy, U.S. A.; Prof. Chr. Johnston, University of Md.; Prof. W. D. Moore, [rwin’s Sta- tion, Pa.; H. A. Green, Mt. Morris, N. Y.; Prof. H. A. Ward, Rochester University, N. Y.; Prof. H. J. Clark, Cambridge; Thomas Devine, Ottawa City, Canada; John Gebhard, Jr., Schoharie, N. Y.; Henry Rousseau, Troy, N. Y.; U.S. Coast Survey; John G. Hodgkins, Education Office, Toronto, C. W.; Richard Hamant, Worcester Society of Natural History; Albert D. Hager, State, Geologist of Vt.; Prof. J. D. Dana, Yale College; Dr. A. M. Leonard, Lockport, N. Y.; U.S. Bureau of Navigation; Dr. B. F. Shu- mard, St. Louis, Mo.; Prof. E. J. Pickett, Attica, Ind.; L. B. Case, Rich- mond, Ind.; A. Agassiz, Museum Comp. Zoology; Dr. Carl Rominger, Ann

‘Arbor, Mich.; A. M. Edwards, President Am. Microscopical Society, New York; U.P. James, Cincinnati, Ohio; E. F. Cox, New Harmony, Ind.; M. C. Fernald, South Levant, Me.; Dr. J. H. Slack, Philadelphia, Pa.; J. W.Foster, Chicago, Ill.; Prof. A. Litton, St. Louis Medical School; Al. pheus Hyatt, Baltimore, Md.; Prof. J. M. Safford, State Geologist of Ten- nessee, Nashville, Tenn.; Prof. Theo. Gill, Smithsonian Institution; H. M- Raynor, New York; Prof. Joseph Henry, Sect. Smithsonian Institution ; Dr. Ccarles Tufts, Dover, N. H.; E. W. Hilgard, State Geologist of Miss., Ox- ford, Miss.; New York Historical Society; Smithsonian Institution; New England Historic-Genealogical _ Society ; Boston Mercantile Library Association; The President and Trustees of Bowdoin College; Iowa State Historical Society ; Chicago Historical Society; Jeremiah Colburn, Boston ; Wm. Graves, Newburyport; Capt. N. E. Atwood, Provincetown.

Donations to the Library and Museum were announced.

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The Superintendent, on announcing the donations to the Museum, called special attention to the valuable collection of shells presented by the Smithsoni- an Institution, and to the plaster casts of the head of Gorilla castaniceps Slack, and of the skull of Cheropsis liberiensis Leidy, presented by Dr. J. H. Slack, of Philadelphia. He also gave an account of the structure and habits of a fish, a species of Malthea, from Cuba, presented by Nathaniel Kinsman.

Henry A. Smith, of Salem; Gilbert Hawkes, of Lynn; and Micajah B. Mansfield, of Salem, were elected Resident Members.

The following persons were elected Corresponding Members: Prof. J. E. Holbrook, of Charleston, S. C.; Prof. Christopher Johnston, of Balti- more, Md.; Prof. G. C. Swallow, of Columbia, Boone Co., Mo.; Prof. J. D. Whitney, State Geologist of California; F. B. Meek, of Washington, D. C.; Elihu Hall, Athens, Ill.; Bv’t Col. Francis N. Clarke, U.S. A.; Dr. A. . Kellozs, of San Francisco, Cal.; P. R. Uhler, of Baltimore, Md.; and Prof.

o>

H. James Clark, of Cambridge, Mass.

Additions to the Museum and ILnbrary during January, February and March, 1866.

TO THE NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENT. By DonaTION.

Bapsipen, C. A., Salem. Malformed Egg of Domestic Fowl.

Batu, G. L. F., Rangely, Me. Skeleton of a young Black Bear, Ursus americanus Pallas, from Rangely.

Beckett, A. H., Salem. Teeth of a Skate, from Salem. 12 Oyster Crabs, Pinnotheres ostreum.

Boarpman, G. A., Milltown, Me. Antlers of Woodland Caribou, Rangifer Caribou, from Canada. :

Bouuzs, Rev. E. C., Portland, Me. 124 specimens, 19 species, Land and Fresh water Shells, from Maine, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Cuba. 112 specimens, 45 species, Spiders and Insects. 10 specimens, 3 species, Sala- manders ; Tadpoles of Hylodes ; young (asterostei, from vicinity of Portland, Me.

Briaes, Mrs. J. B., Salem. 28 specimens, 23 species, of Shells from various localities.

CarRpPENTER, J. C., Salem. Massive Emery, from Chester, Mass.

Cuoarte, Hon. F. W., Beverly. Large specimen of Porcupine Fish, Diodon sp. ?, from the South Atlantic ?

Cuarke, N. A., Salem. Antlers of a Moose, Alce americanus Jard., from Three Rivers, Canada.

Cooks, Cans, Salem. Hydroids, from under Beverly Bridge. Bud of the Banana Tree, Musa sp., from Zanzibar, Africa.

GARDNER, Henry R.; Salem. 2 Beetles from Brazil.

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Haut, Evisu, Athens, fll. A collection of abont 400 species of Rocky Mountain and Western Plants. Cones of Pinus ponderosa, P. contorta, Abies Menziesi and A. Douglas:. Wignite, from Rocky Mountains. Incrustation of Soda, from the Soda spring near Pike’s Peak. A large collection of Land and Fresh-water Shells, from the Rocky Mountains and Illinois. 5 Field Mice; 1 Shrew; 12 specimens, 10 species, of Reptiles; 9 specimens, 3 spe- cies, of Fishes; 12 Astacus ; from Athens, Ill.

Haskeiy, Carr. Exisan, Salem. Coral, Orbicella cavernosa, from the Water Battery of Vera Cruz.

HenFieELD, Jown, Jr., San Francisco, Cal. By Miss Marrna H. CuisHorm. 4 Photographs of the “Great Trees” of California. Surface Bark and piece of the Wood of the “Father of the Forest.” Section of Bark from a living tree of the same group.

Jones, C. H., Sun Prairie, Wis. Skull of a full grown Prairie Wolf, Canis latrans Say, from Columbia Co., Wis.

Kimpatt, Miss Susan, Salem. 4 species, 10 specimens, of Shells, from West Indies.

Kinsman, NaTHanigEL, Salem. Malthea sp. from Harbor of Cienfue- gos, Cuba. 5

Le Granp, Cuartezs, Salem. Natica duplicata, from New Bedford. Large number of specimens of Atherina notata, from Salem. Bird from Af- rica. Large Fungus, from Gloucester. :

ManninG, James, Salem. 2 Flying Fishes, Hxocetus sp., from the South Atlantic.

Owen, Pror. Ricnarp, Bloomington, Ind. 180 specimens, 62 spe- cies, of Upper and Lower Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Odlitic and Tertiary Fossils; 22 specimens of Minerals, from various localities.

PickmMan, BensAmin, Salem. The ‘ True Collection” of Massachu- setts Shells. 3 specimens of Perea, 3 of Lota, 2 of Hsox, 1 of Leuciscus, 4 of Leucioperca, from Lake Champlain.

Wituiams, W. A., Chelsea. Fossil Shell, from Gay Head.

Prescort, Joun, Grafton, N. H. Log Cock, Hylotomus pileatus Baird, from Grafton.

Ritey, Dante, Salem. Collection of Shells and Corals, from Zanzi- bar and Mozambique, Africa.

~Roxiyson, Joun, Salem. A small collection of Nests and Eggs of Essex Co. Birds. Teeth of a Shark and of a Skate, from Massachusetts Bay. SHeparp, H. F., Salem. Blue Jay, Cyanurus cristatus Sw., and female of Pine Grosbeak, Pinicola canadensis Cab., from Grafton, N. H.

Skerry, Henry F., Salem. 18 specimens, 18 species, Eges of Essex Co. Birds.

Strack, Dr. J. H., Philadelphia, Pa. Plaster casts of head of Gorilla castaniceps Slack, and skull of Charopsis liberiensis Leidy.

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SurrHsonran Institution, Washington, D.C. A large collection of Shells from Jamaica, Panama, Mazatlan, Cape St. Lucas, California and Vancouver. Identified by Dr. P. P. Carpenter. Also a set of the duplicate Shells of Wilkes’ United States Exploring Expedition.

Smita, J. Forv, Salem. Abnormal Egg of Domestic Fowl.

Srsarys, A. E. R., San Francisco, Cal. An identified collection of Californian and Mexican Shells.

Trask, Amos, South Danvers. Malformed Egg of Domestic Fowl. Specimen of “Pudding Stone,” from Roxbury.

Wixpes, G. D., Salem. Japanese Tobacco.

TO THE HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT. By Donarron. —

Browne, Auserr G., Salem. Iron Cap to Pile, used by the Confed- erates in the Defence of the Savannah River.

HasKewt, Carr. Exigan, Salem. Mexican gun-lock, (flint). Piece of the truck of the Flag-Siaff of the Water Battery at Vera Cruz.

KIMBALL, James, Salem. 2 Coins.

Leacs, Wiuiiam, Salem. Indian Sinker dug up in Turner St., Sa- lem.

Le Granp, Cuartes, Salem. Military button.

Peasopy, Grorce, Salem. ‘The original design, and the first im- pression in wax of th2 Seal of the City of Salem.

PerKins, Guorce, Salem. $100 00, $20 00 and $2 00 Confederate bank bills.

Reviance Enarne Co., No. 1, Salem. Bust of Webster.

Rozvinson, JOHN, Salem. Several Historical relics.

Ropes, Miss Susan, Salem. Earthen Water Jar; Native Sandals from Zanzibar. 3 Coins.

SHEPARD, Henry F., Salem. 2 Wristers, worn by Mrs. Webb, 130 years ago.

Witirams, James S., Salem. Sabre surrendered by the Confederates at Tallahassee, Florida. A ‘“ Bushwhacker’s”’ accoutrements.

TO THE LIBRARY. By Donation.

Bemis, M. E., Boston. 7 Pamphlets.

BoarpMAN, Samuet L., Augusta, Me. Holmes’ Agricultural Ad- dress, Oct, 20, 1864, 8vo, pamph. Proceedings at Convention of Publish- ers, &c., of Muiine, 1864, 8vo, pamph. Boardman’s Agricultural Survey of Somerset Co., Maine, 8vo, pamph. Boardman on the Agriculture and In- dustry of Kennebec Co., Me., 8vo, pamph. Maine Farmer for 1862, 3 and 4,3 vols., folio. Triweekly Journal and Age for 1836, 1 vol., folio, Au- gusta. Universalist Union, vols. 2, 3 and 4, 3 vols., 4to, New York, 1836-9.

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Transactions N. Y. Agricultural Society for 1862 and 63, 2 vols., 8vo, Al- bany. 8th and 9th Annual Report of Sec’y of Me. Board of Agriculture, 2 vols., 8vo, Augusta, 1863 and ’4. Drew’s Glimpses and Gatherings at London, and the Great Exhibition of 1851, 1 vol., 12mo0, Augusta, 1852. 3d, 5th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th Annual Rep. of Supt. of Common Schools of Me., 6 pamphlets, 8vo. Watson’s Treatise on Practical Husbandry, 8vo, pamph. 22 miscellaneous Pamphlets.

Boston, City or. Boston City Documents for 1865, 2 vols, 8vo.

Bownitcu, Henry I., Boston. Memorial of N. Bowditch, 1 vol. 4to, Boston, 1865.

BroapHEAD, G. C., Pleasant Hill, Mo. Coal Measures in Missouri by G. C. Broadhead, 8vo, pamph., 1866.

Brooks, Henry M. A Journal of the Travels and Sufferings of Dan- iel Saunders, 16 mo, 1 vol., Salem, 1794. A collection of Handbills, &c., &e,

Corr, Mrs. N. D. Boston Daily Traveller for 1865, 2 vols., folio, Salem Gazette for 1865, 1 vol., folio.

Coursr, WiLxiaM, Quebec. Manuscripts relating to the Early History of Canada, 8vo, pamph., Quebec, 1866.

Exrot, Joun F., Boston. 55 Pamphlets. Several old Newspapers.

Foots, Cazes. Files of several County Papers for the past three months.

Foster, J. W., Chicago, Ill. Geology and Metallurgy of the Iron Ores of Lake Superior, &c., 8vo, pamph. Report of Oakeland Company, 8vo, pamph., 1865. Report of Peninsular Lead Mining Co., 8vo, pamph., 1865. Report on the Coal and Salt Lands of Marietta Run, 8vo, pamph., 1866. Report of New Diggings and Shullsbury Mining Co., 8vo, pamph., 1864.

Green, Samvuet A., Boston. 140 Pamphlets.

Hamtiin, C. E., Waterville, Me. Catalogue of Birds found in the vicinity of Waterville, Me., by C. E. Hamlin, 8vo, pamph.

HanarorpD, Mrs. P. A., Reading. Abraham Lincoln, his Life and Public Services, by Mrs. P. A. Hanaford, 1 vol., 12mo, Boston, 1865. Re- port of School Committee of Reading, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1866. State- ment of Receipts and Expenditures of Reading, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1866.

Harris, Natu’t B. Ross’s American-Latin Grammar, 1 vol., 16mo. Newburyport, 1780.

Hitt, THomas, President of Harvard College. Annual Report of the President and Fellows of Harvard College, 1864-5, 8vo, pamph., Cambridge, 1866.

Hoven, N. J. Supplement to Ichnology of Massachusetts, by E. Hitchcock, 1 vol., 4to, Boston, 1865.

Hoorgrr, Hannay. Brazer’s Sermons, 1 vol., 12mo, Boston, 1849, “ Our Book,” 1 vol., 12mo.

PROCEEDINGS ESSEX INST., VOL. V. 2 MAY, 1866.

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Hueuer-Larour, L. A., Montreal, C. E. Constitution and By-Laws of the Numismatic Society of Montreal, 16mo, pamph., 1863.

Lea, Isaac, Philadelphia. Collection of Papers on the Mollusca, by Isaac Lea, LL.D., 8vo, pamph.

Lewis, Winstow, Boston. Annual Report of Mass. Gen. Hospital for 1865, 8vo, pamph. Valedictory Address to N. E. Hist. Gen. Society, Feb. 7, 1866, 8vo, pamph.

Lorp, N. J. Boston Post, for Oct., Nov. Dec., 1865.

Lorine, Grorce B. Boston Daily Post, 1865.

Mouper, Bens. F., Quindaro, Kansas. Six Public Documents of Kansas. Newron, Isaac, Commissioner of Agriculture. Report on Agricul- ture for 1862, 1863, 1864, 3 vols., 8vo, Washington. Monthly Report of the Department of Agriculture for Jan’y and Feb., 1866, 8vo, pamph.

Nicnors, Groree. Files of Christian Enquirer from Jan. 1 to Oct., 1865.

Owen, RicuarD, Bloomington, Ind. Hopkins’ Discourse on Lincoln, at Bloomington, Ind., April, 19, 1865, 8vo, pamph. Owen’s “‘ The Journey of Life,’ an Allegorical Sketch, March 12, 1865, 8vo, pamph.

Paine, N., Worcester. The Worcester Directory for 1866, 1 vol., 8vo.

Parisu, ArreEL, New Haven, Conn., Annual Report of Board of Edu- cation, 1865, 8vo, pamph. 1

PickmaNn, Bengamin. The Nation, Jan., Feb. and March, 1866.

Pickman, Wit1t1am R. Lambert’s Sermon at St. John’s Church, Jan. 7, 1866, 8vo, pamph. Bolles’ Sermon on Ist Sunday in Advent, 1865, 8vo, pamph.

PornamM, Grorce D. Remarks on Howell’s Patent Homogeneous Steel, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1864.

SueparD, Henry F. 3 Pamphlets.

Simpson, James H., Lt. Col. Engineer Corps, U. 8. A. Report on the Pacific Railroad and Branches, &c., Nov. 23, 1765, 8vo, pamph.

Snow, E. M., Providence, R. I. 12th’Report of the Registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths in Rhode Island, 8vo, pamph., Providence, 1866.

Stonz, Bens. W. The New York Civil List, 1865, 1 vol., 12mo., Albany, 1865. Manual for the use of New York Legislature, 1865, 1 vol. 16mo., Albany, 1865. 8th Annual Rep. of Board of Commissioners of the Central Park, 1 vol. 8vo, New York, 1865.

Stong, E. M., Providence, R. I. 24th Annual Rep. of the Ministry at Large, Providence, R. I., 8vo, pamph.

Sumner, Cuarves, U.S. Senator. Message and Documents Abridged 1864-5, 1 vol.,8vo. Official Army Register for 1864 and 65,2 pamphs. Re- port of Commissioner of Agriculture for 1864, 1 vol.,8yo. Report of Com-

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mittee on the Conduct of the War,3 vols., 8vo. Agriculture of United States in 1860, 1 vol., 4to, Pub. Doc. Report of Committee on the attack on Petersburg, 30 July, 1864, 1 vol., 8vo, Pub. Doc.

TrupneR & Co., London. Triibner’s American and Oriental Litera- ry Record for Jan., Feb., March, 1866.

TuckER, JONATHAN. 25 Almanacs of various years.

U.S. Congress Lipgary. Alphabetical Catalogue of the Library of Congress, 1 vol., 8vo., Washington, 1864.

UnitED SraTes, SURGEON GENERAL'S OrFice. Circular No. 6, 1 vol., 4to. Reports on the Extent and Nature of the Materials for a Medical Surgical History of the Rebellion, 4to, pamph.

Waters, JosEPH G. 29th Auditor’s Report of Milton, 8vo, pamph., Boston, 1866.

Wincuett, A., Ann Arbor, Mich. 1st Biennial Report on Geol. Sur- vey of Michigan, 1 vol., 8vo, Lansing, 1861. Report on Museum of Univ. of Michigan, 8vo, pamph., 1864. Address on the Prairies of Mississippi Valley, 8vo, pamph. 6 Pamphlets.

By ExcHancs.

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. Proceedings vol. VI., pages 365 to end of vol.

AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOciETY. Proceedings of Annual Meeting, Oct. 21, 1865, 8vo, pamph.

AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL Society. Proceedings No. 74.

Boston ATHENZUM. Reports at the Annual Meeting, Jan. 8, 1866, 8vo, pamph. List of Books added from Dec. 1, 1864, to Dec. 15, 1865, 8vo, pamph.

Boston Pusiic Lisrary. 13th Annual Report of the Trustees 1865, 8vo, pamph.

Boston Society or Natura History. Proceedings vol. 4, pages 49-144.

CanapDIAN InstiTuTE. The Canadian Journal, Nov., 1865, and Jan., 1866.

Cuicaco ACADEMY OF ScriENcES. Act of Incorporation, Constitu- tion, &c., 8vo, pamph., Chicago, 1865. Proceedings vol. 1, pages 1-16.

Cincinnati Mercantite Lisrary Association. 31st Annual Re- port for 1865, 8vo, pamph.

Epitrors. American Journal of Science for Jan. and Mch, 1866.

American Mining Index for Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866. Beadle’s Monthly for Jan., Feb., Mch., April, 1866,

Essex Banner for Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866.

Florida Union for Jan., 1866.

Gardener’s Monthly for Dec., 1865, Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866. Gloucester Telegraph for Mch., 1866.

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Haverhill Gazette for Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866.

Historical Magazine for Dec., 1865, Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866. Lawrence American for Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866.

Lynn Reporter for Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866.

Maine Farmer for Jan., Feb., 1866.

North American Review for Jan., 1866.

Salem Observer for Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866.

South Danvers Wizard for Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866. Yonker’s Gazette for Jan., Feb., Mch., 1866.

Towa Strate Hrsroricay Socizery. Annals, Jan., 1866.

Monrtrreat Society or NaturaLt History. The Canadian Natu-. ralist and Geologist for Dec., 1865.

Museum or ComparaTIVE ZooLoay at CampripGe. Bulletin, pp. 1 to 70. Illustrated Catalogue, No. II., 8vo, pamph., Cambridge, 1865.

New Brunswick Naturat History Society. Bailey’s Observa- tions on the Geology of Southern New Brunswick, 8vo, pamph.

New Enauanp Historic-GengaLogicat Society. The N. E. Hist. Gen. Register for Jan. and April, 1866.

Pennsytvania Hisrortcan Society. History of Nazareth Hall, 12mo., 1 vol., Phil., 1855. Eddy’s History of 60th Reg. of N. Y. Vols., 1 vol., 12mo, Philad., 1864. Henry’s Sketches of Moravian Life and Charac- ter, 1 vol., 12mo, Philad., 1859. Rondthaler’s Life of John Heckewelder, 1 vol., 12mo, Philad., 1847. Garrard’s Chambersburg, 1 vol., 8vo, Philad., 1856. Moravians in New York and Conn., 1 vol., 8vo, New York, 1860. Memoirs of Hist. Society of Penn., reprint of vol. 1, vol. 3, pt. 2, vol. 4, pt. 1. Pennsylvania Common Schools, Annual Reports, 1859, 1861, 1863. Philadelphia Public Schools, Annual Reports for 1849 and 1860. Philadel- phia Board of Trade, 6th, 27th and 28th Annual Reports. Minutes of the Quarantine Convention, May, 1857. Report on Taxation, 8vo, pamph., Philad., 1865. Bulletin of Hist. Soc’y of Penn., 10 numbers, also several Pamphlets.

PHILADELPHIA ACADEMY OF NaturaL Sciences. Proceedings for Noy. and Dec., 1865.

PHILADELPHIA ENTOMOLOGICAL Sociery. The Practical Entomolo- gist, Vol. 1, Nos. 4 and 5.

PHILADELPHIA MERCANTILE LIBRARY Company. 43d Annual Re- port, 8vo, pamph., Philadelphia, 1866.

San Francisco Mercantite Lisrary Association. 13th Annual Report, 8vo, pamph., San Francisco, 1866.

Yate CoLLteceE Lisrary. The Commemorative Celebration held at Yale College, July 26, 1865, 8vo, pamph.

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Monpay, Aprit 2, 1866. Regular Meeting. JAmES KimBatLt, Hsq., in the Chair.

Letters were announced from Prof. Henry How, King’s College, Wind- sor, N.S.; W.S. West, Salem; Prof. Robert Bell, Kingston, C. W.; Prof. Jos. Moore, Richmond, Ind.; Mrs. O. Marcy, Evanston, Il.; B. P. Mann, Cambridge; G. K. Gilbert, Rochester, N. Y.; Rev. Samuel Lockwood, Keyport, N.J.; Prof. J. H. Salisbury, Cleveland, Ohio; I. A. Lapham, LL. D., Milwaukee, Wis.; S. B. McMillan, East Fairfield, Ohio; C.D. Marshall, Corresp. Sect. Buffalo, Soc. Nat. Sciences; Dr. Wm. Sharswood, Philadelphia, Pa.; Dr. James Knapp, Louisville, Ky.; Dr. Theodatus Gar- lick, Cleveland, Ohio; Prof. Theo. Gill, Smithsonian Institution; P. R. Uhler, Cambridge; Prof. Robert Peter, Lexington, Ky.; Prof. Theo. Par- vin, lowa State University; O. C. Marsh, New Haven, Ct.; Dr. Edward Ravenel, Charleston, S. C.; George W. Holden, Dayton, Ohio; Dr. A. S. Packard, Boston Soc. Nat. History; Rev. J. A. Swan, Kennebunk, Me.; Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.; Prof. F.S. Holmes, Coilege of Charleston, 8S. C.; Prof. S. Ten- ney, Vassar College, N. Y.; Christopher Johnson, Baltimore, Md.; Geo. Pea- body Russell, Haverhill ; R. Damon, Weymouth, Eng. ; A. C. Chandler, New Gloucester, Me.; Thomas Bland, New York; Iowa State Historical Socie- ty; Newburyport Public Library; New York Lyceum of Natural History ; Dr. S. A. Green, Boston; Minnesota Historical Society; A. Agassiz, Cam- bridge; Isaac Lea, LL. D., Philadelphia; Prof. Geo. J. Brush, New Haven, Conn; E. F. Beadle, New York; L. A. Swasey, Salem; Prof. W. H. Brew- er, Yale College; Thomas H. Webb, Boston; Boston Public Library.

James Kimball read a communication relating to the witchcraft papers in the Salem Court House, Boston and other places; copies of many of which have been made by order of the County Commissioners of Essex Co., and are now deposited in the Salem Court House, forming a valuable addi- tion to the records of those trials.

Mr. Kimball also read the petition of George Herrick, of Salem, for services relative to witchcraft as Marshall and Deputy Sheriff of Essex County; also the Inventory of the Estate of Philip English, which was confiscated at the time of his prosecution for witchcraft.

The propriety of printing all papers that can be obtained relating to the Witchcraft trials in this County was discussed, and a motion was adopted appointing a Committee of three to take the subject into consideration and report at a future meeting. Messrs. H. M. Brooks, W. P. Upham and James Kimball were chosen as the Committee.

Francis G. Sanborn, of Andover, gave an account of the method of communicating ideas among insects by means of their antenne. He stated that while collecting in Norfolk County early in the spring of 1865, his at- tention was called to an irregular black mass about the size of one’s doubled fists, apparently resting on the top of the spires of grass, then about four inches high, in a pasture. On approaching, it was found to consist of small black ants clinging to each other, and supporting the mass by their united strength, so that it rested on the ground only at its centre. On separating them gently with the fingers, an oval cluster of eggs was revealed, which

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they were holding some three-quarters of an inch from the ground, appa- rently for the purpose of drying, as the weather had been wet for several days, and the morning was dark and lowery, the sun appearing only at long intervals, with a strong wind blowing. On removing the hands, the ants again closed over the cluster of eggs (which was about the size of the last joint of the thumb) and the continual changing of their places by the little creatures gave the mass an appearance of ebullition. I dropped upon the cen- tre of this mass a large species of ant, of a light yellow color, belonging to a different genus, which I had taken from beneath a stone near the spot. It was pounced upon in an instant by some dozen or more of the black species, but made no resistance, simply folding its feet and waving its antennz slowly in a manner which it required no stretch of the imagination to interpret as’ deprecatory, as who should say, “ 1 humbly beg pardon for intruding; ’twas no fault of mine; accident, or a stronger will than mine placed me here, and if you will allow me to depart, I will gladly do so, and trouble you no more.” As if in answer to this or a kindred appeal, it was released, and passed out over the bodies of the blacks until it reached a large stone just touching the mass on which were a few scattered blacks, like an outpost of the main body. Here it was again seized and somewhat roughly handled by four or five of these sentinels, but a repetition of its passive protest secured once more its freedom, and it disappeared from sight in the grass. Another insect, the Simulium molestum, or “ Black-fly”’ of our northern forests, happening to alight upon my hand, was then dropped among them. He was seized upon and torn limb from limb in afew seconds, his mangled remains filtering down through the mass to the earth. Again and again the experiment was tried with the yellow species of ant, and invariably with the same result ; they were always allowed to pass away without injury, upon examination, although as quickly seized at first as the unfortunate ‘“ Black-fly.” A spi- der, two gnats, and a small plant-bug were then successively dropped into the seething mass, and as thoroughly dismembered and demolished as the first victim. These experiments occupied nearly two hours, during which my eyes were so close to the theatre of action that scarcely a motion of the prisoners or their assailants escaped me, and I was fully convinced that the language of the antenna, while it may be understood among allied species . and genera, has its limits, and that insects of different orders bear some such relations to each other as do human beings of different nationalities.

Capt. N. E. Atwood, of Provincetown, gave the foliowing account of the Cramp fish, Torpedo occidentalis Storer.

This very remarkable fish was quite plenty at Provincetown, Cape Cod, some fifty years ago. From the 20th of September, and during October, No- vember, and early December, they would run on shore during the night and would be left dry on the sandy beach by the receding tide. They were not seen at any other time of the year, and probably remain in deep water during the rest of the year. I have not known of their having been seen south of Gay Head, Martha’s Vineyard, or north of Minot’s Ledge (Cohasset). I know of

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no other fish that seems to be confined within such narrow limits. Tt is prob- able that they are along our outer fishing grounds and are not seen by the fishermen, as they seldom bite at the hook. I have seen but one specimen ta- ken with a hook, and have heard of only three others, during the past fifty years, having been taken inthat way. ‘They belong to the same great group of fishes which includes the Rays and Skates, and, like most of the group, the Tor- pedoes swim near the bottom and consequently would not be seen. When I was a boy, fifty years since, and for many years after, Torpedoes were very common along our shores ; and during Autumn I visited the beach daily on Long Point (Provincetown) for the purpose of obtaining their livers, which yielded a large quantity of excellent oil, that was used for burning and which gave a better light than any other that I have seen, refined sperm oil not ex- cepted. I have heard it said that the oil was an excellent remedy for cases of cramp by bathing the part affected. I have never had any experience in its use for that purpose, and, consequently, can say nothing of its medicinal properties. This fish varies from twenty to two hundred pounds in weight as they come from the water, the smallest yielding about one pint of oil, and the largest some three gallons. The shape of the liver is unlike that in any other fish. It is formed in two parts, equal in size and shape, located on each side. Torpedoes possess strong electric powers. I have received very severe shocks from them many times, and even after they had been out of wa- ter for some six hours, on touching them with the finger, I have been so shocked as to be thrown down upon the ground, or inthe water. I have seen them passing along near the shore during the day and have thrown a harpoon into them and hauled them on shore. On taking hold of the harpoon, some six feet from the fish, my hand would soon become numb, and the fingers would incline to straighten so much as to make it difficult to grasp the pole of the harpoon. During the past twenty years these fishes have almost dis- appeared ; some three or four specimens only having been found, each Au- tumn, for several years past; and I have found it difficult to procure more than one or two specimens, each year, when I needed them. Some forty or fifty years since they might have been obtained by hundreds.

Mr. Putnam followed Capt. Atwood and gave a brief account of the anatomy of the Torpedo, pointing out the position and structure of the elec- tric battery.

“Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

Nathan Mortimer Hawkes, of Lynn, and Nathaniel B. Harris, of Salem,

were elected Resident Members.

Monpay, ApriL 16, 1866. Regular Meeting. Vice President GoopELu in the Chair.

Letters were read from Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College; Rev. A. B. Kendig, Marshalltown, Iowa; E. Hall, Athens, Ill.; Dr. E. W. Hubbard, Tottenville, Staten Island; Rey: E. C. Bolles, Portland, Me.; G. K. Gilbert,

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Rochester, N. Y.; E. S. Morse, Portland, Me.; Alpheus Hyatt, Baltimore, Md.; Dr. G..A. Lathrop, Petrolia, C. W.; Henry D. Aligny, Agent St. Mary’s Canal, Michigan Co., Houghton, L. S.; Dr. A. S. Packard, Boston Soc. Nat. History; Bv’t. Lieut. Col. H. KE. Maynadier, U.S. A., Fort Laramie, Dacotah T.; Dr. Wm. Wood, East Windsor Hill, Ct.; Prof. Theo. Gill, Smithsonian Institution; T. A. Conrad, Philadelphia, Pa.; Prof. 8. F. Baird, Smithsonian Institution; Chas. D. Marshall, Cor. Sect. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sciences; C. M. Tracy, Lynn; Rev. Thos. Morong, Gloucester, Mass.; Royal Society, London; J. K. Hilgard, Asst. U. S. Coast Survey; Dr. M. M. Bagg, Uitca, N. Y.; Mrs. P. A. Hanaford, Reading; Henry A. Smith, Cleveland, Ohio; Andrew Lackey, Marblehead; Trustees of Salem Athenzeum; C. C. Jewett, Boston Public Library; Maine Historical Society; F. B. Meek, Spring, field, Ill.; Prof. G. C. Swallow, Columbia, Mo.; Prof. Henry James Clark- Cambridge, Mass.

The Secretary made the following statement.

In the month of August, 1859, the Institute received a communication, from the “Exploring Circle” of Lynn, calling attention to the discovery by them, of a very remarkable erratic rock in Lynn Woods, the peculiar charac- ter and position of which rendered it exceedingly interesting to science, while it was very liable to injury from mischievous hands. The cooperation of the Institute was therefore solicited in the effort to give some adequate protection to a work of nature so full of curious interest. A committee of consultation was accordingly appointed; but various circumstances conspired to hinder the accomplishment of any thing for a long time. Recently, however, the subject appearing to deserve a full examination, arrangements with the Exploring Circle were entered into anew, and on Saturday, April 7th, Messrs. H. Wheatland, F. W. Putnam, Caleb Cook and Benjamin Pickman, met by appointment, Messrs. J. M. Rowell, C. M. Tracy and J.C. Moulton, com- mittee of the Circle, and proceeded to examine the rock in question, It was found to be, indeed, an object of great singularity, and eminently worthy to enjoy the lively attention of those pursuing geological study, par- ticularly that of the drift period, whose relics and monuments lie so thickly scattered around us. Among the multitude of bowlders and erratics of all kinds and dimensions that spread over our hills and ‘valleys, including the remarkable ‘Ship Rock,” now the property of the Institute, we have never examined one that presented such curious and striking features as this; and it is highly advisable that all proper action should be taken by this Society at once, to secure ‘“ Phaeton Rock,” as it has been named, for the property of the Essex Institute, and thus prevent its destruction, either by the hand of wantonness, or the more innocent, but equally injurious work of the quar- ryman. A paper upon the subject has been received by the Institute from C. M. Tracy.

Mr. Tracy’s paper was read and referred for publication.

After some remarks by Mr. Putnam on the subject of bowlders and the drift, the matter was referred to a committee, consisting of Messrs. C. M. Tracy, Benjamin Pickman and Henry Wheatland, to take such action on be- half of the Institute, as they may deem advisable.

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Mr. James H. Emerton exhibited a series of preparations of the oak- leaf galls and remarked upon the insects by which they were formed, and others that inhabited the galls, mentioning several parasites on the form- er. He also exhibited Lepidopterous larve which he had found feeding on the pith of the galls.

Mr. Putnam exhibited a recent addition to the cabinets of a specimen of Platurus fasciatus, from the Bay of Bengal, and remarked on the group of Sea Snakes to which it belongs.

Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

Aaron Perkins, John Janes, James Gedney King, Nathaniel G. Simonds and BE. R. Perkins, allof Salem, were elected Resident Members. Hon. Mar- shal P. Wilder, of Dorchester; Samuel A. Green, M. D., of Boston; and W. H. Niles, of New Haven, were elected Corresponding Members.

Turspay, May 1, 1866. Social Meeting at Hamilton Hall. Vice President Gooner in the Chair.

The object of this meeting was to bring together all the microscopes which could be conveniently obtained, for the purpose of interesting the friends of the Institute in this department of Science; also to celebrate in an appro- priate manner, the ancient festival of the first of May.

The meeting proved a decided success, over three hundred members and their friends being present, beside a number of invited guests, among whom were Prof. O. W. Holmes of Boston; Dr. A. A. Gould, Vice President of the Boston Society of Natural History, and Messrs. Bouvé, Wilder, Bicknell and Sanborn, of the same Society.

The Chairman said that members of the Institute and those present who had attended its meetings need not be informed, but those of our friends not members of the Institute who had honoxed us with their presence this eve- ning, from abroad, might be interested to learn, that the objects of our so- ciety were two fold, historicai and scientific; and-that, as we were about to celebrate one of the most ancient gala-days of old England, it might be and undoubtedly was expected, by some present, that an historical account of the day and its observance would be given to-night; but, it would be remembered that two years ago an evening was principally devoted to this subject, and, therefore, as the field selected for this evening’s discussion was wide enough and sufficiently interesting, it had been determined to devote the evening to a notice of the early wild-flowers of this region, and of the history and uses of the microscope, an instrument which had proved so useful to the bot- anist and had so largely increased our knowledge of the structure and growth of plants, as well as thrown light on all other branches of science. The Chairman then introduced Mr. C. M. Tracy, of Lynn, the Botanical Curator of the Institute, who said that being too late to express the delightful wish of a

PROCEEDINGS ESSEX INST. VOL. V. 3 MAY, 1866.

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“Happy New Year,” and too early for that other, peculiar in its Yankee patri- otism, the wish for a “‘ Fourth of July,” he would beg leave to substitute anoth- er, to him, at least, aschoice as either. In behalf of the early wild flowers that adorned the table before him, in behalf of the fresh grass springing along the brookside, the awakening hearts of flowers yet to gladden all our woods and valleys, the budding wreath of every thicket, and the sprouting verdure of every tree that, by and by, should shade our summer walks —in the name of all these he would cordially wish those here assembled the very best of a “Merry May.” He then proceeded to introduce the several early fowers be- fore him, dwelling particularly on the /rythronium or Dog-tooth Violet, which is not quite a lily, though nearly such, and bears to us the promise of other and brighter lilies, pure as alabaster or gay in ruddy richness, that before long shall be a joy to the whole northern hemisphere. The Wood Anemone was also noticed, and the Vernal Saxifrage, humble and unpretending, a dweller among the rocks, with a heart to resist the fierceness of the winter cold, and a petal white as the snow that just now covered it. ‘The Wild Col- umbine is here with its gracefully nodding blossom, all gold within and ruby without, and though the botanist has named it in remembrance of an eagle’s bloody talons, its horn-shaped petals may better represent the mimic cornu- copias that herald the burden of autumnal fruitage. The Spicewood is here, but its early bloom has partly faded and the representative twig is but very small. Doubtless it was not well informed of this gathering in its honor, or surely it would have done itself better justice. He passed it only a day or two ago, hung with its golden mantle in the thicket, but it whispered no such information. Forgive the shrub, on another occasion it will meet you more fairly.

These are the precursors of a bloom that is yet to open on us in garden, woodland and wayside. These are the earnest of the dominant spirit of life, that, quieted but not extinct under the wintry blasts, now spring up again to gladden all the landscape. Let us welcome them for their cheering assur- ance. Let us take heart from the promise brought by them, that the season of genial warmth and life shall yet return, and though we may not, as our ancestors, join the Maypole dance, with sport, and song, and holiday attire, let us not prize the less the greeting of the vernal blossoms, that hint through their quiet loveliness the profound relations and dependencies between man and the flowers of the field.

Prof. O. W. Holmes, of Boston, was next introduced, and after briefly pointing out the distinction between the simple and the compound microscope, and describing the method by which the imperfections of the latter have been remedied within the last forty years, he proceeded to speak of the more re- markable improvements it has received at the hands of American opticians and philosophers.

1. Enlargement of the angle of aperture. In 1852 Mr. Quekett said in his well known Treatise, quoting Mr. Andrew Ross, the most famous of

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London makers of microscopes, that 135 was the largest angular pencil which could be passed through a microscopic object glass. But long before this an American optician had made a = object glass having an angular aperture of 146° , the same glass which he now held in his hand. Since that time the same maker has made glasses with an angular aperture, thirty de- grees and more, larger than this. Mr. Webb will shew you in connection with his beautiful binocular a glass having an angle of 178°, which, as he says, and as we should expect, is equal to the resolution of the most difficult tests.

This audacious American who carried the angle of aperture more than forty degrees beyond the limits of the possible (according to the highest Eng- lish authority) was Mr. Charles Spencer of Canastota, a small town in the midst of half-burned stumps of the forest in the interior of the State of New York.

2. Next on the list of American inventions and improvements, comes the inverted microscope of Dr. J. Lawrence Smith, of Louisiana, a form of instrument universally approved and very widely adopted by chemists as particularly fitted for their investigations.

3. The binocular microscope of Professor Riddell, of New Orleans which, variously improved and modified, is now extensively employed both in England and on the continent as well as in this country.

4. Tolles’ binocular eye-piece, which bids fair to supersede the double body heretofore used.

5. The objective mirror, if we may so call it, of Professor Hamilton Smith, which most of us know only by report as yet, but which promises to do for the highest powers what the “ Lieberkuhn” does for the lower ones.

The best known American microscope makers are Mr. Spencer, the pio- neer among them, whose inventive genius has stimulated the opticians of the old world to attempt feats which they considered impossible until.-he shewed they could be and had been done; Mr. Tolles, his worthy successor, whose glasses challenge competition with any in the world; Mr. Wales, not so long known among us, but making first rate objectives; Mr. Griinow, whose in- struments of moderate cost are perhaps the best the American student can buy, and who can make excellent microscopes of costlier pattern when requi- red; Mr. Zentmayer, whose stands are equal, if not superior in elegance and workmanship to the finest of European make.

Dr. Holmes next proceeded to speak of microscopic photography. He referred to the very remarkable photographs made by Dr. John Dean, of Boston, from his own sections of the spinal cord.

He then shewed some specimens of the art sent him a week or two since by Dr. Woodward, in charge of the medical department of the Army Museum at Washington. ‘These micro-photographs made by Dr. Edward Curtis, are the most extraordinary in many respects Dr. Holmes had ever seen. The object chosen was the well known test Pleurosigma angulatum. Two nega-

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tives were taken, one with a ¢ and amplifier made by Wales, the other with a z of Powell and Lealand. Each of these gave an enlargement of more than two thousand diameters. An enlarged copy of these gave them over nineteen thousand diameters. The spots of the diatom thus magnified are 3 of an inch in diameter, perfectly sharp in outline, circular in form, but ap- pearing as if they were hexagonal when looked at from a distance.

Dr. Holmes then said that at the risk of taxing the powers of belief of those before him he would attempt to give some idea of what is meant by an enlargement of twenty thousand diameters, within a fraction of which these objects are amplified.

It means that their surface, or that portion of it which you see, looks four hundred million times as large as it really is. j

If your thumb-nail were thus magnified it would cover eighteen acres of ground.

A fly, weighing one grain, thus magnified in surface and in like propor- tion in thickness so as to keep his proper figure, if his weight increased at the same rate as his bulk, would weigh as much as a million horses rolled into one great monster horse.

A man weighs a million grains, and magnified in each dimension, as much as these dots are enlarged, would weigh as much as a billion horses; more very probably than ever lived on this planet, from the Adam of horse- flesh to the present time.

Many who are here this evening remember the famous moon-hoax of Richard Adams Locke. It seems not impossible that the fancy of enlarging telescopic images by the microscope so as to bring out details upon the sur- face of the satellite may yet be realized. If the moon looks about a foot in diameter, it would, if enlarged as these dots are enlarged, be extended to nearly four miles in diameter, say, if you will, w of its actual diameter. This would give us pictures of everything on the scale of one inch to fifty feet, and would shew us men and women, if such there were on the moon’s surface, as exceedingly interesting little animals of about the size of certain’ insects held in small esteem by the human species, and very easily seen as well as felt.

Errors excepted, of course, in the above calculations, which are believed, however, to be essentially correct.

Dr. Holmes then said that he had been particularly requested to bring - with him the microscope which he is in the habit of using, the mechanical arrangements of which are of his own contrivance. The glasses shewn in connection with it were a $,aj anda + made by Spencer.

This instrument was shewn with the same test which had been exhibited in the photographs, but magnified in it to about one thousand diameters, shewing the dots by oblique illumination with the lamp and the small plano- convex lens occupying one opening of the diaphragm.

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The principal points in the simple and inexpensive arrangement to which he called attention, were the following :

1. Fixed wooden stand, carrying with it lamp for direct illumination, objectives, eyeglasses and other apparatus.

2. Tube supported on two forks cut in the wood; inclined at an angle of 35° ; rotated by turning the shade-disk, which is 8 inches in diameter, and thus regulating the focal distance by the movement of a brass check which bears against an inclined surface of glass, giving a rapid and medium adjust- ment.

3. Delicate secondary adjustment, by a screw with scalloped head, placed close to the thumb which with the forefinger moves the object stage. This screw depresses very slightly one of two brass plates, fixed to object stage, against which the glass object slide is pressed forward by two small springs. This arrangement has the incidental advantages of bringing all objects to the same level, and of affording protection to the thin glass of the slide.

4. Horse-shoe magnet for fixed stage.

5. Object stage of soft iron, 8 inches long, 1 inch and + wide, adhering to fixed stage by attraction, assisted by brass spring at one end, loaded to keep it down, moves horizontally by sliding over an edge ? of an inch to the left of middle of fixed stage, and up and down in the arc of a circle of which this edge is the centre. Requires but one hand for manage- ment, which hand is always in position to command the fine adjustment.

6. Achromatic condenser (or any other piece of apparatus) slides in between the branches of the horse-shoe magnet. The diaphragm is directly behind the achromatic condenser. ;

7. A small plano-conyex lens occupies one hole of the diaphragm and is very useful in concentrating the rays of oblique light when that is used.

8. Although this instrument is arranged chiefly with reference to using the direct rays of a lamp without any reflection, a mirror can be substituted for the lamp if desired. The following is Dr. Holmes’s method of arranging this adjunct. A plano-convex lens is set in a frame, to be used as a condenser. Two plane mirrors of the same size are cemented back to back. This double mirror fits against the plane side of the lens, thus giving a plane mirror on one side and the equivalent of a concave mirror on the other.

9. Dr. Holmes employs a simple indicator, made by sticking a portion of a fine needle to the diaphragm of the eye-glass with a bit of wax. This is a great convenience in demonstrations, it being easy to bring any particu- lar object of examination to the point of the needle by moving the stage.

10. Avery convenient complement of the instrument here shewn, is the simple arrangement shewn by Quekett (fig. 257, 2d edition) which is especial- ly adapted for very low powers, for dissecting, examining the circulation, ete.

Dr. Holmes said he wou!d take occasion to mention a plan he had lately adopted, for preserving recent preparations of soft tissues so that they could be shewn day after day. It is simply laying them on a wet cloth, which is it

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self placed on a sheet of india-rubber cloth, and covering them with a bell- glass. The air being soon saturated with moisture, the preparations cannot dry.

He then exhibited one of Mr. Lockhart Clarke’s sections of the spinal cord, and a single nerve-cell isolated and stained with carmine, prepared by Gerlach, both of which were lent him by Dr. Dean, to whom they were pre- sented by the dfstinguished anatomists of whose skill they are singularly per- fect specimens.

At the conclusion of Prof. Holmes’s remarks, the orchestra furnished music, the seats were removed from the hall, and an opportunity was given to all to examine the various microscopes and objects under them.

The objects were much varied in character. Dr. Holmes brought speci- mens of the Pleurosigma angulatum, besides the sections made by Lockhart ° Clarke and Gerlach mentioned above. Mr. Bicknell had several fine injected sections of bones and teeth prepared by himself, as well as a large collection of other objects, part of which he exhibited with a polarizer. Under Mr. Webb’s Binocular the head of a mosquito proved so attractive that no ‘time was found to exhibit but one or two other objects under his fine instrument. Dr. Wilder had specimens of the silk of the Nephila plumipes, and various parts of the spider. Mr. Sanborn exhibited a number of living animalcule.

Under the other microscopes were series of the pollen, and sections of the leaf and stem of the Mayflower, Anemone, Bloodroot, Dogtooth Violet and several other early spring flowers; a large number of insects and parts of insects; Trichina spiralis; sections of spines of echinoderms; diatoms; &c., as well as several specimens of microscopical photography and engrav- ing.

The following is nearly a complete list of the microscopes that were in the hall for use, arranged under the names of their owners.

Pror. O. W. Hoximes, of Boston. An instrument of his own construc- tion, previously described.

E. Bicknett, of Boston. A large and very fine American instrument made by Zentmayer, with Wales’ objectives.

Dr. B. G. Witper, of Boston. A Smith and Beck’s Student’s instru- ment. (Dr. Dean’s working instrument ).

F. G. Sansporn, of Boston. The Mass. State Cabinet Nachet instru- ment, of English form of stand with a lever stage.

Essex Instirute. A Prichard Standard microscrope, formerly owned by Mr. Cole, and presented to the Institute several years since by Mrs. Cole. An English instrument made by Clarke, presented to the Institute by Francis Peabody, Esq.; also a French dissecting instrument made after Mr. Peabody’s plan and presented by him to the Institute.

BenoaMiIn WEBB, JR., of Salem. Smith and Beck’s Binocular, Wen- ham/’s invention; and a Ladd’s instrument.

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H. F. Saerarp, of Salem. Nachet and son’s microscope. Attached to this instrument was Nachet and son’s “Chambre claire” or “ Camera lucida.” To this camera can be joined, either above or below the picture, as occa- isou requires, a piece of blue glass to assist in rendering the view of the pencil distinct. sf

Dr. W. L. Bowporn, of Salem. An Oberhaeuser, modéle No. 2.

Dr. G. A. Perkins, of Salem, a Nachet, moyen modele, and an antique instrument made by Adams, of London, and formerly owned by the late Dr. Treadwell, of Salem.

H. F. Kine, of Salem. An Oberhaeuser, modele No. 2. and a Griinow’s Student’s.

Strate Norma ScuHoon, Salem. A Griinow’s Student’s.

Satem Hien Scuoou. A Mirand of English form.

Dr. Wm. Mack, of Salem. An Oberhaeuser petit modele.

Dr. Henry WHEATLAND, of Salem. A Fraiinhofer, simple model.

Cates Cooxg, of Salem. A Mirand, petit modeéle, and a Raspail.

F. W. Purnam, of Salem. A simple English microscope, and a small Scholar’s instrument of American make.

James H. Emerton, of Salem. A Craig.

Several other small instruments of various kinds were also in the hall, making thirty microscopes in all, of twenty-five different patterns.

After about an hour had been passed by the company in examining the various objects, the Institute adjourned and a collation was partaken of, after which the large hall was given up to social. enjoyment, and the instruments were removed to the smaller hall below, where the microscopists spent several hours very profitably. Prof. Holmes had here an opportunity of explaining the construction of his instrument more fully, and the fine ner- vous sections which he brought were much appreciated and examined. Mr. Bicknell was also able to show the capabilities of his fine instrument, and to explain the pecularities of the stage movement, mirror adjustment, &c. Mr. Webb also exhibited, under his binocular, gold dust and the stellate hairs on the leaf of Deutzia scabra with fine stereoscopic effect. Considerable interest was also evinced in the comparison of Smith and Beck’s fifth with that of Wales. The result was that no difference could be detected in the definition of the object used, the pygidium of a flea, though from Wales’ fifth being of a larger angle it would undoubtedly have had the advantage on lined test

objects.~ Monpay, May 7, 1866. Regular Meeting. Vice President GoopELL in the Chair.

Letters were read from Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College; S. E. Wright, Cincinnati, Ohio; Prof. Francis S. Holmes, Charleston, S. C.; E.S. Morse, Portland, Me.; C. W. Bennett, Holyoke Mass.; J. A. Allen, Springfield,

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Mass.; Miss lL. E. Walker, Worcester Society of Natural History; J. F, Richardson, Portland, Me.; R. E. C. Stearns, San Francisco, Cal.; Dr. Wm. Wood, East Windsor Hill, Ct.; Dr. B. G. Wilder, Boston; J. A. Huntington, Oberlin, Ohio; Prof. G. C. Swallow, Columbia, Mo.; O. C. Marsh, New Ha- ven, Ct.; Robert Howell, Nichols, N. Y.; E. Suffert, Havana, Cuba; G. F. Matthew, St. John, N. B.; Maj. R. S. Williamson, U. S. Engineers, San Francisco, Cal.; W. H. Edwards, Newburgh, N. Y.; Boston Public Library; Massachusetts Historical Society; M. Fenollosa, Salem; R. R. Endicott, Beverly; F. S. Pease, Albany, N. Y.; Stephen H. Phillips, Salem; Geo. BK, Brackett, Belfast, Me.; E. W. Treadwell, Boston; Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, Dorchester; Capt. N. E. Atwood, Provincetown; N. G. Simonds, Salem ; S. C. Bancroft, Salem; Prof. O. W. Holmes, Boston; Dr. Samuel A. Green, Boston; C. M. Tracy, Lynn; Leverett Saltonstall, Newton; Henry Salton- stall, Boston; D. Choate, Essex; Newburyport Public Library; Dr. James R. Nichols, Haverhill; C. P. Preston, Danvers. , Mr. W. P. Upham read extracts from the Records of the Essex County Quarterly Court, in relation to the suit of John Pickering vs. Walter Price., and Samuel Gardner for injury to the land of the plaintiff, in consequence of building a mill, in 1662, called ‘New Mills,” (now know as the “ City Mills” and formerly as “ Maloon Mills,” &e.). Several depositions were also read.

A discussion followed on this and kindred subjects by Messrs. Goodell, Upham, Ropes and others, and on motion of Mr. Kimball, a copy of the pa- pers read by Mr. Upham were requested for publication in the Historical Col. lections.

Donations to the Library and Museum were announced.

The Superintendent on announcing the donations to the Museum, spoke at length on the extent and great value of those received from Capt. W. H. A. Putnam and Capt. Joseph Hammond. The former consisted of a large collection of Corals and other Radiates, Fishes, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals, Crustaceans, Shells and Insects, from various parts of China and the Bast Indies; the latter principally of Corals, Echini, Fishes, Crustaceans, Mollusks and Lichens, from the Sandwich and Falkland Islands, and Medusz and Crus- taceans from the Gulf weed. These collections contain many species not before in the Museum and form the most valuable additions of the year.

The cast of the humerus of the Mylodon found in Oregon, in 1839, and described by Dr. H. C. Perkins, of Newburyport, was also announced as presented by the describer.

A valuable historical relic, consisting of the figure head of a native war vessel of the Kingsmills Islands, was also presented by Capt. Hammond.

The Superintendent exhibited two microscopes which had been present- ed by the President. One of them was an English instrument, made by Clarke, and the other a French Dissecting instrument made after the direc- tions of the President.

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On motion it was then voted; that Messrs. Rantoul, Putnam and Wheat- land, be a committee to take into consideration the donations of the President, and Capts. Putnam and Hammond, and present such acknowledgments as may be deemed proper.

Mr. R. S. Rantoul, in behalf of the Committee on the Literary Exercis- es of the May-day Social Meeting, after appropriate remarks presented the following resolution : —

Resolved : — 'That the thanks of the Essex Institute be conveyed to Drs. Holmes and Wilder, and Messrs. Bicknell and Sanborn, of Boston, for the honor and pleasure confered by their presence with us on the evening of the first of May, and for the interest manifested in the occasion, by their several contributions of instruments of rare value and power to the collection of microscopes then exhibited.

The Resolution was adopted unanimously, and it was then voted that cop- ies of the same be sent to the several gentlemen therein named.

Messrs. Rantoul, Upham and Putnam were elected a committee to nom- inate officers for election, at the annual meeting, on Wednesday next.

Samuel Hutchinson, of Salem, was elected a Resident Member.

WEDNESDAY, May 9, 1866, Annual Meeting. Vice President FowLer in the Chair.

Records of the last Annual and Regular meetings were read.

The annual reports of several of the officers were read.

Tue SECRETARY stated that the occurrence of the annual meeting calls upon the various officers and committees to review the doings of the year, and to present an abstract of the results of their operations.

The Society is in a good condition. The receipts from the assessments of Resident Members, the sale of publications, and all other sources were larg- er than during any previous year, yet, at the same time, the expenditures have been large in consequence of the increased activity of the Society and the high prices of all articles of consumption. A donation of one thousand dol- lars from a native of Salem, received in October last, was a most opportune contribution to the treasury.

Fifty Resident, and thirty-five Corresponding members have been elected during the year. Notice of the death of seven of the former and of four of the latter have been received. ‘The present number of members is 696; con-

, sisting of 529 resident, and 167 corresponding.

Biographical notices of the following deceased associates will be prepared for the Historical Collections. James B. King, died at Salem, May 25,1865. Charles F. Williams, died at Salem, June 4, 1865. Stillman Barden, died at Rockport, Aug. 7, 1865. Henry Coggswell, died at Salem, Dec. 12, 1865. Harriet C. Neal, died at Salem, Dec. 16, 1865. Henry S. Lufkin, died at Lynn, Jan’y, 1866. Nathaniel Brown, died at Salem, April 27, 1866. Isra-

PROCEEDINGS ESSEX INST. VOL. V. 4. MAY, 1866.

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el K. Tefft, died at Savannah, Ga., June 30, 1862. Joseph Willard, died at Boston, May 12,1865. Henry W. Ducachet, died at Philadelphia, Dec. 13, 1865. Simeon Shurtleff, died at Simmsburg, (Weatogue) Conn., Dec. 29, 1865.

Six Field Meetings have been held during the past season; at Nahant, Standley’s Grove in Beverly, Reading, Georgetown, North Andover and Newburyport. These meetings have been largely attended with increased interest; everywhere the Institute has been very kindly received and every facility extended. Our thanks are especially due to the friends who have welcomed us in the various towns, and also to the Directors and Superinten- dents of the Eastern and the Boston and Maine Railroads for their ready codperation in furnishing the necessary accommodations ; particularly to the former, for extra trains, when desired, and other facilities in aid of the general objects. The quarterly and semi-monthly meetings have been held as usual at the rooms in Plummer Hall. A new feature has been added to the evening meetings under the form of a social gathering at Hamilton Hall, on the evening of May-day. Some thirty microscopes were placed upon the tables, with suitable preparations to illustrate the remarks made in the early part of the evening by C. M. Tracy, on the flowers of May, and Dr. O. W. Holmes, of Boston, on the history and the uses of the microscope for scientific research. After a collation the remainder of the evening was devoted to social recreation, thus happily blending instruction and amuse- ment.

The Correspondence has largely increased during the year, in conse- quence of the more extended circulation of the different publications, the exchange of books, the receipt and presentation of numerous specimens. Seven hundred and eighty-nine letters have been received by those having charge of the several departments and placed on file.

The Publication of the Proceedings and Historical Collections has been continued during the year. In addition to the above, an Historical Notice of the Institute, with the Act of Incorporation, &c. was issued in April, and distributed to the members, subscribers to the publications, and exchanges.

The Annual Exhibition of Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables, took place at Mechanic Hall, on Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday, Sept. 13, 14, 15 and 16, 1865. The committee of arrangements were enabled to dec- orate the Hall by the kind and timely assistance of the ladies, members and friends, and they exerted themselves assiduously to sustain the exhibition, particularly at a season of drought of unprecedented extent, when vegetation suffered severely and many predicted that, in consequence thereof, the dis- play would amount almost to a failure. Committees were appointed to pre- pare a schedule of premiums, which was printed and distributed, and prizes were awarded to the successful competitors in accordance therewith, when- ever the specimens exhibited were worthy of such recognizance.

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Tur TREASURER presented the following statement of the financial condition for the year ending May, 1866. GENERAL AccouUNT. Debits.

Atheneum; Rent, half Fuel, Attendance, &.........cccccesese S617 66 Collecting Assessments, $23 "4a; Gas, $20 40) 5 o6000000000000000 43 84.

Publications, $1550 84; Social Meeting, May 1, $210 84..... ee. 1761 68 Horticultural Exhibition, SeptswliS65) 2 eee 50008 ONOOROO6 cco Vad ER Ra leauxNO Vial SGDee nes statis wleiwie. « «aleve ciepeeterarale: sity oleate late avers ee 2129 Express and Postage, $151 83; Sundries, $99 TOPE ic aselae -. 250 95 $1000 U.S. Bonds 7-30 ooad Dood ODONDOUO000O0000D00 Soobooaccea LOWS 7D ouElistoricalpACcOuUntmeriscleiicie' ss soe eieecrioe S006600006 wes. 142 50 To Natural History and Horticultural Account..........22cc00% 199 96 Balancenineelbreas wiry se siereyelel vols |ols 1a)» ais = oleeo lteter Pnicle siecle 50.6000 62 48 $5053 88 Credits. Palanceloiwast years account... -. «~~ lertermiese coeielercleraleiste 12 27 Dividends Webster Bank, $50; Coupons U. S. Bonds, $51 50. 101 50 Sale of Publications, $1018 21; Assessments, $952....... sado0e, LORD Sil Horticultural Exhibition, Sept., W865 5s: eee ees an cee 785 75 Malle arixc No wens SG aes ccsle sera eves ale.< 6 sc cl emanate cae eee 412 02 May-day Meeting, $247; Sundries, $15 18..............: 000 262 13 Donation from a native of Salem, $1000; Sale U. S. Bond, $510 1510 00 : $5053 88 - Natura History anp HorticurtTure. Debits. Preservatives and Taxidermy, $111 86; Cases, $83 89.......... : $195 75 Prine e235 12s Sundress PsoyO9).. .--imptereysrsie av evcreicelcie 56 21 $251 96 Credits. Div. Lowell Bleachery, $40 00; Div. Portland, Saco and Ports- mouth Railroad. $12) OO} ....... .sccere Bo bat HOA ee 52 00 Generalvaccountisstccireoketls «ers soles pandone Gianihersvelaresee 199 96 $251 96 Historican Account. Debits. Binding, $195 00; Sunduies! 35) Een ooooo00 SouDoe Mavateraiets een +20 +200 50 Credits. Div. Naumkeag Bank, $20 00; Coupons Michigan Central R. R. Bond, $38 OD Sr He myakoras ces: a cars) 4:5 ~a.'e oc atop eme tenet meee: cic elliointet cols 58 00 General account......-+..--- Sa SOOO Bde aredetsreretes) sis/ ever elorerstey nie 142 50

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Tue Lisrarran reported that the additions to the Library have been as follows;

Octavos' and Wesser folds. (a... .'5 Seityeterareree oieleioce ois esbo-e eles einierereenne 394 @ivartOs iS GH OMS Aye asc aia o's wig we rep paeene eeret ene leter sicolone kes seuss le talevabalbetete 12 NEO IONO SS eMGnapeeoe so oso on sb ophabbaodabpboeadabooc 52 Pamphlets and Serials,.......... Sap Vonenaver es ie (oie iejaiierer eeu eos nisresm eae 1526

1984

The above have been obtained, with few exceptions, wholly by ex- ‘change, and by donations from 20 Editors, 50 Societies, and 148 Individuals.

The Library requires more accommodation for the proper arrangement of the books, papers, pamphlets, &c., in order to afford greater facility for reference. The same pressing wants have previously been presented to the attention of the Institute.

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE MusEvm reported that it devolved up- on him to present a brief account of what has been done during the past year as regards the Museum, and to call attention to its wants.

Tn no year has so much been done for the increase and arrangement of the Museum as the one which closes to day. During this period we have re- ceived about 16,000 specimens in the Natural History Department, from 175 different persons, and in 228 separate donations. Several of these donations have been very large and valuable, and have added much to the importance of the Museum to the scientific student. Attention is called to the more prominent of these, and reference to the printed quarterly lists is made for a notice of the others. In those lists will be found recorded many donations of valuable specimens.

To Capt. W. H. A. Putnam, the Institute is indebted for a large collec- tion of Corals, from Singapore, consisting of nearly 400 specimens, represent- ing about 75 species. Capt. Putnam has also brought to the Institute a fine collection of about 75 Bird Skins, from the Spice Islands, as well as a large number of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Crustaceans, Mollusks, and Radiates, from various parts of the East Indies, China, China Sea, and several points on his passage home.

To Capt. Joseph Hammond, we are under obligations for several spe- cies of Corals not before in the collection, from the Sandwich Islands, and for a large collection of Shells, several rare Echinoderms, Fishes and Crusta- ceans, from the Falkland and Sandwich Islands, as well as a collection of the Lichens of the Falkland Islands, and several other specimens of great inter- est.

Dr. Benjamin Pickman has purchased the well known cabinet of Mas- sachusetts Shells made by Mr. Joseph True, of this city, and presented it to the Institute. This is a most acceptable donation, as nearly all the species of our state shells are represented in the collection, which contains several of the greatest rarity, and it will take the place of the old collection of Mas-

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sachusetts shells, which, from having been placed in cedar wood cases, was entirely ruined by a deposit of oil from the wood.

The Rev. E. C. Bolles, of Portland, has evinced his continued interest: in the Society by sending us identified specimens of such species of Shells as he has received or collected from time to time.

Prof. J. G. Norwood, of the Missouri State University, has kindly for- warded a large collection, containing over 300 species, of identified Fossils, principally from Missouri, accompanied by a section, drawn with great care, which exhibits the position of the various strata from which they were ob- tained.

Prof. Richard Owen, of the Indiana State University, has also sent large and valuable collections of Western Fossils, Minerals, Shells and other specimens.

From Mr. E. Hall, of Athens, Ill., a collection of over 400 species of Rocky Mountain and Western Plants has been received, as well as quite a number of interesting, and to the Museum, new zoological specimens, and several Fossils.

By the Smithsonian Institution we have been remembered, and through the kindness of its officers we have received several very valuable collections of Shells, Fishes and Birds’ Eggs.

The Chicago Academy of Sciences has presented a fine collection of Birds’ eggs, and a number of Skins of Birds, of species not before in the Museum.

From the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, we have received a large collection of the Plants found in the vicinity of Buffalo.

To Dr. Daniel Clarke, of Flint, Mich., we are indebted for a collection of Shells, Insects, Fishes and Reptiles from Michigan.

Mr. Robert E. C. Stearns, of San Franeisco has kindly sent several hundred species of shells from California, New Mexico and the Pacific coast of America,

We have received from Prof. A. H. Verrill, of Yale College, a valuable collection of Minerals, several Radiates, and a number of Insects, and we shall soon receive large additions to our collection of Corals and other Radi- ates from this gentleman, to whom we are already under great obligations for his identification of our Corals.

To George C. Huntington, Esq., of Kelley’s Island, Lake Erie, we are indebted for a collection of the Fishes of the Lake, and for a number of Fossils from the Island. |

To the President of the Institute the workers in the Museum are great- ly indebted for a most valuable gift of two fine microscopes; one, a dissecting instrument made on a peculiar plan, from his directions while in Paris, and furnished with aset of Nachets’ objectives; the other, an English Instrument made by Clarke, and provided with considerable apparatus and with a set of Nachets’ acromatic objectives, as well as several pnp lenses, two eye pieces camera, &C.

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In pursuance of the plan which has been adopted for the distribution of our duplicate specimens to such persons and Institutions as will make good use of them for scientific purposes, tha following collections have been sent out during the year.

To the Cutcago AcAprEmy of Screncess, 19 species, 21 specimens of Corals from the East Indies, 2 species, 2 specimens of Corals from Zanzibar.

To the Boston Society of Narurar History, 8 species, 8 specimens of Corals from the East Indies, 2 species, 2 specimens of Corals from Zan- zibar.

To the Burrato Society of NatuRAt Screnczs, 9 species, 10 speci- mens of Corals from the East Indies, 1 species, 1 specimen of Coral from Zanzibar.

To Pror. J. G. Norwoop, Missouri State UNIVERSITY, 12 species, 17 specimens of Corals from the East Indies, 2 species, 2 specimens of Co- rals from Zanzibar. ;

To Pror. RrcHarD Owen, InprAna Strate UNIVERSITY, 11 species, 13 specimens of Corals from the Hast Indies, 2 species, 2 specimens of Co- rals from Zanzibar.

To Dr. Danie CrarK, Frint, Mica. Scienriric InstTirure, 8 spe- cies, 10 specimens of Corals from the East Indies.

To Pror. P. A. CoapBourn, WiLLIaMs COLLEGE, 8 species, 19 spec- imens of Corals from the Hast Indies, 1 species, 1- specimen of Coral from Zanzibar. :

To G. A. BoAarpMAN, Miturown, Meg., 8 species, 9 specimens of Co- rals from the East Indies, 1 species, 1 specimen of Coral from Zanzibar.

To E. L. Lavarp, Souta Arrican Museum, Care Town, 95 species, of several specimens each, of North American Shells, and 2 species, several specimens, of Mass. Crustaceans.

To O. C. Marsu, Yate CoLiEcs, 1 Ophiura from the Lias of Eng- land, 42 specimens, several species, of Shells from the Oriskany Sandstone, Md.

To W. W. Denstow, Inwoop, N. Y., 26 species of Plants from Zan- zibar.

To Tuomas Bartow, Canastota, N. Y. 15 species, 15 specimens of Insects from various localities.

To Capinet or YALECOLLEGE, PRror. VERRILL, 8 species, 8 specimens of Insects from China, 2 species, 2 specimens of Insects from Para, 1 species Lepidoptera from Essex Co,, 22 species, 60 specimens of Neuroptera from Es- sex Co., 20 specimens of Branchiopus from Salem, 6 specimens of Asterias from Salem Harbor.

To Ropert E. C. S1zarns, San Francisco, Cal. 160 species of North American and 44 species of Foreign Shells, of several specimens each.

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The work of arrangement and identification of the specimens has been eontinued during the year, and much progress has been made in several de- partments. In this the superintendent has been much aided by the voluntary work of Mr. Caleb Cook who, since his return from Zanzibar, has devoted his whole time to the Institute, and done much towards the preparation of specimens and their arrangement, and has materially increased the good name of the Institute by his invaluable aid in separating duplicate specimens and | preparing them fer distribution.

To Dr. B. Pickman the superintendent is alse much indebted for his voluntary labor and assistance.

Mr. James H. Emerton, the Curator of Articulata, has continued to de- vote a part of his time to the valuable and large collection under his charge, and has always been ready to aid in the general work of the Museum.

Attention is again called to the necessity of providing increased means, for the proper care and arrangemens of the pinned Insects under the charge of this curator, who, with the most untiring zeal, will not be able to prevent the loss of a large number of specimens, during the coming year, unless something is done towards providing for their permanent arrangement.

The Ethnological section of the Historical Department has received many valuable donations from sixty-two persons. The Institute is much in- debted to Mr. John Robinson, the curator in charge of this section, for his faithfulness, and it is to him entirely that its present good state of preserva- tion and accurate arrangement is due; though, from the very limited space which is allotted to it, he is unable to fully carry out the details of his plan.

Whe Manuscripts have received the attention of Mr. W. P. Upham, but untill further accommodations for them are provided this large and valuable part of the Historical Department can be of little use to the student of histo- ry. Attention is therefore especially called to the curator’s report of this section.

More or less work has been done in all the departments of the Museum and its condition and arrangement has been much improved, and its value thereby greatly increased. Much labor is still required, however, in order to fully perfect the proposed arrangement of the whole Museum.

Prof. E. D. Cope, of Philadelphia, has agreed to furnish, for publication, a complete catalogue of the Reptiles, and the Batrachians and Saurians are now in his hands for identification.

Prof. H. Wood, Jr., of Philadelphia, has also kindly consented to iden- tify the collection of Myriapodes and Centipedes, and the specimens have been sent to him for that purpose.

Prof. Theodore Gill, of the Smithsonian Institution, has borrowed and safely returned the small collection of skulls of Seals which are now labeled according to his identifications. He has also borrowed, for study, a skull, of the Tapir.

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The collection of Cetacean skulls and bones have been loaned to Prof. ° Cope for his investigations, and have just been safely returned. Prof. Cope has found among the skulls types of three new species of this interesting group of mammals.

The collection of native Neruoptera has been studied by Mr. S. I. Smith, of Yale College, and has been returned with his identifications.

‘ Our whole collection of Hymenoptera is now in the hands of Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr., of the Boston Society of Natural History, and of Mr. EH. T. Cresson, Secretary of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, for study and identification, and will be much enhanced in value by being labeled by these gentlemen. Dr. Packard is engaged in preparing a paper, which will be published in the Proceedings of the Institute, on the Larvee of this most interesting order of insects, and he is much indebted to our collection for im- portant material for his work.

Dr. Elliott Coues, U. S. A., has identified the collection of North American Birds, and is now preparing a catalogue of them for publication in the Proceedings of the Institute.

The various and increased duties of the Superintendent in the care of the Museum and the specimens which are daily received; the editorship of the Proceedings and the Naturalists’ Directory; and the large amount of corre- spondence which devolves on him (527 letters having been written by him during the year, besides the mailing of several hundred circulars, the various numbers of the Proceedings, &c.), makes it now no longer possible for the Institute to continue its present activity without other regular assistants in the Museum, and increased means for the care and arrangement of the col- lection, now so grown that there is no longer room for it in the present cases ; many thousand specimens being stored in boxes, drawers, cans and kegs, awaiting case room, jars and alcohol.

Under these circumstances, you will, therefore, permit the following, sug- gestions, for the further development of the Museum and its scientific work :—

Ist. Several permanent assistants are required in the Natural History Department, who shall have charge of the several sub-departments.

2d. A small building, about thirty feet square, should be erected in the rear of the present building, and connected with it only by an iron door in the place of one of the end windows of the Museum Hall. This building should contain a room for the sole use of the persons in charge of the Mu- seum and such students as might come to the Institute, with proper arrange- ments in the basement for the preparation of skeletons, &c., and, in connec- tion with its heating apparatus, a small still for the redistillation of the old alcohol.

3d. As many cases as possible should be put into the present hall, which will allow of table cases, about eight feet by four, between the upright cases, making twelve cases of this size; a railing case on the gallery for the

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accommodation of the insects; a few small cases under the windows, and one or two more central cases. This amount of case room, in addition to the present accommodations, would provide for the exhibition of the collections of Natural History for a few years to come; but in order to obtain room enough for the whole of the rapidly increasing museum and library a building occupying the whole of the land in the rear of Plummer Hall would be nec- essary. In this connection, attention is also directed to the present very small and insufficient accommodations for the meetings of the Society.

Such propositions as these may seem as far too vast for the Institute to undertake to carry out; but when the great interest manifested in the Insti- tute, both at home and abroad, and its widely acknowledged activity and Sci- entific standing, is taken into consideration, it must convince the most skep- tical that our Museum and Library have arrived at that condition when they can no longer be regarded as of local importance alone; and the large correspondence, and the widely spread distribution of our Publications, is a conclusive argument of the estimation in which the Institute is held, and of its great influence. Applications have also been received from young men, who wish to persue Natural History as a professional study, for positions as students in the Institute, and as soon as proper accommodations and com- petent instructors are provided, the direct educational work of the Institute would be largely increased.

Must another year pass without some decisive action being taken to bring about the much desired and honorable position which we wish to main- tain ?

Mr. Cooke, the Curator or Rapiara, reported that the collections under his charge are in good condition, and have increased to such an ex- tent as to outgrow the present limited accommodation. The Echinoderms and Star fishes in particular are so crowded as to make it impossible to properly arrange them. In many instances it has been necessary te place specimens of different genera in the same bottle. Could the whole of the centre case in which they are now placed be given up to them there would be no more room than is required.

Another great drawback, in the arrangement of the alcoholic specimens of this department, is the want of jars for the Echinoderms and Star fishes, which, to a certain extent, require to be made especially for this purpose, and of works of reference for the identification of the specimens. ‘This last, however, is being gradually overcome, and could some means be found for obtaining the requisite bottles, much could be done towards the final ar- rangement of the collection. .The two large cases occupied by the Corals and Sponges are now much crowded, and great difficulty will be found to in- corporate the large collections recently received.

A catalogue has been in progress for some time, and it is hoped that during the present year it will be ready for publication.

PROCEEDINGS ESSEX INST. VOL. Y. 5 JUNE 8, 1866.

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The additions to this department, during the past year, are of great im-. portance. 520 specimens, containing 143 species, have been received from 14 donors, as follows: Henry F. Shepard, Col. Albert Ordway, Caleb Cooke, Edward L. Larrabee, Benj. Webb, Miss Eunice Congdon, Rev. H. W. Foote, J. H. Emerton, C. F. Nichols, Capt. E. Haskell, Capt. W. H. A. Put- nam, and Capt. Joseph Hammond. The two last named donations are very valuable. That of Capt. Putnam, from the East Indies, contains 478 specimens, representing 83 species, of which 73 species, embracing 400 speci- mens, are Corals, many of which are new to the collection. Capt. Ham- mond’s collection, though not so large, contains 43 specimens, exhibiting 15 species, from the Sandwich Islands, Kingsmills Group, and the Atlantic Ocean, all of which, with one or two exceptions, are new to the museum. During the past year a large number of specimens have been sent, as dona- tions, to several societies and individuals.

The Curator begs to impress upon the members that much is still to be done in collecting specimens from our own shores, and requests their coop- eration in the work. No matter how many or how common the specimens may be, they will all be used to good advantage, either in our own collection or in supplying the deficiencies in others.

Mr. Emerton, Curator or ARTICULATA, reported that the specimens which were in the collection last year, remain, with few exceptions, as they were at the time of the last report. It is impossible to make any better ar- rangements for the exhibition of the specimens until our accommodations and pecuniary means are much increased.

As new specimens come in, more care is being taken in labelling and preserving them, so that the collection is gradually improving in usefulness, as well as in size.

The collection of cocoons and nests of insects has increased greatly during the last year, and when cases are obtained for their proper exhibition, they will make an interesting addition to the cabinet.

A large number of the moths haye recently been named by Mr. F. G. Sanborn, of Boston, without removing them from the building. The native Neuroptera, sent to Mr. S. I. Smith, of Yale College, last winter, were recently returned, with several additions to their number, and labelled with their systematic names. The collection of Hymenoptera is now in the hands of E. T. Cresson, Secretary of the Philadelphia Entomological Society ; and Dr. A. S. Packard, Jr., of Boston. Dr. Wood, of Philadelphia, has the Centipedes and Scorpions for identification.

Particular attention has been paid to collecting the Spiders of Essex County, of which about 150 species are now preserved in alcohol. Every effort will be made to make a speciality of this group of insects, and speci- mens from any locality will be most welcome.

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Nearly 4000 specimens of Articulata, of which about one half are alco- holic, have been received during the year, from 54 persons and collections, nearly as follows: Hymenoptera 343, Lepidoptera 219, Diptera 250, Coleop- tera 913, Orthoptera 30, Hemiptera 75, Neuroptera 50, Spiders 1000, Myria- podes 50, Crustaceans 800, Worms 100.

Mr. Robinson, ErHNoLoGgicaL Curator, reported that, since the last annual meeting, the Ethnological Department has been added to by sixty- three donors, who gave upwards of one hundred donations, many comprising sevelal articles. Of these, forty are War-relics; twelve are Ancient articles ; seven persons gave thirty Indian relics, among these are several specimens exhumed at Salem Neck, the most curious being a pot made of soap stone which was found in a grave with several arrow-heads and other articles.

The number of Postage Stamps has been increased from eighty to one hundred and seventy-five, and they are now placed upon white paper in one of the small end cases.

During the year, one hundred and twenty-five specimens of Confederate paper currency have been presented, besides several specimens of Continental currency. Both the,Confederate and Continental currency is to be placed, at some future day, in books of a suitable nature for their exhibition. The best and more curious specimens, however, have been arranged in the small end cases where they may be seen by all visitors.

Thus it will be seen that, although only one hundred donations have been noticed, there has been an actual receipt of four hundred and fifty articles.

During the year the room has been cleaned and all the cases have been kept almost entirely free from moths.

The South-Pacific war implements have been rearranged, and the South - American implements placed beside them, thereby greatly adding to the good appearance of the room. ‘The two models of native boats have been swung across the room, leaving considerable space on the top of the case that they occupied for other articles. The large table in the centre of the room has been covered with the war relics which were too large to be placed in the cases.

The collection is in good order, and, as far as room will permit, is ar- ranged in a proper manner.

In the last report it was mentioned that the Eailection was much crowd- ed, and the accession of four hundred articles, many of them large, makes it still more so; yet we shall endeavor to find room for all articles our kind friends are willing to send.

The book in which visitors are requested to record their names is kept in the Historical room, and it is estimated from the number of names en- tered in the book, and from the fact that but a small proportion of the visi- tors leave their names, that from seven to eight thousand persons have been benefitted by the freedom of the rooms during the year.

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The Commirree on Manuscripts would respectfully submit the fol- lowing Annual Report : —

The collection of manuscripts is now very large and valuable, consisting of original Charters, Commissions, Account books, Court papers, Foreign papers and manuscripts, Almanacs with written notes, &c., besides consider- able printed matter, which comes more appropriately under the charge of this committee than to any other now established, and which consists of rare his- torical tracts, maps, engravings, photographs, &c. These are now deposited in various places, many being arranged in drawers in the Historical room and the ante-room to the library, while others are. stored in the attic.

The collection is rapidly increasing in size and importance, but, with our present limited accommodations, there is no room or place suitable for even the safe keeping of that already accumulated, and it is impossible to have the collection so disposed as to be of practical use. This is much to be re- gretted, for there are many very valuable documents both for antiquarian curiosity and for historical research, especially with regard to the history and biography of this vicinity.

If these papers, some of them coming down from the earliest Colonial times, and many furnishing details and items of information relating to indi- viduals, public institutions, &c., which may become of the greatest impor- tance to the future antiquarian, could be placed where they could be easily referred to, and at the same time be safe from fire, a great advantage would be derived from this department of the Institute, which, we regret to say, is now impossible.

The committee, therefore, earnestly recommend that some method be devised to accomplish this desirable object, and that a fire-proof addition to the present building be erected for the deposit of valuable historical relics, and they are further able to state, that, should such an addition be made, they have the assurance that a large number of valuable portraits and family relics, as well as many extremely valuable manuscripts, would be made over to the Institute, and they trust that the matter will receive the serious consideration of the Society.

Wm. P. Uprnam, For the Committee.

The PusLicaTION ComMITTEE submit the following annual report :—

They are happy in being able to state that the success of the published Proceedings of the Institute, for the last year, has been most encouraging. Tn their last annual report this committee referred to the fact that the Messrs. Triibner & Co., of London, in their letter of the 27 Jan. 1865, had expressed a desire to act as agents of the Institute, for the circulation of the Proceedings in Europe, and had requested that the title page should bear their imprint, in connection with those of Messrs. Westermann & Co., and Wm. Wood & Co., of New York. Since that date arrangements have been made through the

37

Smithsonian Institution, for the exchange of the Procceedings with 170 Foreign Scientific Societies, from which we have every reason to expect very valuable returns during the ensuing year. Besides these we are already in regular exchange with 35 Societies and Publishers of Journals in the United States and the British Provinces in North America.

It is extremely desirable that these exchanges be kept up and extended as far as possible to other Societies. Not only do such exchanges result in filling our scientific library with the latest publications, containing the most recent and valuable discoveries and suggestions in science, but they serve at the same time to bring the Institute into favorable notice with scientific men, everywhere, and so draw to our cabinet a larger collection of specimens; and they also diffuse more widely the results of the labors of our own naturalists and thereby add to the general stock of scientific knowledge,

Your Committee recommend that every effort be made by the friends and members of the Institute to aid the Superintendent and Editor of the Proceedings, in continuing, punctually, the issue of future numbers, and in enlarging, if necessary, the edition printed. Great aid can be rendered to this end by soliciting subscriptions to the work, which already numbers upon its list of paying subscribers probably as many names as are to be found upon the subscription list to the publications of any other scientific society in the country, and letters which have recently been received from scientific men in Europe, and the request from the Royal Society of London, to ex- change its publications for ours, show that our work is becoming known and appreciated abroad.

The Naturalists’ Directory has been received by scientific men with marked approbation, and has been most cordially supported and encouraged. The editor has informed us that several hundred names of foreign natural- ists have already been received, and that as soon as the second part, now in course of publication, is printed, the third part, containing the foreign natu- ralists, will be ready for the press. ‘The thoroughness of the work, which is necessary in order to make it perfectly trustworthy, involves the editor in an extraordinary amount of labor in its preparation for the press.

The following analysis of the list of subscribers to the Proceedings and Naturalists’ Directory shows how widely these works are scattered, and from the almost daily receipt of new subscribers, it is more than probable that the number will be doubled during the publication of the coming volume of 1866 and ’7. D

Subscribers in Massachusetts, 102; New York, 39; Pennsylvania, 20; Ohio, 12; Connecticut, 9; Illinois, 7; Canada,6; Maine, 5; New Jersey, 5; Michigan, 5; California,5; Missouri, 5; Iowa, 4; Indiana, 4; Wash- ington, 4; Maryland, 3; New Hampshire, 3; Vermont, 2; Kansas, 2; Flo- rida, 2; Cuba, 2; England, 2; Nova Scotia, 1; New Brunswick, 1; St. Thomas,1; Belgium, 1; Germany,1; Wisconsin, 1; Kentucky, 1; Ten- nessee, 1; Virginia, 1; South Carolina, 1; Total, 258.

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Your Committee are obliged to express regrets that the Historical Col- lections have not made so much progress during the past year as was hoped. The October and December numbers of last year have not yet been pub- lished, though they have been for a long time going through the press. It has been deemed advisable to continue this publication in quarterly instead of bi-monthly numbers, as heretofore.

It is believed that an effort to enlarge the number of subscribers to this periodical would be attended with success, if pushed forward with the assidu- ity exhibited in the case of our Proceedings. The number of subscribers to the Collections is now 112, which is 38 or 40 less than the number of sub- scribers with which the work began, and yet it has annually increased in im- portance to the historian and genealogist. —

The Committee earnestly recommend the members of the Institute to use their influence to obtain new subscribers to this publication, which has, wherever it has fallen among students of our New England History and Genealogy, been received with high encomiums as a work of great value and interest.

A change of editors has already been arranged for the ensuing year; and it has been further resolved to call upon several members of the Insti- tute to furnish regularly a certain number of peges for each number, which will ensure a more regular supply of copy for the editor, who, in preparing and arranging his material for the printer, would find it a great assistance to know some time beforehand, with sufficient certainty, precisely what and how much material his forthcoming numbers will contain, and also enable him to communicate with contributors respecting any obscure language or irregular arrangement in the manuscript, before the printer begins to call for copy.

Respectfully submitted, For the Committee, A. C. GoopeELt, JR., Chairman.

After the reading of the several reports, on motion of Mr. Kimball they were referred to a special committee, to consider upon the suggestions therein contained and prepare a condensed statement of the condition, doings and wants of the Institute, and to present the same to the friends of the Institu- tion with a view of obtaining such material aid as will enable it to fully de- velop its plans in furtherance of the objects of its organization.

Messrs. Rantoul, Brooks, Wheatland, Upham and Pickman were ap- pointed a committee on nomination.

The Committee retired and then reported the following names to the meeting: Messrs. Francis Peabody, Charles A. Ropes, R. C. Manning, Wm. Sutton, F. W. Putnam and S. P. Fowler, and they were duly elected as the committee.

On motion of Mr. Kimball it was also voted: that this committee be au- thorized to fill vacancies and to add to their number.

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The following Officers and Committees were elected for the ensuing year, and until others shall be chosen in their stead :-—

PRESIDENT, FRANCIS PEABODY.

VICE PRESIDENTS,

Of Natural History —S. P. Fowxer. Of History — A. C. GoopELL, JR. Of Horticulture —J. F. ALLEN.

SECRETARY AND TREASURER, Henry WHEATLAND.

LIBRARIAN, CHARLES DAVIS.

SUPERINTENDENT OF THE MUSEUM, EF. W. Purnam.

FINANCE COMMITTEE, J. C. Lee, R. S. Rogers, H. M. Brooks, G. D. Phippen, J. Chamberlain.

LIBRARY COMMITTEE, J. G. Waters, Alpheus Crosby, H. J. Cross, G. D. Wildes, Wm. Sutton.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE,

A. C. Goodell, Jr., G. D. Phippen, Benj. Pickman, C. M. Tracy, Wm. P. Upham, Rk. 8. Rantoul, F. W. Putnam.

LECTURE COMMITTEE,

Francis Peabedy, A.C. Goodell, Jr., G.D.Phippen, George Perkins, James Kimball, G. W. Briggs, F. W. Putnam.

FIELD MEETING COMMITTEE,

Francis Peabody, G. B. Loring, C.M. Tracy, S. P. Fowler, J. M. Ives, G. D. Wildes, E. N. Walton, Charles Davis.

CURATORS OF NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENT.

Geology — HH. F. Shepard. Mineralogy—C. H. Higbee and D. M. Balch. Paleontology —H. F. King. Botany—C. M. Tracy and T. L. Per- kins. Comparative Anatomy— Henry Wheatland. Radiata—Caleb Cooke. Mollusca — H. F. King. = Articulata—J. H. Emerton and Caleb Cooke. Vertebrata—F. W. Putnam. Microscopy—H.¥. King, Benj. Webb, Jr., H. F. Shepard, Caleb Cooke, J. H. Emerton.

CURATORS OF HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT.

Ethnology — William S. Messervy, Matthew A. Stickney, John Robin- son. Manuscripts—W.P. Upham, H.M. Brooks, S. B. Buttrick, G. L. Streeter, G. D. Wildes, E. S. Waters. ine Arts— Francis Peabody, J. G. Waters, J. A. Gillis, Benj. Pickman.

CURATORS OF HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.

Fruits and Vegetables —J. M. Ives, J. 8. Cabot, R. 8. Rogers, John Bertram, G. B. Loring, S. A. Merrill, W. Maloon, A. Lackey, G. F. Brown, C. H. Norris, C. H. Higbee, Wm. D. Northend. Flowers —Francis Put- mam, Wm. Mack, Benj. A. West, Geo. D. Glover.

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Mr. Upham read the following proposed amendment to the constitution, which will have to be submitted at two quarterly meetings before final action upon it ean be taken.

Proposed amendment to Article III of the Constitution.

The following to be added to the fourth paragraph :—

“Provided that any Corresponding Member, at his or her request, and upon the recommendation of the Directors in writing, may, by vote at any meeting, become entitled to the privileges and liable to the duties and regu- lations of a Resident Member.”

It was then voted: — that the Curators of Horticulture be authorized to hold exhibitions of Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables, at such times and places as may be deemed advisable, and to adopt such regulations as may be requi- site for the proper conducting of the same.

Letters were read from Dr. Wm. A. Nason, Chicago, IIl.; Prof. 8. F.

‘ Baird, Smithsonian Institution; Rev. E. C. Bolles, Portland, Me.; Alpheus Hyatt, Baltimore, Md.

Luther D. Shepard and Samuel P. Walcott, of Salem, and Joseph W. LeFavour, of Beverly, were elected Resident Members.

Monpay, JuNE 4, 1866. Regular Meeting. Vice President GoopELL in the Chair.

Elliott Coues, Asst. Surg. U.S. A.; Sarah Ann Chever, of Melrose, Mass.; Burt G. Wilder, M. D., of Boston, Mass.; Thomas D. Lovett, of Malden, Mass.; Prof. Oliver Wendell Holmes, of Boston, Mass., were elected Corresponding Members. ; ‘

Caleb A. Smith, of Salem, was elected a Resident Member.

THURSDAY, JUNE 7, 1866, Field Meeting at Haverhill.

The first Field Meeting of the season took place this day, several hun- dred persons attending, of which about two hundred left Salem at 8 o’clock, A. M., in an extra train over the Essex Road, passing through South Dan- vers, Danvers, Topsfield, Boxford, Georgetown and Groveland to Bradford station, near the bridge over the Merrimac, and proceeded to the Town Hall in Haverhill, where they were welcomed by Dr. James R. Nichols, upon whose invitation Haverhill had been selected as the place of meeting.

A small party of zodlogists left the cars at Groveland station, and made an excursion down the Merrimac to the ferry, where they crossed the river and continued their explorations through the fields and woods to Lake Ke- noza, the head quarters of the meeting. This party passed several fishing stations and witnessed the capture of a few Shad, Alewives, Suckers and Lampreys, and they also secured several insects and other specimens found along their route.

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The thriving and prosperous town of Haverhill has changed much with- in the last twenty years. The old ship-yards that were once located above the bridge, whither several of the time honored merchants of Salem were wont to repair to have their vessels built, have now disappeared, and in their stead are erected large blocks of brick buildings, from which, for the most part, issued the busy hum of shoe manufacturing and other trades, carried on in this hive of industry. Under the guidance of Hon. Alfred Kittredge, some of the party were favored with an opportunity of visiting two or three of the principal of these manufactories.

Haverhill, like all our old settlements, abounds in interesting historic lore. For about seventy years it was one of the most exposed of the fron- tier towns, and many a harrowing tale of Indian barbarity is among its well authenticated legends. We need only mention the names of Rolfe and Dus- ton to suggest scenes of martyrdom and heroism not surpassed in any annals. And yet, for a place so rich in precious memories, the relics of the past have not been cherished with the care that they deserved, and the visible and tan- gible memorials are fewer than they should be, too many of them having been suffered to perish. George W. Chase, Esq., however, in his valuable history of Haverhill, has done much to perpetuate the remembrance of them, and has added to our literature one of the most interesting of town histo- ries.

From the top of the Town Hall and the residence of Dr. Nichols, very commanding views of Haverhill and vicinity are enjoyed, including the val- ley of the Merrimac in one of its loveliest sweeps, the surrounding territory, and old Wachusett looming up in the dim distance.

After a short tarry at the Hall and flying visits to places in its immedi- ate vicinity, vehicles were ready to convey the company to the beautiful grove on the estate of Dr. Nichols, bordering on the shores of Kenoza Lake, about a mile and a quarter from the main settlement. ‘This lovely sheet of water, embosomed among the hills, covers an area of about three hundred acres. It was formerly known by the prosaic yet significant epithet of “Great Pond,” and was always celebrated for the beauty of the surrounding scenery and the fine fish from its waters. The point of land on the northeastern extremity has for many years been a favorite place of resort for summer parties, and the citizens have a perpetual right to use it for this purpose. In 1859 the spot was improved and beautified, and the Lake formally renamed with ap- propriate dedicatory services. To the poet Whittier, a native of Haverhill, was entrusted the honor of selecting a name, and he christened the Pond “ Kenoza Lake,” “ Kenoza” being the Indian designation of “ pickerel,”’ the species of fish most abounding in its waters. Whittier wrote a beautiful poem for the occasion, in which he charmingly sings the praises of the Lake.

During the forenoon the company improved the opportunity for ram- bling as their several tastes dictated, and at one o’clock reassembled on the

PROCEEDINGS ESSEX INST. VOL. V. 6 AUGUST 25, 1866.

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shore of the Lake, in the fine grove, where well spread tables and rustic seats on the sloping hill side were arranged, and a bountiful collation was pre- pared. At 2 P. M. the meeting was called to order with

Vice President GoopELL in the Chair.

The Chairman stated in brief the objects of the organization, and its growth in membership, which has now reached to the number of 530 Resi- dent members, and alluded to its Library, its publications, and its extensive correspondence and system of exchanges with similar institutions in this and foreign countries.

The following letters were announced: — from Henry A. Smith, Cleve- land, Ohio ; William A. Williams, Salem; W.H. Niles, New Haven, Conn. ; A. C. Goodell, Jr., Salem (received May 9); A. M. Edwards, New York, (May 10); Prof. E. D. Cope, Haverford Coliege, Pa.; John R. Bartlett, Secretary of State, Providence, R. I. (May 11); Prof. F. V. Hayden, Uni- versity of Pennsylvania; W. H. Pease, Honolulu, Sandwich Isles; Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College; J. Smith Futher, Westchester, Pa. (May 12); J. A. Allen, Springtield; J. K. Wiggin, Boston (May 14); New Orleans Academy of Science; G. W. Pease, Salem; T.H.O. P. Burnham, Boston (May 15); Henry d’Aligny, Houghton, Mich.; E. S. Morse, Port- land Society of Natural History; F. Poole, South Danvers (May 16); Prof. S. F. Baird, Smithsonian Institution; J. Carson Brevoort, Brooklyn, N. Y. (May 18); Brevet Major Gen. C. S. N. Crawford, U.S. A. (May 19); G. A. Boardman, Milltown, Me.; Prof. Jeffries Wyman, Cambridge ; Prof. Francis 8. Holmes, College of Charleston, S. C.; Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College; Ass’t Surg. Elliott Coues, U.S. A. (May 22); Otto Kuntz, Boston; Smithsonian Institution (May 23); Prof. S. F. Baird, Smithso- nian Institution; W. Merritt, Sup’t Boston & Me. R. R. (May 24); S. H. Scudder, Annaberg, Saxony; Prof. A. HE. Verrill, Yale College; A. S. Tay- lor, Santa Barbara, Cal. (May 25); E.T. Cox, New Harmony, Ind.; G. D. Phippen, Salem ; Dr. James R. Nichols, Haverhill (May 26); Otto Kuntz, Boston, (May 27); Alfred Stone, Providence, R. I.; Ass’t Surg. Elliott Coues, U.S. A.; R. C. Greenleaf, Boston; Prof. 0. W. Holmes, Boston ; Prof. Francis S. Holmes, College of Charleston, 8. C.; John J. Babson, Gloucester (May 28); O. C. Marsh, Yale College; George H. Moore, Libr. N. Y. Hist. Society (May 29); Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College; Prof. O. W. Holmes, Boston; Dr. James R. Nichols, Haverhill; Prof. W. P. Blake, San Francisco, Cal. (May 80); J. A. Allen, Springfield; EK. N. Walton, Salem ; Dr.S. A. Green, Boston ; Edwin Bicknell, Boston ; W. Merritt, Sup’t Boston & Me. R. R. (May 31); Dr. Benj. Pickman, Highgate Springs, Vt. (June 1); C.C. Beaman, Jr., Washington, D. C.; Prof. F. S. Holmes, College of Charleston, S. C. (June 2); Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College ; Dr. Wm. Stimpson, Sec’t Chicago Academy of Science (June 3); W. M. Hunting, Fairfield, N. Y.; Charles Nauman, Lancaster, Pa.; W. Merritt, Sup’t B. & Me. R. R.; John Ward Dean, N. E. Hist. Gen. Society (June 5); A. C. Goodell, Jr., Salem (June 6 ).

The Superintendent made a few remarks upon the singular habits of the Spade-footed Toad, Scapiiopus solitarius, and read a short communication from Mr. J. A. Allen, of Springfield, Mass., as follows : —

Springfield, May 29, 1866.

“T send you by to days express a living pair of what I take to be the Spade-footed Toad (Scaphiopus), which | obtained yesterday, May 28.

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I found the first one at night, after the heavy rain of the 27th, in a path at the edge of a recently ploughed field, a quarter of a mile from any pond or running water. Several were heard during the evening in various directions, but they did not seem abundant, and the darkness prevented my obtaining any. The next morning my brother collected a pair which he found copu- lating in a little pool formed by the heavy rain. I visited the pool shortly after, but found only a single female, and she had already laid her eggs. Strings of eggs were attached to the grass growing in.the water which, from their quantity and being placed in different parts of the pool, I concluded must have been deposited by two females. The pair obtained by my brother I placed in water, and during the day the female deposited her spawn. I fre- quently heard the notes of several other pairs, during the day, in different pools of water.

You will remember that I have repeatedly asserted that Scaphiopus oc- curred at Springfield, and that on more than one occasion I had heard their ‘notes, the last time I heard them was about the end of June, 1863, after a succession of heavy showers had filled low places with temporary pools of water, when from noon ’til 11 P. M. all such pools and ponds resounded with their unmistakable croakings. ‘They were then out in great numbers and undoubiedly spawned; but, being confined to the house by illness, 1 was un- able to observe the fact or to obtain specimens.

Having observed this species spawning at Cambridge, early in the spring, their spawning here so late as June becomes the more interesting, and I think the time of spawning of this singular species is governed much by the wetness or dryness of the season.

This year water has not stood before in the places here frequented by them for the deposition of their ova. ‘Two days ago the pool was dry, where yesterday they laid their eggs, and no other toads or frogs were about (they had all spawned long ago).

I shall observe the development of the eggs and tadpoles and will let you know about them”’.

Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

A large display of native plants, the gleanings of the Botanists of the party during their forenoon rambles, having been placed on the table, Cyrus M. Tracy, of Lynn, was called upon, and spoke in his usual instructive man- ner of the different species, among which, were the Nodding Trillium, 77il-

dium cernuum ; Bellwort Uvularia perfoliata ; Solomon’s Seal, Polygonatum bi- florum; Yellow Violet, Viola pubescens ; Indian Turnip, Ariscema triphyllum ; Cranesbill, Geranium maculatum ; and then alluded to the pecularities in the flora of this section of the county; the excellence of the soil for developing many rare and interesting plants, and had not conclnded his interesting com- ments on the specimens before him when a shower commenced which in- creased to such an extent as to compel a speedy adjournment. This was fol- lowed by a succession of summer rainfalls which prevented the resumption of the business meeting, though detracting nothing from the hilarity of the party, who sought shelter as best they could until the arrival of the carriages which conveyed them back to the Town Hall.

The interruption of the meeting was unfortunate, as the material at hand afforded a variety of topics of the most interesting and instructive character. The Zodlogists had been quite successful in their collections and were pre-

44

pared to give an account of their doings. Many gentlemen from Haverhill, Boston, and other places were on the ground, who would, if opportunity had permitted, have furnished much useful and valuable information in regard to the civil and natural history of this section of the county.

The attentions of Dr. Nichols continued to the moment of departure, and to him the members of the Institute are under especial obligations for the pleasures and comforts of the day.

To Hon. Alfred Kittredge, James Gale, Esq., formerly of Salem, and many other citizens of Haverhill, thanks are due for kind attentions and agreeable hospitality.

The party returned by way of North Andover, Middleton, &c., at 5.30 P. M., greatly delighted with their days experience, and the meeting was ad- journed to Friday noon at the rooms of the Institute.

The following letter received from Mr. John Bartlett, the well known and reliable collector of North American Naiades, is inserted here as being most appropriate in connection with this meeting, especially as Mr. Bartlett was present at the meeting, and would have been called upon for remarks if the rain had not caused so speedy an adjournment. It is to be hoped that similar lists and remarks, as these furnished by Mr. Bartlett, will be received from all parts of the county.—Kditor. Be

HAVERHILL, July 2d, 1866. F. W. Purnam;

Dear Sir: Ladvised you by mail that you might look out for a box of shells from me, for the Institute. I now forward it; but of course, from this quarter, you will not expect rare and beautiful speci- mens; the contents of the box will merely show you what exists in the wa- ters of this neighborhood, and I send just what I could find, not the best specimegs however, for these now scft were all dead shells when picked up, brought out by the musk-rats.: No others could be found without dredging, and I was not prepared for that.

We have three ponds within one mile from the ‘Town Hall, and not more than a quarter of a mile from each other. The largest is ‘“ Kenoza Lake,” covering, it is said, three hundred acres; sandy bottom, with small stones and pebbles. The next in size is “Round Pond,” fed by springs, a beautiful pond which supplies the town with water, and said to contain eighty acres; sandy and pebbly bottom. The smallest ofthe three is “ Plug Pond,” said to contain seventy acres; the eastern part is deep, sandy and stony; the western end shallow and muddy. Besides the above, in the Wesi Parish, about four miles from the Town Hall, is another pond called “Creek Pond.” Ihave not examined this thoroughly, but a short time since I traversed the N. E. side; not many shells were found; I collected, I suppose, a fall assortment of such specimens as the pond affords. Creek Pond is rather shallow, and, where 1 examined, much grass on the bottom was found. In all the ponds I found the Unio comp/unatus Solander, perhaps forty times more numerous than all other species put together. A few Unio radiatus Barnes are found. ‘The Unio nasutus Say is very rare; I never picked up a half dozen specimens here in my life. Iam able, however, to send you one young shell, quite perfect, and a few odd valves; this shell (nasutus) is not foundin Plug Pond, but in all the others. Anodons are found

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in all the ponds, and seem all of the same species; I have not ventured to give the specific name; probably they are the fluviatilis; they are hardly thick enough for the implicata. I could not procure good specimens, they are fragile, and on the shores are found much broken; in the Fall, when the waters are low, specimens alive may be procured.

I send you also some specimens from the Merrimack River; my range has been about five miles on the Haverhill side, —say three above the railroad and two below. These river shells are also ‘“ Musk-rat shells,” but most of them very fair; they wer: found under bushes and covered with mud and sand, and not injured by the sun.

What I send may not be wanted by the Institute for Cabinet specimens, but they may serve as a hint to the society to engage persons in the other towns of Essex County to “go and do likewise,” which plan, well carried out, would give you a complete account of all the Naiades in the County. I should like to be engaged in making such an interesting collection. I have my eye on the ponds in Bradford, and the Bradford shore of the river, and it is not impossible that, after a while, I may be able to forward another box.

Some of the specimens now sent may do for the cabinet, if wanted; especially the U. radiatus, and the rayed specimens of U.complanatus. I would wash the outside with a sponge dipped in muriatic acid, very much diluted, and when dry put on the slightest possible coat of clear varnish with a sponge; the rays will then show distinctly.

Catalogue of Shells found in the ponds of Haverhill, Mass., and in the Mer- rimack River near that Town.

In Kenoza Lake. 300 Acres. Unio complanatus Solander ; Unio radiatus Barnes ; Unio nasutus Say ; Anodon sp.?; Physa hererostropha Say.

In Rounp Ponp. 80 Acres. Unio complanatus; Unio radiatus ; Unio nasutus ; Anodon sp. ?

In Piue Ponp. 70 Acres. Unio complanatus; Unio radiatus; Ano- don sp. ? ~

J have never found U. nasutus in“this pond. y :

In Creek Ponp. 300 Acres. Unio complanatus; Unio radiatus ; Unio nasutus ; Anodon sp. ? :

In Merrimick River. Unio cariosus’Say; Unio complanatus Solan- der; Unio radiatus Barnes ; Alasmodon undylatd Say.

In my searches recently I found no U. radiatus in the river, but a few years since I found numbers of them; had none on hand to put into the box.

The Alasmodon undulata is a very rare shell in the river at this locality. I was fortunate in finding one whole specimen and a single valve to forward with the others. I never found but four specimens here. Three years ago I picked up two very fair ones.

Iam uncertain about Anodons in the river. Ihave not seen one near the river this season. I have examined among all the shells found in my range and have not seen ashell or a fragment of a shell of that genus. Some years since I collected shells in the river, but I have no list of them, and cannot say whether Anodonta was among them or not.

Among the quantities of Unio complanatus found on the shores of the ponds I have not seen arayed specimen. All of this variety sent in the box were from a sandy point, from a mile and a half to two miles below Ha- verhill, on the shore of the river.

ll the shells in the box appeared to have been dropped by the Musk- rats a good while since, as no animal matter was found on them.” Very respectfully yours, Joun Bartlett.

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Fripay, JUNE 8, 1866. Adjourned Meeting. Vice President GoopELL in the Chair.

On motion of the Secretary it was voted: — That the thanks of the Es- sex Institute be tendered to our fellow member James R. Nichols, of Haver- hill, for the kind attentions and generous hospitality extended to the mem- bers and their friends during the pleasant and long to be remembered visit of the Institute to Haverhill on Thursday the 7th of June, and that he be re- quested to thank those of his fellow citizens who extended courtesies on the occasion.

Charles S. Emmerton, of Salem, and Dr. Henry C. Perkins, of New- buryport, were elected Resident Members.

Monpay, JUNE 18, 1866. Regular Meeting. Henry F. Sueparp in the Chair.

Rev. Samuel C. Beane and Nathaniel C. Robbins, of Salem, and H. K. West, of Haverhill, were elected Resident Members. Professor Francis S. Holmes, of Charleston, S. C., was elected a Corresponding Member.

Additions to the Museum and Library during April, May and June, 1866.

TO THE NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENT. By Donation.

A Frienp, Salem. A large and valuable collection, consisting of sev- eral thousand Shells, and several Echinoderms and Corals, from various lo- calities. A collection of dried Grasses and various Plants.

Arwoop, Carr. N. E., Provincetown. Specimens of Balistes and Aluteres, from the North Atlantic.

BaRTLETT, JAMES, Wenham. Skeleton of a Bittern, Boturus lentiqi- nosus, from Wenham. Nest and Eggs of the Oriole, /cterus Baltimore, from Beverly.

Bemis, Miss Caroxuine E., Chicopee. Collection of Shells, from St. Augustine, Fla.

CHAMBERLAIN, J. A., Salem. 24 specimens, 11 species of South Pa- cific and West Indian Shells.

Cotcorp, Mrs. H. M., South Danvers, 2 specimens of Pewee, Sayornis fusca and nest and eggs of the same, also nest and eggs of the Chip-Spar- row, from Danvers.

Cooks, Cates, Salem. Embryos of the Black and White Creeper,

Parasites from the Cod. Heads of Sphyrana and Thynnus, from the South Atlantic. Creamer, Miss Carorine. Lignite, from near Hyde Park, Vt.

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Dapsney, Miss Marcaret, Salem. Specimen of Verd Antique Mar- ble, from Port Henry, N. Y. Kaolin or China Clay, from Monkton, Vt. Slab containing Fossil Shells, from Lake Champlain, Vt.

Emerton, JAMES H., Salem. Beetle from India Rhubarb Root. Larve and Pups of Gall Flies, from Oak Galls.

Fert, Bengamin, Salem. Polished specimen of the Oil Shale, from the West Moreland and Albert Mine, N. Brunswick.

Fett, S. Q., Salem. A twisted Vine, from ————— ?

GrERinG, James, Salem. Large Scale of a Sturgeon, from George’s Banks.

GotpsmitH, Cart. Joun, Salem. Skin of a Leopard, from Africa.

Grocer, Mr., Beverly. Green Feldspar, from Beverly.

Grover, WiLi1aM, Salem. 3 Skates, 3 Flounders, 1 Lobster, from Salem Harbor.

Hammonn, Capr. JosePH, Salem. A valuable collection of Fishes, Crustaceans, Shells and Radiates, from the Sandwich and Falkland Islands. Collection of Mosses and Lichens, from the Falkland Islands.

HaskKeELL, Exisau, U.S. N. Specimen of Madrepore, from Mexico.

Hunrineron, Mrs. G. C., Kelly’s Island, Ohio. Minerals and Fos- sils, from Lowville, N. Y.

Hieser, C. H., Salem. 81 specimens, 42 species, of Insects ; 2 speci- mens, 2 species, of Lizards, from Egg Harber, N. J.

Horcuxiss, Henry, New Haven, Ct. 2 specimens of Blaitta, from a ship from Para.

Jacons, Mrs. H. M., Salem. Nest and Eggs of Red-eyed Vireo, from Salem.

Kemp, Samus, Salem. Lump-Fish, Cyclopterus lumpus, from Salem Harbor.

Kimpatt, JAMES, Salem. 2 Lampreys and 2 Alausa sp., from Ipswich River. Several Minerals.

Mann, Horace and Bricuam, W. T., Boston. 31 species of. Ferns, from Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

Merritt, J. C., Cambridge. Collection of Spiders, from Cambridge.

Muttien, Capt. Joun, Salem. Syngnathus sp., from the China Sea.

Nicuoxrs, ANDREW, Danvers. Humming Bird, from Danvers.

Nicnots, Jonn, Salem. Afttacus cecropia, from: Salem.

Preasopy, Francis, Salem. Specimens of the Whitebait, from the Thames, England.

Prerxins, Dr. H. C., Newburyport. Castof the Humerus of Mylodon found on the Walhammet River, Oregon.

Pinnock, Tuomas, Salem. Iron pyrites taken from slate, from Vt.

PortER, SAMUEL, Beverly. Specimen of Seriola zonata, from Beverly arbor.

48

Prince, Amos, Salem. Young Night Heron. Nyctiardea Gardeni, from North Salem.

Putnam, C. A., Salem. 2 young Linnets, from Salem.

Purnam, F. W., Salem. Oak Galls.

Putnam, Carr. W. H. A., Salem. 3 specimens Ophiurans, from the China Sea. 5 specimens, 5 species, of Insects, from Siam; 9 specimens, 8 species, from Batavia. 17 Scorpions, Centipedes and Spiders, taken on board ship. 1 Annelid, from the Gulf weed. 375 specimens, 73 species, of Coral, from Singapore. A large collection of Fishes, from the China Sea and Gulf weed. 7 specimens, 6 species, of Reptiles, from Anjer; 1 speci- men from China; 4 specimens, 3 species, from Batavia. 10 specimens, 5 species, of Birds, from Batavia and Atlantic Ocean. 78 skins, of 36 spe- cies of Birds, from the Molucca Islands. 1 Porpoise, from off the coast of United States. 1 Foetus of Sheep, from Anjer. 2 Rodents from Anjer. 374 specimens of Crustaceans, from the China Sea; 150 specimens, from Gulf weed. Several specimens of Mollusks, Holothurians, Echini and Star fishes, from the China Sea.

Putnam, Mrs. W. H. A., Salem. A collection of Shells, from Cal- dera, Chili.

Reap, G. F., Salem. Shells, from Nantucket. Horned Toad, from Texas.

_ Roginson, Joun, Salem. 49 specimens, 15 species, of Ferns, from New England. Specimen of Madrepore, from Florida.

Sanporn, F. G., Boston: 2 eggs of Nyctiardea Gardeni, from Can- ton, Mass.

Surrert, E., Havana, Cuba. Collection of Shells, from Cuba.

Taytor, C. H., Salem. Fossil Shells and Corals, from a Brick yard at Newbern, N. C. 1 Helix albolabris, from Newbern, N. C.

TuHayeER, E. S., Salem. Specimen of Paraphine.

Upton, Water, Salem. Minerals, from Paintville, Ky.

Unknown. Skull of a Black Bear.

West, Miss Mary E., Salem, Male and female specimens of Attacus Luna, from near Bartholomew’s Pond.

WILKINS, J..Salem. Skin of a Black Snake, from Ashburnham, Mass.

WHEATLAND, Mrs. Grorcex, Salem. 3 specimens of Polished Agate, from near Bombay, India. :

WHEATLAND, Miss M. G., Salem. Living specimen of Cistudo Virginica ; several specimens of Corals, Sponges, Shells and Echinoderms, and a collection of Lichens, Mosses and Fungi, from St. Augustine, Fla.

WHEATLAND, Capt. RrcHarpD, Salem. Tooth of a Whale.

YaLe CoLieGE, CaBinet or, New Haven, Ct. 16 specimens, 10 spe- cies, of Neuroptera ; 39 specimens, 19 species, of Orthoptera; 28 specimens, 19 species, of Lepidoptera, from Mass., Me., N. H. and Conn. Identified specimens.

49

TO THE HISTORICAL DEPARTMENY. By DONATION.

BROWNE, ALBERT G., Salem. Relics from Andersonville Prison.

GOopwWItn, Enocu, Newburyport. An Indian Stone Hatchet, found in Belleville (Newbury).

HaMMOND, Carr. JOSEPH, Salem. ‘‘ Kigure head” from the prow of an Ancient War Vessel of the Natives of the Kingsmills Islands.

OsBorN, J., Salem. <A land Torpedo taken from Salient Number two of the Confederate Fort Esperanza.

PrerRRy, AuGustTus, Salem. Plaster Bust of Nathaniel Bowditch.

PULSIFER, Davip, Boston. Relic from Goy. Hancock’s House, Boston. A Rifle found near the place where the mine exploded at Pe- tersburg, Va.

Putnam, Capr. W. H. A., Salem. A Dutch silver coin (6 stivers).

ROBINSON, JOHN, Salem. A Wash Bowl made from the brass ball on the Third ‘‘ First Church” of Salem. Feather Work from South America.

Ropes, Miss Susan, Salem. Two Native Dish Covers, from Zan- zibar.

Taytor, C. H., Salem. Relics from the Battlefield of Newburn.

TO THE LIBRARY. By DONATION.

ALLEY, JOHN B., M. C. Commerce and Navigation of United States, 1863 and 1864, 2 vols.,8vo. Smithsonian Report for 1863, 1 vol., 8vo. Commercial Relations, 1864, 1 vol., 8vo. Report on the Conduct of the War, 1865, 3 vols., 8vo. Message and Documents, 1864-5, 4 vols., 8vo. Report on Internal Revenue, 1 vol., 8vo, 1865. Patent Office Report, Arts and Manufactures, 1862, 2 vols., 8vo. 9 Pamphlets.

BacuHe, A. D., Sup’t Coast Survey. Coast Survey Report for 1863, 1 vol., 4to.

Buake, WILLIAM P., San Francisco, Cal. Annotated Catalogue of Minerals of California by W. P. Blake, 8vo, pamph., Sacramento, 1866.

BLAND, THomMas, New York. Remarks on the Operculated Land Shells of Aierica, 8vo, pamph. :

Brooks, Henry M. 10 Pamphlets.

CHAPMAN, JOHN, Mass. Legis. Doc. for 1842 and 1843, 4 vols., 8vo.

CHASE, GEORGE C., Friends Review, 20 numbers.

CoLcorD, Mrs. H. M., South Danvers. Billing’s Singing Master's Assistant, 1 vol., Boston, 1781.

Couss, Eviiorr, U.S. Army. Prodrome of a work on the Orni- thology of Arizona Territory, 8vo, pamph., Philadelphia, 1866.

PROCEEDINGS ESSEX INST. VOL. V. T JAN. 20, 1867.

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Crosby, ALpHrEus. A collection of various Newspapers.

DaLanp, W.S., New York. New York Directory for 1863 and 1865, 2 vols., 8vo.

Dat, Wriuiam H., San Francisco, Cal. Dall’s Memorial Sketcl of Thos. Bridges, 8vo, pamph., San Francisco, 1866.

Darron, Samuen. A Collection of Mss. Letters, &c.

Davips, T. W., Colchester, England. David’s Annals of Evangeli- eal Nonconformity in Kssex, 1 vol., 8vo, London, 1863.

Foorr, Cates. 46 Pamphlets.

GREEN, SamugL &., Boston. 175 Pamphlets. Flint’s Report on Agriculture of Mass. for 1865-6, 8vo, 1 vol.

Hanarorp, Mrs. P. A., Reading. Ladies’ Repository for May 1866, 8vo, pamph.

Harr, CHarites H. Ruggles’ Address at the Opening of the Metro- politan Fair, April, 1864, 8vo, pamph. The Three Days Battle of Chattanooga, Nov., 1863, 8vo, pamph.

Hotmes, Francis 8., Charleston, S. C. Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina by M. Tuomey and F. S. Holmes, 1 vol., 4to, Charleston, 1857. Post Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina by F. S. Holmes, 1 vol., Ato, Charleston, 1860.

Horcuktss, Miss Susan V., New Haven, Ct. New Haven Directo- ries for several years, 7 vols., 12mo. Several Pamphlets.

Hovey, EpmuND O., Wabash College, Ind. 3ist Annual Catalogue of Wabash College, 1864-5. 8vo, pamph.

How. Henry, King’s College, Windsor, N. S. Contributions te the Mineralogy of Nova Scotia, 8vo, pamph. Report on Mines of No- va Scotia, Svo, pamph. Report on Certain Minerals found by Dr. Hon- eyman, 8vo, pamph.

Hunt, THomas. Christ and the People, by A. B. Child, 1 vol., t2mo, Boston, 1866.

Innis, Mrs. Joun A. Saturday Evening Post from 1829 to 1843, incl., 6 vols., folio, Philadelphia: :

JOCELYN, Miss Mary E. Spirit of Pilgrims for 1863-4, 2 vols., 8vo.

Kenpic, A. B., lowa City, Iowa. Catalogue of Cornell College for 1864-5, 8vo, paniph.

Kimpaui, Mrs. Erizaperu. The Liberator for 1865, 1 vol., folio.

KIMBALL, JAMES. Proceedings of Roy. Arch. Chapter of Mass. from Dec., 1864 to Oct., 1865, 8vo, pamph. ;

Larour, L. A. Huguet-, Quebec, Canada. Report on the Crown Lands of Canada, Dec. 31, 1865, 8vo, pamph. Annuaire de Ville-Ma- rie, premiere annee 1863, 1 vol, 8yo.

LEwis, WINSLOW, Boston. Conditions of Success in Genealogical Investigations by Fowler, 8vo, pamph. Sibley’s Notices of Trien. Catalogue of Hary. Univ., 8vo, pamph.

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Marsn, ©. €., New Haven, Ct. Marsh’s Description of an Ancient Sepulchral Mound near Newark, Ohio, 8vo, pamph., New Haven, 1866.

MunsELL, JorLt, Albany. Albany Directories for several years, 19 yols., 12mo.

NELSON, H. M., Georgetown. Annual Reports of 24 towns of Essex County for 1865. 41 Pamphlets,

Pacer, CHaries D., Groveland. Howard’s Sermon at Groveland, Jan. 25, 1865, 8vo, pamph.

PAINE, NATHANIEL, Worcester. 6th Annual Report of the Directors Worcester Free Public Library, 8vo, pamph.

PERKINS, GeorGE. Monthly Journal of American Unitarian Asso- ciation, 12 numbers, 12mo.

PERLEY, JONATHAN. Annual Report of Expenditures and Receipts of Ipswich, 1865, 8vo, pamph.

Puiuurrs, STEPHEN H. Bill and Answer to Bill, Mass. vs. R. I. (Boundary Question), 4to, pamph., 1852-60.

PICKMAN, BENJAMIN. The Nation, several numbers.

Purnam, Mrs. EvizaBeTH A. 32 Pamphlets.

RANTOUL, R. S, Papers relating to Salem Union League.

Rice, WiLtr1aAM, Springfield. Annual Report of Springfield City Library, 1866, 8vo, pamph.

ScHanrrer, G, A. W. Herricu-, Regensburg, Germany. Die Schmetterlinge der Insel Cuba, Erste Lieferung, 8yo, pamph. Prodro- mus Systematis Lepidopterorum, 8vo, pamph.

SrickNEy, M. A. Daily Dispatch, Richmond, April 19, 1866.

STONE, B. W, Philadelphia Directory for 1864, 1-vol., 8vo. Sev- eral pamphlets.

SumMNER, CHartes, U. S. Sen. Cresswell’s Life and Character of Henry Winter Davis, 1 vol., 8vo, Washington, 1866. 5 Pamphlets.

Upnam, O. W. H. Several numbers of the High School Gazette.

Upton, James. Atlantic Monthly, vols. 13 and14. American Bap- tist Missionary Magazine, vols. 44 and 45. Living Age, vols. 27, 28 29, 30, 31 of the 3d series.

Warp, CHARLES. ‘Our Daily Fare,” a paper in 12 nos., and other pamphlets relating to the Great Central Fair in Philadelphia, June, 1864.

WHEATLAND, Miss MartHa G, Boston Daily Journal, from Jan’y to July, 1866.

WYMAN, JEFrRIES, Cambridge, Wyman’s Notes on the Cells of the Bee, 8vo, pamph., Cambridge, 1866.

YounG, S. I., Bowdoin College. Catalogue of Bowdoin College, 1866, 8vo, pamph., and other pamphlets relating to the College.

ay

By EXCHANGE. AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN Socrpty. Proceedings of meetings of March 16 and April 25, 1866, 8vo, pamph. Boston Society oF Naturat History. Proceedings, vol. 10. pages 145 to 320. BurraLo YOuNG Men’s Association. 380th Annual Report, 8vo. pamph. CANADA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Report of Progress to 1863, 1 vol.,. 8vo, Montreal, 1863. CANADIAN INsTITUTE. The Canadian Journal for April, 1866, 8vo. pamph. CHICAGO ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. Proceedings, vol. 1. pp. 1 to 48. Epirors. American Journal of Science, for May. American Mining Index, for April, May and June. Beadle’s Monthly, for May. Dublin Quarterly Journal of Science, for April.

Essex Banner, . . . for April, May and June. Gardener’s Monthly, “e ee EOS Tec eee Tee Gloucester Telegraph, ‘* ee SOT aes Haverhill Gazette, ze ee Ee eel = 1 Historical Magazine. ee a6 a é Lawrence American, et os se

Lynn Reporter, oF ee aa a Salem Observer, ae ae enemies a

ce ce ee ee

South Danvers Wizard, ‘ Trtibner’s American and Oriental Literary Record, Apr. and May. FIRELANDS Hisrorican Socrery. © The Firelands Pioneer for June. 1866, 8vo, pamph. Iowa SraTEe Historicar Society. The Annais of lowa, for April. 1866, 8vo, pamph. MASSACHUSETTS HisroricaL Society. Proceedings, 1864-5, 1 vol.. 8vo. MusEuM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY AT CampBripGr. Annual Re- port of Trustees, for 1865, Svo, pamph. Nrw ENGLAND Hisroric-GENEALOGICAL Society. Lewis’s Vale- dictory Address, Feb. 7, 1866, 8vo, pamph. New Hampsuire Hisroricat Sociery. Collections. vol. 8, 8vo, Concord, 1866. New Jersey Hisroricant Socirrry. Proceedings. vol. 10, No. 2. New York CuAMBER OF ComMMERCE. 8th Annual Report, 1865-66, l vol. 8vo. 54 pamphlets. New York MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Catalogue of Books in Library, 1 vol.,-Svo. New York, 1866.

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Onto MECHANIC’s INSTITUTE. 38th Annual Report, 8vo, pamph., Cincinnati, 1866.

PraBopy INSTITUTE, South Danvers. 14th Annual Report of Trus- tees, 8vo, pamph.

PHILADELPHIA ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. Proceedings for Jan’y, Feb. and March, 1866, 8vo, pamph.

PHILADELPHIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SocreTy. ‘The Practical Ento- mologist, vol. 1, Nos. 6, 7, 8.

RHODE IsLanpD HisroricaLt Socrery. Colonial Records, vol. 10, 8vo, Providence, 1865.

SainT Louis ACADEMY OF ScreNCE. Transactions, vol. 2, No. 2, 8vo, pamph.

U. S. Sanirary Commission. Ages of U.S. Volunteer Soldiery, 8vo, pamph., New York, 1866.

WISCONSIN STaTE HisroricaL Soctety. Dedicatory Addresses, Jan’y 24, 1866, 8vo, pamph.

ZOOLOGISCHE GESELLSCHAFT, Frankfiirt,a M. Der Zoologische Garten, vol. 6, Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.

Fripay, JuLy 6, 1866. Field Meeting at Asbury Grove, Hamilton.

The second Field Meeting of the season was held at the Camp Meet- ing Grounds in Hamilton, by permission of the Association owning this beautiful grove.

The morning rambles extended over the various woods, fields and meadows in the vicinity of the grove; many of the party visiting Pleas- ant Pond, which was reached by a fine shaded walk through the woods.

On the return of the various parties a most welcome collation was partaken of in the dining hall and the numerous party then assem- bled in the grove, where, at 3 o’clock in the afternoon, the meeting was called to order with

Vice President GOopELL in the chair.

Letters received since the last meeting were announced from the following :— Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College (May 12); Prof. S. F. Baird, Smithsonian Institution (May 18); Henry A. Smith, Cleveland. Ohio (May 20); J. W. Lefavour, Beverly (May 22); Dr. J. E. Holbrook. Charleston, S. C. (May 25); Corporation of Williams College (June 6) ; C. D. Page, Groveland (June 7); Maine Historical Society (June 9) ; Dr. James R. Nichols, Haverhill; Ass’t Surg. Elliott Coues, U.S. A. (June 10); A. Agassiz, Museum Comp. Zoology; Chicago Academy of Science; American Antiquarian Society (June 12); Capt. N. E. Atwocd. Provincetown; S. Jillson, Feltonville; Dr. Henry C. Perkins; Prof. Joseph Henry, Sec’y Smithsonian Institution (June 14); H. A. Cutting. Lunenburgh, Vt.; Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College (June 15); E. W. Hubbard, Tottenville, N. Y. (June 16); Rev. J. E. Long. Hublersburg,

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Pa. (June 17); W. M. Gabb, Paleontologist, California Survey, San Francisco, Cal. (June 18); W.G. Richardson, Oxford, Miss.; State Hist. Society of lowa; Prof, O. W, Holmes, Boston; H, Challen, Phila- dlelphia (June 20); Rev. A. B. Kendig, Marshalltown, Iowa; N. Paine, Worcester; E. W. Buswell, Malden; Prof. J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio; Wm. Couper, Quebec, Canada; Prof. D.S. Sheldon, Davenport, Towa (June 22); Prof. R. Qwen, Ind. State University (June 23); Hen- ry K. West, Haverhill; Rey. E. C, Bolles, Portland, Me. (June 25); Prof, S. F. Baird, Smithsonian Institution (June 26); John Bartlett, Haver- hill; Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College (June 28); Ass’t Surg. Elliott Coues, U.S. A., Columbia, 8. C,; Thomas Bland, New York (June 29) ; W. F. Goodwin, Lib. N. H. Historical Society; Samuel H, Wadleigh, Georgetown; W. H. Dall, Acting Director Scientific Corps, Behring Strait Telegraph Co., San Francisco, Cal.; Gen’l Albert Ordway, Rich= mond, Va. (July 1); John Krider, Philadelphia, Pa.; G. Peabody Rus- sell, Haverhill (July 2); John H, Thomson, New Bedford; John Bart= Jett, Haverhill; Prof. D. 8. Sheldon, Davenport, Iowa (July 5),

Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

The chair made a few remarks respecting the place ‘of the meeting, and the kindness of the Association in allowing the Institute to occupy the grounds, and called on Mr, James F. Almy, of Salem, a member of the Association for an account of the origin of the ‘‘ Camp Meetings” held in this place. Mr. Almy responded as follows :—

Mr. PRESIDENT : — I esteem it meet that a field meeting of the Es- sex Institute should be held on the grounds ofthe Asbury Grove Camp Meeting Assaciation.

Religion and science may well walk with joined hands, If it may be truly said, ‘‘The undevout astronomer is mad,” so he who searches out the wonderful Chart of nature, must avow the handiwork of God.

You have inyited me to speak of Camp Meetings, of the one that, meets in this grove, and the name it bears. The idea is ancient, and all through the history of our race, a sense of duty has seemed to fill the hearts of men, impelling them to withdraw from the daily routine of care and labor, that they might have closer and uninterrupted commun- ion with God. It was the prayer of Moses and Aaron befere Pharaoh, that they might, for this purpose, journey into the wilderness. The Jewish feasts were such seasons of worship. Christ and the apostles gathered the multitudes by the way. It was not the purpose of John Wesley. the great founder of this denomination, to break away from the protection or usages of the Church of England, but he met sueh oppo: sition in his work of reform, that church doors were closed against him, and he was driven into the fields, where great masses met him ta listen to the word. The system of Camp Meetings, like the one which meets annually here, originated in this country. In 1799, two brothers travelling in Kentucky, began a meeting in a Presbyterian Church, to which the people from the surrounding country came in great numbers, It continued for days, the people encamping near by. So the Presby- terians held the first Camp Meeting in America. The Baptists have also held them; but it was reserved for the Methodists to adopt them generally.

* This Association was formed in 1859. The first meeting was held

5y9) in August of that year. Attendance on the first day, about 2,000, increased to 15,000 before it closed. Each succeeding year has been a success. Great good has been accomplished through the blessing of God, and this camp meeting is firmly established in the hearts of the people. The grounds are held by purchase and lease.

Francis Asbury, the name by which this Association is called, is that of the first superintendent and resident Bishop in this country, and is, to us, aname of blessed memory. He was born in the year 1745, in the parish of Handsworth, in Staffordshire, England. He was converted at fourteen years of age, and at twenty-one, he was travell- ing and preaching under the Wesleys. This was in 1766, the natal year ot Methodism in America. In Sept., 1771, he sailed for these shores, and landed in Philadelphia after a wearisome voyage of fifty days. He at once entered upon that peculiar labor that was followed by him through forty-five years to the end of his life —the life of a States- man, Evangelist and Bishop combined. He fotnd in America, only ten ministers and six hundred members of this church. At his death there were 211,000 members, and 3,000 ministers. His sermons in this coun- try are estimated at 16,500, or one for every day in all these years. His travels, on horseback entirely, throughout the whole length and breadth of the region inhabited by civilized men, in the States and Canadas, at 270,000 miles, or 6,000 per year. He presided at two hun- dred and twenty-five annual conferences, and ordained more than 4,000 preachers. These conferences must have required the consecutive time of four years. In 1784, the connection with England was severed, and Bishop Coke was sent over to ordain Asbury for the bishopric, and head of the church on this Continent. It will be impossible for us to bestow even a cursory glance at the subsequent work of this wonderful man; but whoever will read his life and study its connection with the church in this country, will say that he was the greatest christian or- ganizer in our history, and that he has wrought more deeply into the religious thought and feeling of the country than any other. He was constantly upon his travels. His name was a household word, and the children loved him. In the spring of 1816, in his 71st year, he is upon his great tour. He has come up through the Carolinas into Virginia. He is in Richmond, worn, weak and sick, but it is the Sabbath, and he must preach. Kind friends bear him in their arms into the church and seat him in the midst of the multitude that had thronged to hear him once more. His text was, ‘‘ For he will finish the work and cut it short in righteousness.” It was his last effort,and he died within a few days near Fredericksburg. His ashes rest in the city of Baltimore. His life was one of constant travel and toil. He had no home on the earth. His salary was sixty-four dollars per annum, from which, for years, he contributed to the support of an aged mother in England; but the result of his labor is a present membership of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States of 2,000,000, with an affilliated population of 8,000,000.

Mr. G. D. Phippen, gave an account of the floral collections made during the morning, which, owing to the great heat of the day, were quite small for this region.

Mr. Phippen concluded his remarks by reading a paper from Mr. SAMUEL H. WADLEIGH, of Georgetown, upon the Indian Pipe, Monotro- pa uniflora, which Mr. Wadleigh thought should not be regarded as a

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parasite, as it did not attach its root to the living parts of other plants, but merely located itself near their decayed roots and leaves. He also thought that this singular plant should be taken from the great order of Heaths (Hricaces), and be considered, perhaps, an order by itself.

Mr. F. W. Putnam, called attention to the various zodlogical spec- imens that had been collected, and explained the development of sev- eral kinds of Insects, and mentioned the species of Fishes and Reptiles found in the vicinity.

Dr. B. G. Wilder, of Boston, gave an interesting account of the manner in which spiders construct their webs, and gave the results of his experiments on the silk producing spider, Nephila plumipes, found on the Islands of South Carolina. :

Hon. Allen W. Dodge, of Hamilton, offered a few general remarks, called forth by the last speaker, and alluded to the subject of selecting the proper kind of shade trees for particular situations; the various improvements in the town of Hamilton; the manufacture of Peat, etc.

Hon. Samuel P. Benson, of Winthrop, Me., spoke in a humorous and instructive manner illustrative of the necessity of acquiring knowl- edge, and bid the Institute ‘‘ God speed” in-awakening a stronger taste for scientific attainments.

The chair spoke of the recent fire in Portland, regretting the great loss of property, more especially that which cannot be replaced, as records, collections, old relics and memorials. The following resolu- tion was then offered by Mr. J. A. Goldthwaite, and unanimously adopted.

Resolved : —'That the Essex Institute, learn, with deep regret, the great loss which the PorRTLAND Society of NaruraL History have sustained by the destruction of their building and collections during the great fire at Portland, on Wednesday, the 4th inst.

Voted : — That the Institute consider it their duty to extend a help- ing hand to their sister society in this great bereavement, and direct the Curators to offer to them a suite of the duplicates in the Library

and Collections of the Institute whenever they may be prepared to re- ceive contributions.

Mr. E. N. Walton offered the following resolution, which was adopted.

Resolved: — That the thanks of the Institute be presented to the Asbury Grove Camp Meeting Association, through Messrs. Almy, Magee, Noyes, Richardson and Waite, for their kindness in allowing us to hold a meeting in this grove to day; to Messrs. James W. Patch and Joseph F. Dodge for their attentions; to Messrs. James Bartlett, of Wenham, and Joseph Conant and Charles Tuck, of Hamilton, for their services as guides; and to other friends who have contributed to render the meeting so attractive and interesting.

The following persons were elected Resident Members : — Nathan P. Meldrum, of Beverly; James Bartlett, of Wenham; Warren Ordway,

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of Bradford; Moses Howe, Austin P. Nichols, and James Gale, of Ha- verhiil.

Monpay, JULY 16, 1866. Regular Meeting. Vice President GOODELL in the chair.

The following persons were elected Resident Members :— John Mullen and Thorndike D. Hodges, of Salem; Thomas Scott Abbott and Edwin Genn, of Beverly; William L. Weston and John H. Sears, of Danvers...

THURSDAY, AUGUST 2, 1866. Field Meeting at Manchester.

This meeting was very largely attended. The morning was spent as usual in rambles to the various interesting localities in the neigh- borhood. The botanists sought the woods, which here offer one of the finest resorts for their researches. Another party went to ‘“ Kettle Cove,” which presents much of Geological interest, and other parties to the ponds; but by far the larger number were attracted to the sea- shore, where ‘‘ Eagle Rock” and the several fine beaches offered great attractions. The ‘‘ Musical Sands,” which are situated on part of what is known as the ‘‘ Old Neck Beach,” were visited by many, and consid- erable interest was manifested in this rare and singular phenomenon.

Hugh Miller, in his ‘‘ Cruise of the Betsey; or, A Summer Ramble among the Hebrides,” p. 75, describes a phenomenon so similar to the one observed on the beach in Manchester, that we cannot give a better description of our ‘‘ Musical Sands” than copy the account of his.- ‘‘ I was turning aside this sand of the Oolite, so curiously reduced to its original state, and marking how nearly the recent shells that lay em- bedded in it resembled the extinct ones that had lain in it so long be- fore, when I became aware of a peculiar sound that it yielded to the - tread, as my companions paced over it. I struck it obliquely with my foot, where the surface lay dry and incoherent in the sun, and the ’ sound elicited was a shrill, sonorous note, somewhat resembling that produced by a waxed thread, when tightened between the teeth and the hand, and tipped by the nail of the forefinger. I walked over it, striking it obliquely at each step, and with every blow the shrill note was repeated. My companions joined me; and we performed a con- cert, in which, if we could boast of but little variety in the tones pro- duced, we might at least challenge all Europe for an instrument of the kind which produced them. It seemed less wonderful that there should be music in the granite of Memnon, than in the loose Oolitic sand of the Bay of Laig. As we marched over the drier tracts, an incessant woo, woo, woo, rose from the surface, that might be heard in the calm

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some twenty or thirty yards away; and we found that where a damp semi-coherent stratum lay at the depth of three or four inches beneath, and all was dry and incoherent above, the tones were loudest and sharp- est, and most easily evoked by the foot. Our discovery — for I trust I may regard it as such — adds a third locality to two previously known ones, in which what may be termed the musical sand—no unmeet counterpart to the ‘‘singing water” of the tale— has now been found. And as the island of Eigg is considerably more accessible than Jabel Nakous, in Arabia Petreea, or Reg-Rawan, in the neighborhood of Cabul, there must be facilities presented through the discovery which did not exist hitherto, for examining the phenomenon in acoustics which it exhibits,— a phenomenon, it may be added, which some of our great- est masters of the science have confessed their inability to explain.”

At one o’clock the party reassembled at the Chapel of the First Baptist Society, and, after the collation, adjourned to the Congregational Church, where the regular meeting was organized at two o’clock, with

Vice President GOODELL in the chair.

The meeting was opened by a voluntary on the organ and singing by the church choir.

After the reading of the records of the last meeting, letters were announced from the following : —

Henry @ Aligny, Houghton, Mich.; Dr. B. G. Wilder, Boston; Capt. A. Hyatt, New York; T. A. Cheney, Havana, N. Y.; New Orleans Acad- emy of Science (July 8); Horace Mann, Cambridge; Prof. H. C. Wood, jr., Philadelphia; C. J. Maynard, Newtonville; Rev. E. C. Bolles, Port- land; Rev. J. C. Fletcher, Newburyport (July 9); E. 8. Morse, Port: land, Me.; Surgeon Elliott Coues, U. S. A., Columbia, 8. C. (July 10) ; ’ A. M. Edwards, New York; John Bartlett (July 12); Dr. B. G. Wilder, Boston; T. A. Cheney, Watkins, N. Y. (July 13); John H. Thomson, New Bedford (July 14); Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College; Dr. B. G. Wilder, Boston (July 16); E.S. Morse, Portland, Me. (July 17); B. F. Molin, Indianapolis, Ind.; W. D. Hartman, Westchester, Pa. (July 18); Prof. E. J. Pickett, Rochester, N. Y.; T. P. Gentlee, Manchester (July 19); W. L. Weston, Danvers; Warren Ordway, Bradford (July 20); W. Wood & Co., New York; Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College (Ju- ly 22); Dr. 8S. C. Williams, Silver Springs, Pa.; Dr. A. 8S. Packard, Boston; Dr. B. G. Wilder, Boston; W. H. Dall, San Francisco, Cal. ; H. A. Cutting, Lunenburgh, Vt.; A. P. Nichols, Haverhill; Maine His- torical Society (July 23); Dr. B. G. Wilder, Boston; American Anti- quarian Society; Solomon Lincoln, Boston; Pennsylvania Historical Society (July 24); Dr. B. G. Wilder, Boston; S. L. Boardman, Augus- ta, Me.; W. W. Butterfield, Indianapolis, Ind.; J. P. Haskell, Mar- blehead; Corporation of Yale College (July 27); E.S. Morse, Portland, Me.; T’. P. Gentlee, Manchester (July 28); Prof. E. J. Pickett, Roch- ester, N. Y.; P. R. Uhler, Cambridge; State Historical Society of Iowa; F. S. Pease, Albany, N. Y. (July 30); Dr. B. G. Wilder, South Yar- mouth; Dr. S. A. Green, Boston; S. L. Boardman, Augusta, Me.; Mrs. P. A. Hanaford, Boston; Moses Howe, Haverhill; Franklin Haven, Bos- ton (Aug. 1).

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Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

The Superintendent read the following communication, by title: *‘Tist of Birds observed at Hanilton, Canada West, by Thomas Mcllwraith.” Referred to the Publication Committee.

The chair, after a few general remarks on the history and objects of the Institute, invited Vice President S. P. Fowler to report upon his observations in the woods of the vicinity.

Mr. Fowler gave a general account of the trees he had noticed in the woods, mentioning in particular several kinds of Oaks, Birches, Maples, American Mountain Ash, the celebrated Magnolia, and a Sas- safras tree that was seven and a half feet in circumference, and which he thought was the largest tree of this species in the state.

Mr. G. D. Phippen followed with an account of the plants on the table, calling special attention to the very beautiful Pond Lilies which had been collected in the pond at Kettle Cove, and which were remarka- ble for their rose tint.

Mr. F. W. Putnam gave a short account of the Dog-fish, large numbers of dead ones from which the livers had been taken having been found washed up on the beach. The Dog-fish has now become important with the fishermen on account of the oil which is obtained from their livers. At Cape Cod this fish is also used for fuel, after hav- ing been dried, and burns with great freedom, the whole fish being very oily. This species brings forth living young, one of which, taken from the mother, was exhibited at the meeting.

Mr. Alpheus Hyatt, of the Boston Society of Natural History, ex- hibited a number of fresh-water sponges which he had collected in Kettle Cove Pond, and described their compound structure, showing that they were composed of numerous minute single-celled animals or Monads. These Monads having, for such minute creatures, a remarka- bly complicated organization; being possessed of a pulsating vesicle, the analogue of the heart in man, and a portion of the body, which might be defined as a mouth. These facts had recently been discovered by Prof. H. J. Clark, of Cambridge, one of the most distinguished mi- croscopists in the country, who had by his recent researches thus proved beyond a doubt that the sponges are not plants but true animals, and that though among the lowest forms of the Animal Kingdom, they exhibit the tendency, which is observed in all animals, to develop a cephalic portion, or a head.

Mr. Hyatt also spoke of another discovery made by Prof. Clark, who had shown that the amoeba, a mere drop of sentient animal jelly, also possessed one portion of its jelly-like body which was peculiarly marked, and always preceded the rest of the body,—thus showing a tendency to Cephalization. y

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Mr. R. S. Rantoul alluded to the completion of, the Atlantic Tele- graph, and, after a few appropriate observations, offered the folowing preamble and resolutions :—

The past week has been marked by a scientific event, in the estab- lishment of Telegraphic Communication across the bed of the Atlantic Ocean, of such grand import, — so full of hope and encouragement, — so great a step in the onward and upward march of human destiny, laying civilization under new obligations to science,—that it cannot be suffered by the Institute to pass without a grateful recognition. Be it therefore

Resolved, That we recall with pride, to-day, that Franklin, who linked his name with the first practical researches into the nature of the electric fluid, demonstrating its magnetic qualities and its identity with lightning, was a native of Massachusetts; that Morse, the father of the present world-embracing system of communicating intelligence by the aid of that force, was a native of Massachusetts; and it was well that Field, another son of Massachusetts, should be so largely in- strumental in the success of that great enterprise which has at last interpreted, as with the finger of the lightnings, the mystery of Solo-

mon: ‘‘ For, which is most to be wondered at, the fire had more force .

in the water —it burneth even in the midst of water — for Thou hast made a way in the sea, and a safe path in the waves.”

Resolved, That the Essex Institute felicitates all those whose faith in Science, long and sorely tried but never wavering, has been reward- ed by this auspicious and seemingly satisfactory result.

The, Chairman, observing that several distinguished visitors, of national reputation, were present, expressed the hope that they would favor the meeting with some remarks on a subject of such commanding importance, having such a direct bearing upon international interests, and called upon Chief Justice Chase to respond.

The Chief Justice, after some humorous allusions to those who ac- companied him, mentioned that he was retained as counsel in one of the earliest Patent cases growing out of the invention of the Electric ‘Telegraph. At that-time he studied the subject very minutely, and he proceeded to give a brief and very interesting outline of the history of this science and its application as it occurred to his recollection. He closed with the remark that Divine Providence calls upon some men to prepare the way for progress in civilization, and that all great discov- eries follow the successive aggregation of several minds, each contrib- uting an essential link in the great chain of progress.

Maj. Gen. Butler was next introduced, and after some complimen- tary allusions to the Chief Justice, who, he said, had so exhausted the subject of the Telegraph that nothing remained for him to say, General Butler remarked that the wants of the future progress of civilization were worthy of a moment’s attention. The first was a speedier mode of transit, alluding to the attempts lately made for the navigation of the air, and it seems probable that where so many minds are employed on this pfoblem, some good results should be obtained, and that many

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of the difficulties were now surmounted in the machines already con- structed or in process of construction. He then spoke of a machine for registering the expressions of the human voice; forty wires were to be suspended before the speaker, each correspondent to one of the forty sounds of the voice, and attuned to different key-notes. Each different sound uttered would produce a vibration upon one of these wires, striking its ‘‘ fundamental note,” and would produce no effect upon the other wires. ‘The effect would be communicated by electricity to a machine for setting types, thus the remarks of a speaker would be transferred immediately from speech to type.

The hour having now arrived for adjournment in order to reach the return train seasonably, there was no time for further addresses,— a fact much regretted, as there were several eloquent gentlemen pres- ent who would have made remarks had time permitted.

The resolutions offered by Mr. Rantoul were seconded by Gen. H. K. Oliver, and unanimously adopted.

Mr. Charles Davis, of Beverly, offered the following, which was adopted :—

fesolved, That the thanks of the Essex Institute are due to the proprietors of the First Congregational Society, and the First Baptist Society, for the use of their house and vestry during the meeting this day; and also to Thomas P. Gentlee, John Price, John Lee, A. W. -Jew- ett, William Russ, Nehemiah Marshall, Walter Vi. Crafts, David Kim- ball, Nathan P. Meldrum, John Little, Thomas W. Slade, Claudius B.

Hoyt, and Abraham Goldsmith, for their assistance and attentions to the members and friends of the Institute present with us this day.

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THURSDAY, AUGUST 9, 1866. Adjourned Quarterly Meeting. Rev. G. D. Wiupus in the chair. The proposed amendment to the Constitution was read for the

second time. The Superintendent submitted the following amendment to the

By-Laws. Chapter III. DrparrTMEentTs. Paragraphs one and two to be so amended by the addition of the sections of Archwology, Protozoa, and

Microscopy, as to read as follows : —

The HisToRIcaL DEPARTMENT shall be divided into four sections: 1, Archeology ; 2, Ethnology; 3, Manuscripts ; 4, Fine Arts.

The NatruraLt History DEPARTMENT into eleven sections: 1, Geology; 2, Mineralogy; 3, Paleontology; 4, Botany; 5, Comparative Anatomy; 6, Vertebrata; 7, Articulata; 8, Mollusca; 9, Radiata; 10, Protozoa ; 11, Microscopy.

Dr. A. S. Packard, jr., was elected a Curator of <Articulata and

Radiata.

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Alpheus Hyatt was elected a Curator of Paleontology and Protozoa. George Peabody Russell was elected a Curator of Archeology. The following amendment to By-Laws was adopted : —

Any Corresponding Member, taking up his residence in the County, becomes a Resident Member.

Arthur M. Edwards, of New York, and Hiram A. Cutting, of Lu- nenburg, Vt., were elected Corresponding Members.

Monpay, AuGusT 18, 1866. Regular Meeting. ANDREW LACKEY, Esq., in the chair. Samuel L. Caldwell and Reuben A. Guild, of Providence, R. I.; George H. Clark, of Hartford, Ct,; Alvan Clark, of Cambridge; Brad- ford Kingman, of North Bridgewater; and William H. Dall, of San Francisco, were elected Corresponding Members.

Turspay, AUGUST 28, 1866. Field Meeting at Salisbury Beach.

By invitation of the Amesbury and Salisbury Horticultural Society, a meeting was held at Salisbury Beach this day. The weather was admirably suited for an excursion of this character, and nearly four hundred persons from Salem and vicinity attended the meeting, the number being increased to upwards of two thousand, by persons inter- ested from the northern portion of the county who arrived in vehicles of all description. Leaving the cars at the East Salisbury station, a walk or ride of from two to three miles brought the Salem party to the famous Salisbury Beach, which fronts the broad Atlantic, and af- fords a splendid drive-way of hard level road, for seven miles from the mouth of the Merrimac to Hampton River. The Beach is held by a Company of Commissioners, under a grant from the General Court made within ten years of the settlement of the country, and they leave suitable lots to parties who wish to build. There is now a Hotel and several houses, and the Beach Village is constantly increasing, and will eventually become a place of great celebrity, as the beach is hardly equalled along the whole coast in those qualities legitimately belonging to sea-side resorts.

After passing the forenoon in rambling about the beach and the woods in its vicinity, refreshments were partaken of in two private houses which were placed at the disposal of the Institute, the Beach people kindly providing a good chowder and other substantials.

At two o’clock the meeting was called to order in front of the res- idence of W. W. Huse, Esq., to whom the Institute are under obliga- tions for many kind attentions during the day.

63 Vice President FoOwLER in the chair.

After the reading of the records of the last meeting, letters were announced as received from : —

Capt. A. Hyatt, Boston Society of Nat. History (Aug. 6); Prof. D. S. Sheidon, Burlington, lowa; Dr. A. Kellogg, San Francisco, Cal. ; S$. L. Boardman, Augusta, Me.; A. C. Goodell, Jr., Salem (Aug. 8); Prof. J. D. Dana, Yale College; Matthews and Robinson, Boston; Capt. N. E. Atwood, Provincetown; John Best, Utica, N. Y.; T. A. Cheney, Watkins, N. Y.; W. A. Smith, Worcester; W. C. Binney, Amesbury; A. H. Bullock, Worcester; Corporation of Harvard College ; Trustees of Boston Public Library (Aug. 9); Prof. A. E. Verrill, Yale College; N. Vickary, Lynn (Aug. 10); J. H. Thomson, New Bedford (Aug. 11); C. A. Emery, Springfield; T. McIlwraith, Hamilton, C. W.; F. Poole, South Danvers (Aug. 13); Prof. D. S. Sheldon, Burlington, Iowa; Portland Society of Natural History (Aug. 14); H. A. Cutting, Lunenburg, Vt.; C. J. Maynard, Newtonville; Temple Prime, New York (Aug. 16) ; Dr. Wm. Sharswood, Philadelphia, Pa.; John G. Whittier, Amesbury (Aug. 20); Dr. E. W. Hubbard, Tottenville, N. Y.; kh. E. C. Stearns, San Francisco, Cal.; American Antiquarian Society (Aug. 23); Frank Stratton, Natick; E. T. Cox, New Harmony, Ind.; B. O. Peirce, Boston; Prof. H. C. Wood, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Edwin Bick- nell, Boston; Charles Nauman, Lancaster, Pa.; W. W. T. Butterfield, Indianapolis, Ind. (Aug. 24); J. H. Hichcox, Albany, N. Y.; Joseph Blake, Gilmanton, N. H.; Dr. James R. Nichols, Haverhill; W. C. Bin- ney, Amesbury (Aug. 27) ; John G. Whittier, Amesbury ; New Hamp- shire Historical Society (Aug. 28).

Donations to the Museum and Library were announced.

F. W. Putnam, of Salem, reported upon the result of the zodlogi- cal party. The collections were principally obtained during the walk from East Salisbury station to the Beach, and consisted of several insects, salamanders, &c. He then gave a brief outline of the natural history of the salamander, the mode of development, and the most prominent differences of this and the allied families of reptiles. Some oak galls, placed upon the table, suggested some appropriate and inter- esting remarks upon the species of insects that cause this peculiar growth. | G. D. Phippen spoke of the botanical collections, prominent among which were the Liatris scariosa, a beautiful flower, somewhat resem- bling, in its general appearance, a thistle, though not allied to that family.

Charles K. Stevens described the magnificent microscope which Mr. Huse kindly exhibited to the company.

W.C. Binney, Esq., of Amesbury, being called upon, expressed the gratification of the Amesbury and Salisbury Horticultural Society, in having this opportunity to welcome the Essex Institute and their friends to Salisbury Beach, and hoped that they would enjoy themselves and be amply compensated.

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Dr. G. B. Loring, of Salem, recalled some of the incidents in the early history of this town, alluding to a session of the General Court being held here, in order to settle the boundary question between Mas- sachusetts and New Hampshire; also to the famous ‘Essex Result” signed by a citizen of Salisbury in the Revolutionary times, ‘‘ Hon. Caleb Cushing,” a name that has been prominent in our annals to the pres- ent day. He then alluded to this Meeting on the shore of the ocean, and gave a very graphic account of the scenes witnessed by a drop of water during its passage from the head of the Missouri, down the Mississippi, through the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf Stream into the broad Atlantic, thence taken into the air by evaporation and borne along to the land, and then to perform another voyage of like charac- ter. ;

Dr. James R. Nichols, of Haverhill, gave a very interesting ac- count of the ‘‘Chemistry of the Sea,” stating that the excessive saline condition of the ocean is probably due to the existence of large bod- ies of salt in close proximity, or somewhere within reach of streams flowing into the ocean; and as chloride of sodium, or common salt, is one of the most abundant of all the soluble substances found on our earth, it consequently predominates in sea-water. But while it is the most abundant, and perhaps the most useful, it is by no means the only valuable substance carried into the sea. In quantity after salt come certain combinations of magnesia, next salts of lime, the carbonate held in solution by excess of carbonic acid, then small quantities of potash and oxide of iron, and, lastly, a trace of a most remarkable body, iodine. Dr. Nichols then gave an account of the manner in which iodine, soda, and potash are obtained from sea-plants, and showed how man was indebted to the Mollusks and the Polyps for lime and marble.

The remarks of Dr. Nichols were most instructive, and we call attention to his paper on this subject published in the Boston Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy, of November 1, 1866, where the matter is treated in detail.

Major Moses Eaton, jr., of South Hampton, N. H., welcomed the Institute, in behalf of the Corporation, of which he was the presiding officer, and tendered the hospitalities of the place.

W. 4H. B. Currier, Esq. of Salisbury, and editor of the ‘‘ Villager,” expressed a great interest in the Institute, and called attention to the importance of their meetings.

On motion of Mr. E. N. Walton the following vote was passed :—

Resolved, That the thanks of the Essex Institute be presented to the Officers and Members of the Amesbury and Salisbury Horticultural Society, and to W. C. Binney, Esq., Hon. Benjamin Evans, Wm. H. B. Currier, Esq., W. W. Hues, Esq., of Amesbury and Salisbury; to Major

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Moses Eaton, jr., of South Hampton, President of the East Salisbury Plank Road Corporation; and to other friends who have contributed to the interest of our meeting to-day.

The meeting then adjourned to meet at the rooms of the Institute the next day at noon.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29, 1866. Adjourned Meeting. H. F. Steparp, Esq., in the chair.

Seabury F. Rogers and William Pousland, of Salem, were elected Resident Members.

Fripay, SEPTEMBER 14, 1866. Field-Meeting at Gloucester.

The Field Meeting, so often prevented by unpropitious weather. was held at Gloucester this day. The attendance was quite large, about tive hundred persons arriving by the cars, and many more by private conveyances. The morming was occupied in excursions in the pastures, woods, and on the sea-shore, in search of specimens; or in visits to various historical memorials. At noon a large party assem- dled at the Town Hall and partook of refreshments; the citizens kindly providing hot coffee, tea, and other luxuries.

The afternoon meeting was held at the Independent Christian Church, and was called to order soon after two o'clock.

~ Vice President GOODELL in the chair.

The reading of the records of the last meeting were omitted, and the Donations to the Library and Museum were announced.

Letters were announced from —

G. W. Peck, New York, N. Y.; Justin Hinds, Salem; Massachu- setts Historical Society; Maine Historical Society ; Iowa State Histor- ical Society (Aug. 29); Dr. B. Pickman, Rye, N. H.; Dr. A. 8. Pack- ard, Brunswick, Me.; T. Apoleon Cheney, Watkins, N. Y.; C. A. Beckford, Gloucester; G. Peabody Russell, Salem (Aug. 31); W. F. Goodwin; New Hampshire Historical Society; Nantucket Athenzeum (Sept. 1); Moses Strong, New Haven, Ct.; John Janes, Salem; Hor- uce Mann, Cambridge; Capt. N. E. Atwood, Provincetown (Sept. 4) ; Kdwin Bicknel, Boston (Sept. 5); E. S. Morse, Portland, Me.; FE. Suffert,-Havana, Cuba; A. B. Ashby, Newburyport; W. W. V. Rosa, Watertown, N. Y. (Sept. 6); Prof. J. Zingley, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa.; C. A. Beckford, Gloucester (Sept. 8); Horace Mann, Cambridge; Prof. H. Allen, University of Pennsylvania; J. E. Chase, Holyoke; A. M. Edwards, New York, N. Y.; George F. Calef, York Institute, Saco, Me. (Sept. 9); Prof. S. F. Baird, Wood’s Hole; The Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia; F. Haven, jr., Beverly Farms (Sept. 12); W. J. Beal, Union Springs, N. Y.; Capt. N. E. Atwood, Boston (Sept. 13).

The chair made a few remarks concerning the early settlement of

PROCEEDINGS ESSEX INST., VOL. V. 9 MAY, 1867.

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Cape Ann, and exhibited the original charter of the Colonists. This charter or original indenture was made the first day of January, 1623, between Lord Sheffield on the one part, and Robert Cushman and Ed- ward Winslow, theniselves and associates, on the other part, assign- ing land at Cape Ann for a fishing colony. J. Wingate Thornton, Esq., of Boston, who presented this valuable parchment document to the Institute some two or three years since, has ably shown in his work entitled ‘“‘The Landing at Cape Ann,” that Massachusetts begins her history not at Salem, nor under the patronage of the organization which obtained the charter of March, 1627-8, but in the spring of the year 1624, at Cape Ann, where the colony was established under the authority. of this, her first charter,—and that Roger Conant, the leader of this settlement, was the first Governor.

Mr. Goodell also read a letter from Mr. Thornton, in which he says :—

“The labor of RoGER CONANY was, in its time, obscure, so is that of the architect; yet, if the latter be memorable in the grandeur of the Cathedral, should not the glory of this living temple, the Com- monwealth, awaken veneration for Conant, who ‘conceiving in his mind’ the grand thought of a colony ‘on account of religion,’ and ‘willing to begin’ would ‘not desert’ it in the day of extremity, but as leader of the forlorn hope ‘waited the Providence of God,’ and suc- cecded as we now testify! What higher conception, what nobler ori- gin, could we wish for our Commonwealth? And shall not truth and gratitude cherish the memory of him whose generous mind ‘con- ceived,’ and whose mighty Christian faith effectually opened the way for succeeding generations? Tracing back the historical links of the Commonwealth we find the first in the hands of Roger Conant... If the record be at all faded by time, it is our grateful duty to renew it.”

Hon. John J. Babson, of Gloucester, was called on and made some interesting remarks concerning the history of the town. He thought it remarkable that over one hundred and twenty years should have _ elapsed after the discovery of America before any prominent point from Monhegan to Cape Cod should be discovered. It was one hun- dred and ten years after the voyage of Columbus before Cape Cod was discovered, and twelve years afterwards, Capt. John Smith, with eight men, coasting along the coast, discovered Cape Ann, and named it after a Turkish damsel who befriended him in his distress, Tragabig- zanda. It seems strange that twelve years should have elapsed after Plymouth was discovered before they should have known anything of this excellent harbor just across the bay. It is not wonderful at that season, that they should have found Plymouth, but had they coasted around the bay at all, and discovered this harbor, so much better for all their purposes, they would have settled here. I do not doubt that the original settlement of the cape was the result of an accident. The

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fishing company who were at first sent here for fishing only, after- wards combined fishing and agriculture. Two ships were sent; one put back, the other arrived at Monhegan. From there they came here, into our harbor undoubtedly ; boats were sent out to our present fish- ing grounds, and secured a fare, when the ship went to Bilboa. She left here seven men, on Stage Fort, and these men were increased the next year by some ten or fifteen more. Cushman and Winslow, of the Plymouth colony went to England, secured a charter for this prov- ince, chartered a ship and came over to this locality. Whether the two companies united or not we cannot tell,—and it is not certain how this charter was regarded by either of the colonies.

The later history of the town is not important. There iS every reason to believe that Gloucester was first settled by farmers. Salem was the first fishing town, afterwards followed by Marblehead, and subsequently Gloucester became a fishing mart, and now leads the world.

The people of the town suffered greatly during the revolutionary war. They depended on what they could draw from the water, which was entirely cut off, and they could not raise enough from the land to subsist the people, consequently many of the people were supported by charity.

Gen. H. K. Oliver, of Salem, inquired why the town was called Gloucester, saying that *‘cester” means camp, but he had not heard what ‘‘Glou” signified.

Mr. Babson answered, that from the best information received the the town was named after the city of Gloucester, in England, from which place some of our early settlers came. Mr. Babson drew a par- allel between the city of Gloucester, situated in the beautiful valley of the Severn, and our rock-bound coast. In regard to the etymology of the word he thought it was derived from the Welch word ‘ Gleaw,’ the name of a chieftain, and the Latin word ‘costra,’ camp or fortification.

Mr. Goodell made some remarks concerning the origin of the name of Salisbury.

Mr. R. S. Rantoul read an interesting paper on Codfish in Massa- chusetts history, which was referred to the Publication Committee. (Printed in the Historical Collections, Vol. viii.)

Mr. F. W. Putnam spoke of the Codfish anatomically considered, and explained how it differed from the Mackerel, Cunner, and other fishes which he exhibited.

Capt. N. E. Atwood, of Provincetown, was introduced, and spoke of the different names and habits of fish. Many fishes of no marketa- ble value are known by different names at various places.

We find the codfish extending over a larger geographical range

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than many other species. In Europe every part of this fish is used: the sounds to make glue; the bones pounded up and fed to cattle.

On our coast the codfish differ in size; probably from their differ- ent ages. They are not a migratory fish, like mackerel, but are some- where on our coast every mouth in the year. At Cape Cod we find them in shoal water, following the bait; as the weather gets warmer, we find them in deeper water. Before trawl-fishing was introduced into Massachusetts waters we caught but few haddock; we didn’t suppose they were there, but when we used the trawl, we caught nearly all haddock. In dressing the fish we found mud and shells in the haddock, but none in the stomach of the cod. showing that the had- dock lives nearer the bottom than the cod. The practice of trawling has not tended to decrease the supply of haddock, as was feared. The codfish lives to a considerable age. and the supply is almost inex- haustible.

Capt. Atwood also gave an interesting account of the habits of the mackerel. The earliest large mackerel are the spawning fish, and these will not bite until after they have deposited their spawn; they are often caught in nets, but will not take the hook. Later in the season other mackerel come in and take more readily to the hook. Mackerel grow to maturity in three or four years. The difference in the cull of mackerel denotes a year’s growth. No two men acquaint- ed with the matter would disagree on the cull of mackerel, the line of demarkation is so well defined.

The captain gave some interesting reminiscences of his experi- ences in taking mackerel, and a variety of information concerning the habits of this fish. In reply to an inquiry, he said that mackerel in- habited all depths of water.

Mr. Alpheus Hyatt gave an account of his morning researches among the piles under the wharves of the harbor; exhibiting portions of bark taken from the piles which were covered with the young, or hydroid state of Jelly-fishes, and described the development of these singular animals.

Mr. Edward S. Morse explained the structure of some fine Barna- cles which had been collected in the harbor.

Rey. J. C. Fletcher, the celebrated Brazilian traveller, related sev- eral interesting incidents of his experience in foreign lands, showing how Essex County people are scattered over all the world, and attrib- uted the Imperial reception of Agassiz in Brazil to the impression first made upon the mind of the Emperor by the discovery, by one of Agas- siz’s pupils from Essex county, of the singular habit of a Brazilian fish, belonging to the family of Chromids, which carries its eggs in the mouth until they are hatched.

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Mr. C. M. Tracy gave some account of the red granite of Glou- cester, and his remarks concluded the scientific discussions, at one of the largest and most interesting Field Meetings ever holden under the auspices of the Institute.

There were many gentlemen present at the meeting whom the audience would have gladly listened to had there been time; among them were John H. Shepard, Librarian New England Historic-Gene- alogical Society; Rev. J. L. Sibley, Librarian of Harvard University ; Joe! Munsell, Annalist of Albany; John Johnson, President of the York Institute, Saco, Me., and Richard Frothingham, the historian of Charlestown.

On motion of Gen. H. K. Oliver it was unanimously —

Voted, — That the thanks of the Institute be given to Messrs. John J. Babson and Charles A. Beckford, of Gloucester, for the very useful and acceptable facilities afforded us in the general objects of our meeting; to Charles E. Glover, Esq., Town Clerk of Gloucester, for allowing us the use of the Town Hall for our collation; and to the Proprietors .of the Church for the use thereof for the meeting of the Society.

The meeting adjourned to Sept. 15, at the rooms of the Institute.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1866. Adjourned Meeting. H. F. Kine, Esq., in the chair. Joseph Conant, of Hamilton, and Charles A. Estes, of Salem, were elected Resident Members.

Monpay, SEPTEMBER 17, 1866. Regular Meeting. Judge WarTrErs in the chair.

W.C. Binney, of Amesbury, and Jackson H. Sweet, of Haverhill, were elected Resident Members.

The Secretary announced the decease of our Corresponding Mem ber, Dr. Gould, of Boston, and introduced the following resolutions. which were unanimously adopted.

The Essex Institute have learned with deep regret the sudden de- cease of a corresponding member, AUGUSTUS ADDISON GOULD, of Boston, whose life, apart from the active duties of his profession, has been mainly devoted to scientific research, and whose genius, indus- try, and patience have won for him an honored name among the most eminent Naturalists. Therefore —

Resolved, — That the members of the Essex Institute deeply de- plore the loss of one whose career of life has been rendered brilliant by his many and valuable contributions to science, and whose vast at- tainments have placed him at the head of his chosen profession in this state, and whose genial and kindly disposition, and constancy of friendship have endeared him to a large circle of associates and friends.

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- Kesolved, — That the Secretary be requested to transmit an authen- ticated copy of these resolves to the family of the deceased, and te tender to them our sympathy and condolence in their bereavement.

Additions to the Museum and Library during July, August, and September, 1866. TO THE NATURAL HISTORY DEPARTMENT. By Donation.

Bascock, A. L., Sherborn. Skeleton of an Anteater, from Suri- nam.

Baucu, D. M., Salem. King Bird and a young Bittern, from Sa- lem.

BARTLETT, JOHN, Haverhill. Collection of Shells, from the Mer- timac River, and Ponds about Haverhill.

Brown, Carr. Francis, Salem. Chimney Swallow, from Salem.

Cotcorp, Mrs. H. M., South Danvers. Two Birds, from South Danvers.

CoLums, CHarLes H., Salem. Specimens of Prionotus and Syn- gnathus, from Salem Harbor.

Cooxr, C., Salem, Intestinal Worms, from Seats and Porpoise. Parasites, from the gills of a Sturgeon. Collection of Beetles, from Manchester.

Crossy, Mrs. A., Salem. Nest of the Blue Yellow-backed War- bler, from West Bridgewater.

Doaerrr, Mrs. K. M., Chicago, fll. +44 species of named Plants, from the vicinity of Chicago.

DOWBRIDGE, ANDREW, Jr.. Salem. A large Eel, weighing seven pounds, and measuring four feet in length, from Cowler’s Hole, Salem.

EMERTON, J. H., Salem. Lichens, from Hamilton. Collection of Insects, from vicinity of Salem. Collection of Insects, from the White Mountains. }

FreLr, S. Q., Salem. Fungus, from Salem.

GOLDSMITH, Capr. JOHN, Salem. Nuts, from the West Coast of Africa. ‘

Hersrty, Carr. Brens., Salem. Claws of a very large Lobster, taken in Salem Harbor.

Hiii, B. D., Jr. Fossils, from the Oil Region of Canada East.

Horcnktss, Miss Susan V., New Haven, Ct. Astacus, from Lake Regis, N. Y.

Hyarr, ALpHEUS, Salem. Collection of Bryozoa and Hydroids, from Gloucester. Collection of several species of Polyzoa, from We- nuchus Lake, Lynn.

al

KaMBALL, ELBRIDGE, Wenham. Specimen of a species of Mygale, from Wenham.

KomBayi, Miss Mary, Salem. A large Beetle, from Roanoke Isl- and.

lone, Capt. H. F., Salem. Specimen Nest of a Mud Wasp, from Salem.

Kine, Miss H. M., Salem. Specimen of a Moth, from Salem.

KonGsMAN, Natw’L, and GsGoop, Capt. CHARLES, Salem. Male and Female Seals, from Ipswich River, Mass.

Lrg, R. G., Salem. A Sea Worm, from the Atlantic Ocean.

McCarrrery, Wm. H., Saratoga, N. Y. Specimen of the Rock formed at High Rock Spring, and containing recent animals and plants in a fossil condition.

ORNE, ALFRED, and others, ef Salem. A large Sturgeon, taken at New Mills, Danvers.

PEABODY, ALFRED S8., Salem. A valuable collection of Skins of Birds and Mammals; Reptiles in alcohol; dried Plants, Shells, and other specimens, from about Cape Town, Africa.

Pernins, T. L., Salem. Embryos of the Dog-fish and a collection of Insects, from Rockport.

Pureren, Mrs. M. C., Salem. A collection of Insects, Shells, Co- ral, and other specimens, from Africa.

PickMANn, H. D., Salem. Skin of a Loon, from Richardson Lake, Me.

Poor, ALFRED, Salem. 33 specimens of 2 species of Wood-boring Beetles.

PorTER, FREDERIC, Salem. A fine specimen of the Dodder, from Salem.

Porrer, DANIEL, Salem. Specimen of the Little Brown Bat, from Salem.

PULSIFER, CHARLES, Salem. Specimen of Prionotus, from Salem Harbor.

Putnam, Mrs. EBEN, Salem. Mineral, from Chili.

Putnam, F. W., Salem. Collection of Essex County Crustaceans and Insects. :

Putnam, Mrs. W. H. A., Salem. 13 species, 41 specimens of Shells, from Caldera, Chili.

Scott, A. D., Salem. Specimen of Sphinx sp., from Salem.

SEARS, JOHN H., Danvers. A collection of the Nest and Eggs of several species of Essex County Birds. Several rare Insects, from Danvers.

SHELDON, Pror. D. S., Davenport, Iowa. A large and very valua- ble collection of named Shells and Plants, principally from the West-

72

ern States and the Rocky Mountains, and a collection of Austrian Plants.

SmirH, F. A., Salem. Specimen of a Wantis, from Texas.

SYMONDS, SamMvurL, Salem. A very large Fungus, from North Salem.

TOWNE, CHARLES, Salem. Head of a Pufting Pig, taken off Swamp- scott.

Trask, Amos, Danvers. Nest of a Chimney Swift, from Danvers.

Turritn, Mrs. F. W., Salem. Specimen of Coral, from the Sand- wich Islands.

Urron, Carr. JOSEPH, Salem. <A valuable collection of Reptiles, Insects, Crustaceans, and Mollusks, from Sierra Leone, West Coast of Africa, and from the West Indies. Sponge, from Beverly Harbor.

WEAVER, COMMANDER A. W., U.S. Navy. 2 Living Goats, from the West Coast of Africa. ;

WEBB, BENJ., Jk., Salem. Specimen of the Brown Bat, from Salem.

West, Wu. 8S., Salem. A collection of Insects, from Salem.

WHEATLAND, Dr. H., Salem. Parasites, from the gills of a Cod.

Witiiams, H. L., Salem. <A large Eel, from Cowler’s Hole, Salem. Specimen of Talc, from Canada.

WYMAN, Humpurey, Canada East. Fossils, from the Silurian of Canada West.

YALE COLLEGE, CABINE? OF, IWew Haven, Ct. <A collection of Kichinoderms, Star-fishes, Ophiurians, Corals, and Mollusks, from the West Indies and Panama. °

TO THE HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT. By DONATION.

ABBorr, JOHN, Beverly. Leaves from the Charter Oak.

ALLANSON, Lr. J. S., Marblehead. Several Relics of the late war.

CARPENTER, J. S., Salem. #700 of Confederate Notes. .

CONGDON, Miss Eunice, New Bedford. Revolutionary Relies, and Relics of the late war, from Virginia. °

Drens_ow, W. W., New York. Revolutionary Relics, from Wash- ington Heights.

Foorr, Cates, Salem. $10 Confederate Note.

Foorr, Rev. H. W., Boston. 138 Plaster Medallions; Seeds and Leaves, from various Historical places.

FRANT, FRANKLIN, Salem. Relics of the late war.

GOLDTHWAITE, J. A., Salem. <A collection of North Carolina Pa- per Currency.

Loverr, EpmuNps, Beverly. 3 Native Swords, from the West: Coast of Africa.

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PirMan, Capr. ——, Salem. A Palmetto Flag.

SHORT, JOSEPH, Salem. Relics fromthe Battlefield of Gettysburg.

TENNEY, GORHAM D., Georgetown. Indian Arrow-head, from Georgetown.

WEBB, BENJAMIN, JR., Salem. Chinese Toy.

WILLIAMS, W. A., Salem. <A number of Indian Implements, found in an Indian Grave on Winter Island, Salem.

TO THE LIBRARY. ‘ By DONATION.

ALLEY, JOHN B. Report of Committee on Reconstruction, 1 vol. 8vo. Coast Survey Charts, 31, 32, 33. Monthly Report of Department of Agriculture for June, 1866. United States Eighth Census, 1860 (Man- ufactures), 1 vol. 4to. United States Eighth Census, 1860 (Agricul- ture), 1 vol. 4to. Congressional Globe, First Session Thirty-eighth Congress, 1863-64, 4 vols. 4to. Congressional Globe, Second Session Thirty-eighth Congress, 1864-65, 2 vols. 4to.

ARCHER, Mrs. Frpenia W. 6638 Pamphlets, 266 Serials, 446 bound volumes, as follows: — Peirce’s History of Harvard University, 8vo, Cambridge, 1833. Hodge’s History of Presbyterian Church, 2 vols. 8vo, Philadelphia, 1839. Hall’s Account of a Voyage of Discov- ery West Coast of Corea, S8vo, Philadelphia, 1818. Burgh’s Dignity of Human Nature, 8vo, New York, 1812. Bradley’s Sermons, 8vo, Philadelphia, 1822. .Upham’s Jahn’s Biblical Archeology, 8vo, An- dover, 1823. Saurin’s Sermons (Robinson), 5 vols. 8vo, London, 1796. Fleetwood’s Life of Christ, 2 vols. 8vo, Carlisle, 1792. Mack- night’s Apostolical Epistles, 6 vols. 8vo, Boston, 1810. Webster’s Discourse at Plym uth, Dec. 22, 1820, Svo, Boston, 1825. West’s Essay on Moral Agency, 8vo, Salem, 1794. Thoughts on Domestic Education, 8vo, Boston, 1829. Missionary Herald and Panoplist, bound in 41 vols. National Preacher, bound in 12 vols. 8vo. Congrega- tional Quarterly, from 1859 to 1866, 27 numbers. Theological Review, 1834 to 1839, 6 vols. 8vo, New York. Assembly’s Magazine, 2 vols. 8vo, Philadelphia, 1806. Evangelical Intelligencer, 3 vols. 8vo, Phila- delphia, 1807. Christian’s Magazine, 2 vols., New York, 1806. Rail Road Returns of Massachusetts, 1864, 1865, 2 vols. 8vo, Boston. Mas- sachusetts Board of Education, 25th and 28th Annual Report, 2 vols. 8vo, Boston. Journal of Valuation Committee of Massachusetts, 1860, 8vo, Boston. Insane and Idiots of Massachusetts, 1854, 8vo, Boston. Journal of Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1865, Svo, Boston. Agriculture of Massachusetts, 1865-66, 8vo, Boston. Compendium of U. S. Census, 1850, 8vo, Washington. Abstract of Seventh Census of U. S., 8vo, Washington. Pope’s Poetical Works (Warburton’s Notes),

PROCEEDINGS ESSEX INST., VOL. Vv. _—10 MAY, 1867.

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8 vols. 12mo, Philadelphia, 1819. Richmond’s Domestic Portraiture, 12mo, New York, 1833. Constitution of U. 8. of America (Jefferson’s Manual), 16mo, Washington, 1828. Memoir of Rev. W. Tennant, 18mo, Springfield, 1822. Life of Rev. Richard Baxter, 16mo, New York. Knapp’s Lukas, 16mo, Bombay, 1848. Porter’s Puritans and Jesuits, i2mo, New York, 1851. MRussell’s Lessons in Enunciation, 16mo, Bos- ton, 1830. Flavel’s Keeping the Heart, 16mo, Boston, 1813. Princi- ples of Politeness, 16mo, Dover, 1814. The Pastor at the Sick-bed, 12mo, Philadelphia, 1836. Biblia Sagrada, 12mo, New York, 1848. Bailey’s Ovid, 8vo, London, 1756. Bigland’s Letters on Ancient and Modern History, 8vo, Philadelphia, 1806. Life of Cotton Mather (title- page wanting) 8vo. Collections ofthe Am. Statistical Association, vol. 1, 8vo, Boston, 1847. Memoir of Rev. Samuel Pearce, 16mo, New York. Cowper’s Poems (Imp.). Barnes’s Inquiry into the Scripture View of Slavery, 12mo, Philadelphia, 1846. Adams’s Truth of Religion, 12mo, Boston, 1804. Paley’s Natural Theology, 16mo, New York, 1820. Newman’s Rhetoric, 12mo, Portland, 1827. Krummacher’s Cornelius the Centurion, 12mo, New York, 1841. Gisborne’s Poems — Sacred and Moral, 12mo, London, 1813. Valley of the Mississippi, 12mo, Philadelphia, 1834. James’s Christian Charity, 12mo, New York, 1829. Owen’s Forgiveness of Sin, 12mo, New York. Nott’s Miscellaneous Works, 8vo, Schenectady, 1810. ‘Chalmers’s Sermons, 8vo, New York, 1819. Chalmers’s Discourses on the Christian Revelations, 8vo, Ando- ver, 1818. Butterworth’s Concordance to the Holy Scriptures, 8vo, Boston, 1828. Abbott’s Young Christian, New York. Quarterly Regis- ter, 8 vols. 8vo. Pamphlets, bound, 18 vols. 8vo. Orations, Sermons, etc., 22 vols. 8vo. Plymouth Collection of Hymns, 8vo, New York, 1855. Church Music, 12mo, Rochester, 1855. Watts’s Psalms of David, 12mo, Boston, 1808. Hedge and Huntington’s Hymns for the Church of Christ, 12mo, Boston, 1859. Church Psalnody, 16mo, Boston, 1831. Methodist Hymns, 16mo, New York, 1856. Psalms and Hymns, 16mo, Boston, 1845. Allen’s Psalms and Hymns, 12mo, Boston, 1835. Wor-