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BULLETINS

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PALEONTOLOGY

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VOL. XXVII

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Bulletin No. 101.

102.

108.

104,

105.

106.

107.

108.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXVIII

New Mollusca from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California—II By S. Stillman Berry

Cephalopods from the Seward pohinente of ieee By Rousseau H. Flower

An arctic cephalopod faunule from the Vea of Kentucky By Rousseau H. Flower ;

Type fossil Cyprzidze of North America By William Marcus Ingram _

Cephalopods from the Clinton group of New York By Rousseau H. Flower mae et Ss I Tertiary and Quaternary fossils “rom the Burica Peninsula of Panama and Costa Rica By Axel A. Olsson

A median dorsal plate of eats ae the Tne Devonian of New York By John W. Wells -

The Rio Cachiri section in the Sierra de Periia, Venezuela By Ralph A. Liddle, Gilbert D. Harris and John W. Wells - aie Index S2se0 Ser ee ; RUE 2 Ae one NUL

Plates

14-25

Pages

41- 90

91-122

123-152

153-258

269-368 369

BULLETINS

AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY

ye ae nf Compa Ko Zoology LN

fk a \ ' OCT 18 1944

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VOL. XXVII

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NUMBER IOI

I94l

PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION

ItHaca, New York

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BULLETINS OF

AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY

Vol. a7

No. 102

NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PLEISTOCENE

OF SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA—II By

S. Stillman Berry

October 7, rog1

PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION

ItHaca, New York

ls iS ZA

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NE We MOLEUSCA FROM THE PLEISTOCENE OF SAN PEDRO, CALIFORNIA—II

By

S. STILLMAN BERRY Redlands, California

This is the second (the first appeared as No. 94A of these Bul- letins, Berry, 1940) of the preliminary papers incident to my study of certain Pleistocene biotas of the San Pedro district in southern California. Diagnoses of seven more species and one sub- species of mollusks from Hilltop Quarry, believed hitherto unde- scribed, are here advanced for the consideration and criticism of other students. All are gastropods, five being members of the family Turride, which contributes many species and genera to this fauna and comprises one of its more important and interest- ing constituent groups. The generic position of most of these can only be taken as in a high degree provisional, pending the time when some careful student will undertake far more extensive investigations of the living animals as well as the shells of this family than are now anywhere available to us. Until this is done even the most careful analysis of turrid genera and subgenera can be little more than tentative, while some forms now placed there may well prove not to belong to the family at all.

I am deeply indebted to my friend, Mr. Tom Craig, of Los Angeles, for his kindness in supplying the drawings used in the accompanying plate, wherein six of the species described are, we hope, recognizably figured. Illustrations of the two remain- ing species must unfortunately await a subsequent occasion.

Actzon (Microglyphis) schencki, new species

Diagnosis —Shell small, somewhat barrel-shaped, with a rap- idly tapering conoid spire; whorls about 5 ; apex smooth, polished, rounded; later whorls convex, somewhat flattened on the sides, ornamented by fine growth striations and numerous fine, fairly sharp, not very regularly spaced, incised, spiral lines, of which

4 BULLETIN 101 4

about 20 can be counted from suture to suture on the penulti- mate whorl; suture distinct, appressed, but deepening to an ulti- mately strong shouldering of the whorl in many of the fossils through the peculiar susceptibility to decortication of this part of the shell. Aperture broadly auriform; outer lip simple, sharp; inner lip covered by a well-developed callus continuing past the pillar to cover the umbilical region; columella in general per- pendicular, but weakly biarcuate in a greater or less degree and twisted in front to form a moderately strong fold bordering the canal, with varying traces of a small secondary fold just poster- ior to this; canal very short, open, truncate, hardly recurved.

Measurements of holotype.—Alt., 4.9; diam., 3.2; alt. aperture, 3.2 mm.

Holotype.—Cat. No. 10,409, Berry Collection.

Paratypes.—Cat. No. 10,410, Berry Collection; others to be deposited in the collections of the Paleontological Research In- stitution, Stanford University, and the United States National Museum.

Type locality—Lower Pleistocene—‘“Hilltop Quarry” (the fine-grained upper beds), San Pedro, California; S. S. Berry, 1935-36.

Remarks.—The Microglyphis group of Act@on is poorly rep- resented in Recent collections, but is not at all rare in the soft, fine-grained upper layers of Hilltop Quarry. In the somewhat extended series of shells referable to this subgenus now before me, in addition to the species just described, I strongly suspect the presence of a second species of possibly greater frequency, char- acterized by a sparser spiral striation, strong duplex fold of the pillar, and a narrow, more strongly curved canal; but decortica- tion of the shells is so prevalent that only a few of the specimens are in first-class condition, and it is difficult to be sure how many of these apparent characters are really critical without a better knowledge of their normal range of variation. I, hope a little later to supply figures of both forms, but shall not attempt for- mally to name the second without a more prolonged study.

Two species from the living fauna alone require comparison with the fossils. A. (M.) estuarinus Dall (1908a:238) from 92 fathoms, off Estero Bay, California, is materially larger (5 5x3.7 mm.) than schencki, and apparently possesses a relatively lower

5 PLEISTOCENE MoLuLusca oF CAuLir.: BERRY 5

spire (“spire above the last whorl 1.0 mm.”). It seems not to have been figured. A. (M.) breviculus Dall (1902, p. 512; 1908a, Pp. 237,238, pl. 15, fig. 12) from 48-53 fathoms, off Santa Rosa Id., California, is a thinner-shelled yet stubbier species, with a more cylindric body whorl and a lower spire than schencki, and only about half as many spiral striz,

It is a pleasure to associate with this very interesting species the name of an unfailingly interested and helpful friend, Dr. Hubert G. Schenck of the Department of Palzontology of Stan- ford University.

Oenopota turrispira, new species Plate 1, fig. 1

Diagnosis.—Shell small, solid, fusiform, high-spired, with about 8 high-shouldered, narrowly sloping tabulate whorls, which are almost straight below the shoulder but tend to overhang the deep- ly cut suture. Embryonic shell mammillate, the first turn, or a little more, smooth, with rounded whorls, which shortly become subcarinate and then almost at once develop two strong spiral cords, the uppermore of which is on the shoulder, while the lower appears to arise from the peripheral angle, although the suggested homology is soon obscured by the flattening of the whorls; cross- ing the spirals and forming strong squarish depressions with and between them are fine axial threads running across the shoulder and thence down the outer slope to the lower suture, which short- ly develop into about 12 massive ribs (strongly retractive on the shoulder and weakening and narrowing into the suture above) which increase to about 18 on the body whorl, with interspaces somewhat narrower than the ribs, and become obsolescent on the base of the shell approaching the canal; the two spiral threads previously mentioned after about two turns rather abruptly in- crease to four and eventually to five intersuturally, and a total of perhaps 15 on the body whorl, where those nearest the canal. become indistinct and difficult to count accurately, while in form they are strongly flattened, with the rather sharply cut grooves between them hardly half as wide. Underlying the major sculp- ture is a very fine minor sculpture of microscopic axial threads and spiral lines visible only under high magnification. Aperture subperipheral, narrowed, distinctly less than half as long as the shell; canal rapidly narrowing, moderately long; columella weak- ly arcuate, flattened, and bounded outwardly by a distinct furrow.

6 BULLETIN 101 6

Measurements of holotype.—Alt., 13.6; diam., 5.5; alt. aperture, 6.1 mm.

Holotype.—Cat. No. 10,400, Berry Collection.

Paratypes.—Cat. No. 10,401, Berry Collection.

Type locality—Lower Pleistocene—‘Hilltop Quarry” (a shelly pocket in the fine-grained upper beds), San Pedro, Cali- fornia; I nearly perfect shell and 2 broken spires, S. S. Berry and ees (Chace; 1926:

Remarks.——This species is large for an CG2nopota and peculiar- ly high-spired, but exhibits obvious similarities to the Recent fidi- cula (Gould, 1849, p. 141) described from Puget Sound, and a nearly allied form has in fact already been reported under that name from a higher level in the San Pedro Pleistocene. It dif- fers distinctly from fidicula, however, in the relatively shorter aperture, narrower form, produced spire, less numerous and strongly flattened spiral threads, and wide shoulder spiral.

Grant and Gale (1931, p. 514) offer a very elaborate synonym- ization of the forms of this group, and fidicula is one of the sub- merged species, but until there has been offered a much more convincing assembling of evidence for so extreme a view, I find myself little tempted to follow them. On the contrary it appears to me quite as likely from present data that a thoroughgoing analysis will reveal the number of distinct species in this group to be appreciably larger than is now recognized as that it will justify so sweeping a recombination. Meanwhile it is surely wise to move slowly. Even in the works of Sars, who figures the North Atlantic forms of Ginopota in wide variety, I have been successful in finding no variant which appears even closely com- parable to the present form.

The specific name is derived from the L. turris, tower, + spira, spire.

Moniliopsis chacei, new species Plate 1, fig. 2

Diagnosis.—Shell small, moderately heavy ; spire tall and acute, with a smooth submammillate nucleus of about 144 deeply su- tured whorls, which are at first smoothly rounded, later subcari-

Uf PLEISTOCENE Mo.Luusca oF CaALir.: BERRY 7

nate; postnuclear whorls 5+ to nearly 6, at first with a strong- ly threaded carina, shortly supplemented by a slightly weaker thread between the carina and the lower suture, and with the shoulder ornamented by about 16 low axial ridges which form nodes where they join the carina; on the later whorls these axial ribs increase in both strength and number to about 23 on the body whorl, and from the second postembryonic whorl onward they extend completely across the whorl, fading out only in the region of the canal, and becoming strongly retractive above the fasciole, more weakly protractive below it; the early carination diminishes steadily to the body whorl, the outlines of which are quite smoothly convex, while at the same time the number of spiral threads steadily increases both in number and equality of de- velopment until on the final whorls there are found in addition to the two major spirals another between them nearly as strong, a fourth just posterior where the axial ribs make their bend, a fifth anterior to these which tends to thread the suture, and about 13 or 14 of diminishing strength extending to the canal, besides often a thread or two just below the suture in the fas- ciolar area; all these threads save in the region of the canal are more or less strongly noded where they are intersected by the axial ribs. Suture of first whorl strongly oblique, subse- quently normal in character; channeled on the early whorls, less so on the later ones. Aperture narrow, not quite half so long as the shell, terminating in a rather long, open, slightly re- curved canal; outer lip thin, sharp, simple except for the fasciolar notch, which is imperfect in all my specimens; columella at first nearly perpendicular, then smoothly arcuate into the canal, with- out plications.

Measurements.—Largest specimen—alt., 11.5-+; diam., 4.6; alt. aperture, 5.6 mm. Holotype—alt., 10.1; diam., 3.8; alt. aper- ture, 4.9 mm.

Holotype.—Cat. No. 10,395, Berry Collection.

Paratypes.—Cat. Nos. 10,396 and 10,399, Berry Collection ; others to be deposited in the collections of the Paleontological Re- search Institution, Stanford University, California Institute of Technology, Pomona College, San Diego Museum of Natural

8 BULLETIN 101 8

History, United States National Museum, and the private collec- tion of Emery P. Chace.

Type locality—Lower Pleistocene—“Hilltop Quarry” (fine- eramed upper beds), San Pedro, California +S. S. Beriypekeake Cross, and i Be Chace, 1934 10.1920:

Remarks.—This characteristic and rather common species in the horizon studied apparently represents an undescribed race close to fanchere (Dall, 1903, p. 172; 1919, p. 28, pl. 8, fig. 3), having the same large nipplelike nucleus but with the sculpture, especially the axial, of the later whorls notably sparser and coarser than in either fanchere or rhines (Dall, 1908, p. 248; 1919, p. 28, pl. 8, fig. 5). It may conceivably lie in the direct ancestral line of the first-mentioned species. The form and sculpture of the early whorls as well as the peculiar larval shell strongly suggest those found in the associated Clathurellas, a circumstance per- haps more deeply significant than mere coincidence. Both this species and fanchere differ too strongly in nuclear character from (e. g.) ophioderma (Dall, 1908, p. 247) to be properly considered as subspecies or races of the same specific complex.

The species is named for the well-known collector and field- worker, Mr. Emery P. Chace of San Pedro, who has helped me greatly in securing abundant material from the Quarry.

Clathurella (Glyphostoma) tridesmia, new species Plate 1, fig.-3

Diagnosis.—Shell small, moderately heavy ; spire tall and acute, with a smooth submammillate nucleus of a trifle less than two rounded strongly sutured whorls, the first steeply descending ; postnuclear whorls 514, at first simply angular at the periphery, then with a spiral cord developing below the carina, followed shortly by other spirals and further by the axial sculpture to take on the character of the mature ornamentation hereinafter described, Suture of first whorl strongly descending, of subse- auent whorls normally aligned, appressed, the fasciolar region be- low it on the later whorls slopingly shouldered and bearing 5 to 6 low, close-set, threaded spirals, with interspaces narrower than the threads, followed below by a heavier cord just above

9 PLEISTOCENE MOLLUSCA OF CALIF.: BERRY 9

the very heavy nodular band which emphasizes the peripheral angle ; whorl below the periphery rounded, bearing usually about 20 or 21 strong spiral ribs, the upper ones more or less nodulose, of which only 3 or 4 remain exposed on the spire, thence on the last whorl becoming gradually weaker toward the canal; sec- ond cord below the periphery much larger than its companions, and sometimes almost as strong as the peripheral cord, forming a secondary angle to the whorls, though this may vary consider- ably in strength in different specimens; in a few examples the next cord, or next cord but one below this, is likewise emphasized to some extent; threads between the 2 or 3 major cords some- times reduced to mere intercalaries, at other times as large as those on the lower part of the whorl. Axial sculpture compris- ing 17 to 19 (count on penultimate whorl) low, rounded, slight- ly protractive ribs, which are usually most in evidence on the spire, becoming nearly obsolete on the anterior part of the body whorl, and in some specimens so reduced as to be little in evi- dence save insofar as they produce the previously mentioned nodulations of the major spirals. Lines of growth inconspicu- ous. Aperture subovate, with a short, open, slightly recurved canal, produced at the columella, and a deep rounded anal sul- cus terminating close to the suture with a strong subsutural cal- lus; outer lip strongly arcuately produced, somewhat thickened just back of the sharp, slightly crenulated margin, with usually a moderately strong varix behind it; apertural denticles wanting so far as noted; inner lip smooth, sharply sloping at first, but the rather long columella nearly straight.

Measurements of holotype.—Alt., 10.0; alt. last whorl, 4.6; diam., 4.0 mm.

Holotype.—Cat. No. 10,393, Berry Collection.

Paratypes.—Cat. No. 10,394, Berry Collection; others to be de- posited in the collections of the Paleontological Research Institu- tion, California Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Pomona College, San Diego Museum of Natural History, United States National Museum, and the private collection of Emery iP Chace.

10 BULLETIN 101 10

Type locality—Lower Pleistocene—‘Hilltop Quarry” (pit in quarry floor), San Pedro, California, (also frequent in the upper beds)="S.S: Berry, Re 1K. Cross; ands. P. iChace, 1934 to mesa

Remarks.—This is a very beautifully sculptured little species of a beautiful group, the double angulation of the whorls causing the spire to appear almost turreted. Grant and Gale (1931) right- ly bring to question the taxonomic exuberance of Dall, yet it seems clear that in this as in many other instances they hasten to the other extreme. Although forms such as the selected holo- type are very different from anything else in the group known to me, it is admittedly true that the fossil series is an exceedingly variable one, so variable indeed that one might well ponder whether it itself may not include more than one form. Also the tendency of this variation is very definitely in the direction of the living cymodoce (Dall, 1919, p. 54, pl. 17, fig. 6), but at no point does the gap at present seem quite bridged, whether or no at some later day we find it so. The latter species, as evidenced by one of Woodworth’s original specimens before me, is very close to tridesmia, but the smooth nucleus is smaller, the axial ribs begin almost immediately, they are both more distinctly knobby and fewer in number, the periphery is much less angular, especially on the early whorls, the postlabial varix is much stronger, and the outer lip is both heavier and much less strongly produced.

C. conradiana (Gabb, 1866, pl. 1, fig. 12; 1869, p. 73) is larger, with a wider body whorl and much heavier ribbing.

C. canfield: (Dall, 1871, p. 101 ; 1872, pl. 15, fig. 9) is a smaller, heavier, more strongly ribbed species, with a denticulate aper- ture and less produced spire.

The specific name chosen is derived from the Gr. tri-, thrice, -+- desmios, bound, and has reference to the triplicate major spiral sculpture.

Mitromorpha barbarensis woodfordi, new subspecies Plate 1, fig. 4

Diagnosis.—Shell large for the genus, spindle-shaped, biconic ; whorls convex; suture channeled, a slender thread visible in the

all PLEISTOCENE MoLuusca oF CALIF.: BERRY il

channel; heavily sculptured with a series of very even, flattened, spiral cords, about 4 to a whorl between the sutures, and 17 on the body whorl, their interspaces generally about equal to them in width, but rather wider at the summit and narrower at the base of the whorl, the uppermost channel especially wide; axial sculpture wanting on the final whorl, but on the earlier postnu- clear turns represented by about 12 low, but quite massive and narrowly spaced ridges. Aperture narrow, elongate, a little less than half as long as the shell; columella sinuous, biarcuate, the columellar folds two in number, but low and usually quite obso- lete or perhaps immersed in most of the specimens examined; anterior canal moderately defined and at maturity slightly re- curved.

Measurements of holotype.—Alt., 11.4; diam., 4.2; alt. aper- ture, 5.6 mm. “

Holotype.-—Cat. No. 7705, Berry Collection.

Paratypes (all smaller than the holotype or immature) .—Cat. No. 7706, Berry Collection; others to be deposited in the collec- tions of Stanford University, the Paleontological Research Insti- tution, Pomona College, California Institute of Technology, San Diego Museum of Natural History, and the United States Na- tional Museum.

Type locality—Lower Pleistocene—“Hilltop Quarry” (pit in quarry floor), San Pedro, California; S. S. Berry,. R. K. Cross, aude P Chace 1934 to 1930:

Remarks.—The closest affinity of this, by far the largest mem- ber of the genus yet to be described, is clearly with M. barbar- ensis Arnold (1907, p. 438, 446, pl. 57, fig. 1; cf. also topotypes from Bathhouse Cliff, Santa Barbara, California, in Berry Coll., Cat. No. 8958), but it is very much larger, narrower, with a more produced spire, and the axial ribbing becomes nearly or quite obsolete on the final whorl at maturity. One of my imma- ture shells would quite resemble Arnold’s figure were it not for the heavier and wider axial ribs and their smaller number. It is the difficulty encountered in the separation of such speci- mens which lead me for the present at least to withhold full specif- ic rank from woodfordi, Compared with gracilior “Hemphill” (Tryon, 1884, p. 317, pl. 25, fig. 62) the pres2nt form differs in

12 BULLETIN 101 12

its much larger size, more produced spire, fewer and coarser axial ribs, convex whorls, and deeper suture. J/uterfossa (Car- penter, 1856, p. 429) is interpreted by Grant and Gale (1931, p. 598) to include barbarensis, but I have seen on specimens from Neah Bay (the type locality) or its vicinity, and can not presume as to the correctness of their interpretation. Certainly no other Recent shells of the genus seen by me check at all closely with the fossils.

Grant and Gale find interfossa (-++-barbarensis) uncomfort- ably near to aspera (Carpenter), but I fail to understand why they prefer comparison with this species rather than with gract- lior. Recent specimens from San Pedro which I can not separ- ate from gracilior are really very close to Arnold’s figure above cited, although, on the other hand, they seem clearly distinct from the Hilltop Quarfy race. Compare also Arnold, 1903 p. 222, ple 4, fie. 10.

The name proposed is in salutation to Prof. A. O. Woodford of the Department of Geology, Pomona College, and denominates an exceedingly beautiful little shell, the finest of its group.

Mitromerpha galeana, new species Diagnosis.—Shell small, spindle-shaped, biconic ; whorls weak-

ly convex, the suture channeled, with a slender thread visible in the channel; heavily sculptured by a series of even spiral cords, numbering 5 between sutures on the spire, and a total of about 18 on the final whorl, separated by smoothly grooved channels narrower than the cords; axial sculpture wanting; aperture nar- row, elongate, about half as long as the shell; columella sinuous, biarcuate, bearing two weak folds just below the center; anterior canal weakly defined.

Measurements of holotype.—Alt., 7.3; maj. diam., 3.3 mm.

Holotype.—Cat. No. 10,397, Berry Collection.

Paratypes.—Cat. No. 10,398, Berry Collection; others to be deposited in the collections of the Paleontological Research In- stitution, Stanford University, Pomona College, California Insti- tute of Technology, San Diego Museum of Natural History, and the private collection of Emery P. Chace.

Type locality—Lower Pleistocene—‘Hilltop Quarry” (pit in

13 PLEISTOCENE MoLuusca OF CALIF.: BERRY 13

quarry floor) San Pedro California; S. S. Berry, R..K. Cross, and Be PoChace; 1934) todo 30.

Remarks.—This species stands near filosa Carpenter (1864. p. 658; 1865a, p. 182), but is more slender, the aperture is shorter, the suture is conspicuously threaded and channeled, and _ the relative proportions are different, lacking the curious hunched appearance which is peculiarly characteristic of filosa. Likewise none of the specimens I have examined show any denticulation of the outer lip or even the thickening and beveling off seen in the lip of the latter species.

The species is named for Dr. Hoyt Rodney Gale, to whom, for his part in the monumental monograph already cited repeat- edly in this paper, every student, and particularly an isolated

student like myself, must ever remain indebted. Margarites (Lirularia) aresta, new species Plate 1, fig. 5

Diagnosis.—Shell small, thin, conic, rather high; whorls 51%, rounded, strongly bicarinate, the carinz acutely threaded, one carina on the shoulder, the other about equal to it and peripheral, entering the suture’; slope of shoulder strong, weakly arcuate; slope between carinze nearly vertical; base typically ornamented by three spiral cords, the lowest of which strongly angulates the umbilical margin, with usually an additional lesser cord enclosed within it; axial sculpture wanting except for the fine but quite sharp growth lines. Embryonic shell mammillate, at first round- ed and sculptureless as far as can be made out, but becoming shouldered after the last turn. Umbilicus open and of moderate width, well reamed out. Aperture rounded but angulated to some extent by the carinz; lip thin, sharply beveled, simple, un- reflected.

Measurements of holotype.—Alt.,4.7 ; diam., 4.4 ; alt. aper- ture, 2.9 mm.

Holotype.—Cat. No. 10,402, Berry Collection.

Paratypes.—Cat. No. 10,403, Berry Collection; others to be deposited in the collections of the Paleontological Research In-

1 In some specimens a third weaker carina develops about midway of the shoulder, but this is more often represented by a mere thread or en- tirely obsolete. In the holotype there is a minor supplemental keel so closely subtending the peripheral one as to give almost the appearance of

a single wide riblet in this region; it requires careful inspection to dis- cover that the apparent rib is mostly an interspace.

14 BULLETIN 101 14

stitution, Stanford University, United States National Museum, San Diego Museum of Natural History, and the private collec- tion of Emery P. Chace.

Type locahty—Lower Pleistocene—‘Hilltop Quarry” (from pit in quarry floor), San Pedro, California; S. S. Berry, 1934, also Ses. ‘Berry and EP) (Chace, 190377 to! 1930:

Remarks.—l know no species, living or fossil, with which M. aresta requires special comparison. It is clearly a Lirularia as that group is at present understood, but even amid this lovely assemblage its beautiful sculptural plan appears unique. In gen- eral it somewhat suggests a particularly elegant Valvata. Some shells show traces of rounded spots of color strung along the shoulder-carina. Several adult shells were obtained, but the great majority taken are quite juvenile. Possibly the fragility of the shell has something to do with this.

The specific name is the L. arestus, pleasing.

Skenea (?) cyclostoma, new species Plate) 1) figs Gna7

Diagnosis.—Shell minute, simple, cyclostomoid; spire de- pressed, flattened; umbilicus open, widely funiculate; whorls rounded, rapidly expanding, the suture deeply impressed. Whorls 31%. Aperture almost perfectly circular, large. Sculpture want- ing except for the very fine and numerous lines of growth.

Measurements of holotype-—Max. diam., 1.76; alt., .g2; alt. Aperture, -72 man:

Holotype.—Cat. No. 10,407, Berry Collection.

Paratype.—Cat. No. 10,408, Berry Collection.

Type locality—Lower Pleistocene—‘Hilltop Quarry” (fine- grained upper beds), San Pedro, California; one mature shell, the holotype, and one minute juvenal, thought to be conspecific and used as a patatype, Ss. o. Berry, 1037, O40.

Remarks.—I! am by no means sure that this trim and incon- spicuous vitrinellid is really a Skenea, but its lack of spiral sculp- ture appears suggestive of this genus rather than of Delphinoidea, while the well-known S. planorbis Fabricius (Berry Coll. 2286, taken at Provincetown, Mass., by C. W. Johnson) has seemed

15 PLEISTOCENE MOLLUSCA OF CALIF.: BERRY 15

the nearest thing to it, available to me, for close comparison. From the latter the present shell differs in (1) the planulate spire; (2) the lower, much more rapidly expanding whorls; (3) the more evenly rounded aperture; (4) the finer and less irregular growth lines ; (5) the smaller initial embryonic whorl; (6) the more pol- ished surface (especially that of the embryonic whorls) and some- what thinner shell, even though so alterable a character as tex- ture is admittedly difficult to use as a basis of comparison be- tween a fossil and a living shell; and (7) the possession of about one-quarter whorl less in shells of corresponding size. The dif- ferences in the embryonic shells as noted may indicate that the relationship between the two is not so close, but if properly allo- cated, this is perhaps the first Pacific record for the genus Skenea.

The specific name proposed has been chosen because of the marked resemblance in form of shell to the land-operculate genus Cyclostoma, which in turn derives its name from the Gr. cyclos, circular, + stoma, mouth, and has reference to the shape of the aperture.

EV ERATURE. Clik

Arnold, R. 1903. The Paleontology and stratigraphy of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, Memoirs California Academy Sciences, 3, June, 1903, pp. 420, pls. 1-37. 1907. New and characteristic species of fossil mollusks from the oil-bearing Tertiary formations of Santa Barbara County, California, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections (Quarterly ; Issue), 50 (4), Dec., 1907, pp. 419-447, pls. 50-58. Berry, S. S. New Mollusca from the Pleistocene of San Pedro, California —I, Bulletins American Paleontology, 25 (94A), Sept., 1940, pp. 1-18, pls. 1-2. Carpenter, P. P. 1864. A supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North: America, Report British Association Advancement Science, 1863. Aug. 1864. pp. 517-686. [Repr. in Smiths. Mise. Coll., pp. 1-172, Dec., 1872.] 1865. Diagnoses of new forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver District, Annals and Magazine Natural History, ser. 3, 14, Dee., 1864; pp. 423-429; 15, Jan., 1865, pp. 28-32. [Repr. with preceding in Smiths. Mise. Coll., pp. 233-246, Dec., 1872.]

16 BULLETIN 101 16

1865a Diagnoses of new forms of Mollusca from the West Coast of North America, first collected by Col. E. Jewett, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 3, v. 15, March, 1865, pp. 177-182 [Repr. with preceding in Smiths, Mise. Coll., pp. 277-284, Dee. 1872.]

Dall, W. H.

1871-72. Descriptions of sixty new forms of mollusks from the West Coast of North America and the North Pacific Ocean, with notes on others already described, American Journal Con- chology, 7 (2), Nov., 1871, pp. 93-160; (3), Mar., 1872, pls. 13-16.

1902. Illustrations and descriptions of new, unfigured, or imperfect- ly known shells, chiefly American, in the U. S. National Mu- seum, Proceedings United States National Museum, 24 (1264), 1902, pp. 499-566, pls. 27-40.

1908. Diagnoses of new species of mollusks from the Santa Barbara Channel, California, Proceedings Biological Society Washing- ton, 16, Dec., 1903, pp. 171-176.

1908. Descriptions of new species of mollusks from the Pacific Coast of the United States, with notes on other mollusks from the same region, Proceedings United States National Museum, 34 (1610), June, 1908, pp. 245-257.

1908a. Reports on the dredging operations off the West Coast of Cen- tral America. . . by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ‘‘ Al- batross’’ . . . XX XVII. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific . . . by the . . .Al- batross’’, etc. XIV. The Mollusca and the Brachiopoda, Bulle- tin Museum Comparative Zoélogy Harvard College, 43 (6), Oct., 1908, pp. 205-487, pls. 1-22.

1919. Descriptions of new species of mollusks of the family Turri- tide from the West Coast of America and adjacent regions, Proceedings United States National Museum, 56 (2288), 1919, pp. 1-86, pls. 1-24.

Gabb, W. M.

1866. Tertiary and invertebrate fossils, Geological Survey of Cali- fornia, Paleontology, 2 (1), Feb., 1866, pp. 1-38, pls. 1-13.

1869. Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils, Geological Survey of Cali- fornia, Paleontology, 2, 1869, pp. 1-299, pls. 1-36.

Gould, A. A.

1849. . . . descriptions of . . . species of shells from the collec- tion of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, Proceedings Boston Society Natural History, 3, 1849, pp. 140-144.

Grant, U. S. IV, and Gale, H. R.

1931. Catalogue of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of California and adjacent regions, etc., Memoirs San Diego So- ciety Natural History, 1, Nov., 1931, pp. 1-1036, diag. A.-D. tab. 1-3, text figs. 1-5, pls. 1-32.

Tryon, G. W., Jr. 1884. Manual of Conchology, ser. 1, v. 6, 1884.

Note: Gabb, 1869 and Tryon, 1884 are inaccessible to me, so are cited perforce from the works of other authors.

PLATE

PLATE 1 (1)

18

BULLETIN 101 18

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I (1)

Figure Page

: Oenopota ‘turrispira,. n.sps -——-—-- ee eee 5

Holotype; alt., 13.6 mm.

. Moniliopsis chacei, n.sp... gE See Rae Ne 6

Holotype; alt., 10.1 mm.

. Clathurella (Glyphostoma) tridesmia, n.sp. 8

Holotype; alt., 10.0 mm.

. Mitromorpha barbarensis woodfordi, n.subsp. 10

Holotype; alt., 11.4 mm.

. Margarites (uirulania)) aresta,, n:Sp.- ee 13

Holotype; alt., 4.7 mm.

> Skenean(2) vey.clostoma, nisp.<=.._ (=. = eee Eee 14

Anterior view of holotype; alt., .92 mm.

. Skenea (?) cyclostoma, n.sp. 1 SAL, 3 14

Basal view of holotype; same scale.

All figures on this page are from original drawings by Tom Craig

Pu. 1, Vou. 27 BuLL. AMER. PALEONT. Nov l0i Prat

gy Lay)

<n ~ ot of Commas: 2

Zooire

J

AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY

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BULLETINS OF

AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY

Vol. 27

No. 102

CEPHALOPODS FROM THE SEWARD PENINSULA OF ALASKA

By

Rousseau H. Flower

December 8, 1941

Paleontological Research Institution

Ithaca, New York Urs. 2:

ae

of Com =a ; GP restos, “N DEC 22 i)

LIBRAR®*

1346!

CEPHALOPODS FROM THE SEWARD! PENINSULA OR ALASKA

by

RoussEAU H. FLOWER

The three species of cephalopods described in the following pages were collected from the York District, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, by J. B. Mettie, Jr., of the U. S. Geological Survey. They were sent to the writer through the kindness of Dr. Josiah Bridge. The specimens have been of exceptional morphological interest, but serve only to establish approximate correlations of the beds from which they came. Two of the species belong to Ellesmeroceras, a genus known only from the Ozarkian of Amer- ica and the equivalent Wanwanian of Manchuria. The Alaskan forms are much closer to the Manchurian forms than to the single species thus far described from the Western Hemisphere, Elles- meroceras scheu Foerste. The two species of Ellesmeroceras, col- lected from float, indicate the presence of Ozarkian strata.

The remaining species, a coiled cephalopod, is Canadian in aspect. Externally, the form is one which shows no essential dif- ference from Plectoceras of the Ordovician. The siphuncle, how- ever, shows a thickening of the connecting ring which is peculiar to certain Canadian cephalopods, including Tarphyceras and Eurystomites. It remained to determine whether the external form or the internal structure was the more significant feature to be used in classification. Other investigations indicate strongly that two distinct groups are involved in early Paleozoic coiled cephalopods. One of these, characterized by a thick connecting ring of complex structure, is known only from the Canadian. This includes Tarphyceras and Eurystomites, and it seems desirable to restrict the Tarphyceratide to such forms. Another group, thus far known definitely only from the Ordovician, is characterized by thin connecting rings which show no differentiation of struc- ture. This group includes Plectoceras of the Plectoceratide and a number of genera formerly assigned to the Tarphyceratide, in- cluding Barrandeoceras. Further, Chazyan coiled cephalopods

4 BULLETIN 102 99

externally typical of such Canadian genera as 4 phetoceras, Pyc- noceras, and probably Falcilituites belong in this group. Unsettled problems of phylogeny make it impossible to revise the classifica- tion of the genera involved at the present time. It is conceivable that a simplification may have taken place in a single genetic line, producing Ordovician types from Canadian ones. On the other hand, the internal structure suggests very strongly that, instead, two lines may be involved which illustrate one of the most re- markable cases of homeomorphy to be found among the cephalo- pods. Which of these possibilities contains the true solution can- Lot be determined until more thorough investigations have been undertaken. Happily this 1s now being accomplished by Miller and Furnish, in the completion of the studies of Ozarkian and Canadian cephalopods.

Genus ELLESMEROCERAS Foerste

Revised description.—( Ulrich and Foerste, 1936, pp. 275-6.)

“Conchs orthoconic, slowly enlarging, laterally compressed. Sutures of septa curving downward laterally, rising almost as high dorsally as ventrally, but a little straighter on approaching the ventral saddles. Closely similar to Ectenolites, but regarded as orthoconic rather than cyrtoconic.

Siphuncle in flattened contact with one of the more narrowly rounded sides of the conch; structure probably holochoaniodal. Differing from Cotteroceras chiefly in the downward curvature of the septa laterally.

Genotype: Ellesmeroceras scheu Foerste (Denison Univ. Bull., Ser, Lab, jou, vol: 19, p. 265, pl 27, fe: 3Aec> pla sae tice (Gives

The above description differs mainly from the original one, which is combined with the description of the genotype and is too long to be reproduced here, in the recognition of dorsal saddles of sutures. The illustration did not show the dorsal sutures clear- ly, and no mention of them was made in the original description. The Alaskan species are atypical mainly in that the dorsal saddle is better developed than is the ventral saddle. This is, however, a feature which may be expected to vary among the species. Such

23 ALASKAN CEPHALOPODS: FLOWER 5

sutures are not known in any described orthoconic genus of the early Paleozoic, though they are characteristic of the genus Ecten- olites Ulrich and Foerste (1936, p. 272) which possesses trun- cated endocones within the siphuncle and is slightly cyrtoconic in the adapical part of the shell. One of the Alaskan species shows a very slight cyrtoconic tendency, but this appears to be variable within the species.

The only described species of Ellesmeroceras consist of the genotype and several forms from the Wanwanian of Manchuria. The forms discussed in this paper are mest closely allied to Flles- meroceras foerstei obayashi (1932, p. 268, pl. 1, fies. 1, I1), a species of rather strongly compressed section and well-developed lobes, the dorsal saddles of which are quite conspicuous, at least anteriorly. This species appears to cornect the Alaskan forms with the genotype, at least insofar as the condition of the sutures is concerned. Other cescribed Manchurian species are broader in section and have straighter sutures.

The structure of the siphuncle has not been closely studied in any species of Ellesmercceras. The siphuncle is made up of con- cave segments which are oblique, being strongly inclined orad on the ventral (7) side, where the siphuncle is practically in contact with the wall of the shell. The concave outline of the seements seems to be the only basis for classifying the genus as holochoan- itic. The siphuncle is illustrated adequately in my plates. Ex- foliated siphuncles, exposed on the ventral side of the conch (PI. 1, figs, 1-2), present the aspect of cyrtochoanitic segments. In section (Pl. 1, fic 19) this aspect is retained. However, close ex- amination shows that the septa join the siphuncle at a point orad of the greatest width of the segment and apicad of the least width and are not located at the apparent septal foramen at all. Dorsally (Pl 1, fig. 9; Pl. 2, fig. 6) the segments are concavosiphonate, but again the septa do not join the siphuncle at the point where they would normally be expected to be found. Septa were gener- ally elusive, as were the fine points of the structure of the si- phuncle wall, because of extensive replacement and recrystalliza- tion of the white calcite that filled